不同产地来源的藏药材渣驯肝保护活性研究

对来自不同产地的藏药材渣驯进行肝病治疗活性比较研究,在本研究中,首先评价了产自新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区哈巴河县、巴基斯坦吉尔吉特地区、西藏自治区山南市洛扎县、西藏自治区昌都市洛隆县、四川省甘孜藏族自治州九龙县等5个地区的藏药材渣驯对0.2%四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导ICR小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。结果显示,5个不同产地来源的藏药材渣驯在CCl4诱导的小鼠急性氧化性肝损伤模型中,均可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平;改善肝组织病理损伤;其中,新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区哈巴河县、巴基斯坦吉尔吉特地区、西藏自治区昌都市洛隆县三地来源的渣驯可显著降低肝组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量(P<0.05),升高谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量(P<0.01),改善肝组织氧化应激。进而利用对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen,APAP)诱导的HepG2细胞损伤模型,评价了产自不同产地渣驯药材的体外保肝活性,结果显示,不同产地来源的藏药材渣驯均能显著抑制APAP诱导的肝细胞损伤,提高肝细胞存活率。本研究表明,不同产地来源的渣驯均具有明确的体内外肝保护活性,其中,来源于西藏自治区昌都市洛隆县的渣驯药材肝保护活性相对略优。本实验所用动物及相关处置符合动物福利的要求,实验开展前经过中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会的审查批准(批准号:00004024)。

元素分析-稳定同位素质谱技术在婴幼儿配方奶粉奶源地追溯中的应用

婴幼儿配方奶粉是婴幼儿的主要食品,为加强其品质监管,建立了元素分析-稳定同位素质谱(EAIRMS)同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中酪蛋白δ15 N和δ13 C值的方法。通过优化的等电点沉淀法可以从婴幼儿配方奶粉中获得高纯度的蛋白(纯度大于96%)。利用纳升液相-四极杆飞行时间质谱对提取的蛋白进行定性分析,确认其为酪蛋白。利用EA-IRMS测定分离得到的酪蛋白δ15 N和δ13 C值发现,δ15 N和δ13 C与奶源产地有一定的相关性,同一产地的婴幼儿配方奶粉中酪蛋白的δ15 N和δ13 C值分布范围一致,而不同奶源产地的则存在差异。该方法前处理简单、重现性好、测试方便、准确度高,可以用来追溯国内市场上婴幼儿配方奶粉的奶源产地。

基于近红外光谱的安吉白茶溯源模型的建立与验证

[目的]研究安吉白茶源产地追溯方法,建立高识别率追溯方法。[方法]对266个来自7大源产地产区安吉白茶和118个来自六大茶叶主产区的非安吉白茶进行近红外光谱检测,预处理方法分别采用SNV和MSC,通过LDA模型识别率比较二者优劣,并通过PCA、K-means聚类和HCA聚类等方法进行模型验证。采用SPSS分析聚类结果与样品地理位置的关系。[结果]MSC预处理效果优于SNV,LDA分析模型识别率可达100%。模型验证显示,经MSC预处理后,PCA方法可在前3个PC下清晰聚类,K-means和HCA聚类方法都可将266个产地内和118个产地外样品成功预测出。SPSS聚类分析显示,7个安吉白茶的聚类结果与样品采集地的地理位置远近存在对应关系。[结论]安吉白茶近红外光谱经MSC预处理,LDA建模可作为安吉白茶源产地追溯方法。

最早驯化栽培茶的中国孟高棉诸民族

中国是茶的故乡,有着悠久的种茶历史和茶文化。云南的西南部是茶起源之地和主要盛产茶的区域。通过利用考古学、植物学、生态遗传学的观点以及从历史学、民族学、语言学学科的角度分析探讨,认为现今中国孟高棉诸民族是云南西南部最早驯化、栽培、利用茶的古老茶农。

稳定同位素质谱技术在区分不同奶源中的应用

牛奶是一种纯天然饮料,一直以来备受人们喜爱。牛奶可以强化骨骼,补充钙元素,提高机体免疫力。对于不同国家来说,牛奶分有不同的等级。为了提高和严格把控牛奶的质量,建立同位素质谱,同时测定牛奶中酪蛋白的δ^2H、δ^13C、δ^15N和δ^34S值。根据经过优化的等点沉淀法,在牛奶中提取高纯度蛋白质,利用纳升液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱进一步分析提取的蛋白,并确认该蛋白为酪蛋白。根据EA-IRMS检测分离后的酪蛋白δ2H、δ^13C、δ^15N和δ^34S值发现,δ^2H、δ^13C、δ^15N和δ^34S的值和牛奶的产地有一定关联。同一产地的牛奶中酪蛋白的δ^2H、δ^13C、δ^15N和δ^34S值分布范围一致,但不同产地的δ^2H、δ^13C、δ^15N和δ^34S值没有明显的相关性。利用这种方法可以有效简化前期的处理过程,且结果具有很好的重现性,方便进行检测,准确度高,能够用于调查市面上销售牛奶的原产地。

Fenlong Cultivation-the Fourth Set of Farming Methods Invented in China

The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of ＂Fenlong＂ cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People＇s Republic of China is fully illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set （generation） of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical （tractor） farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water con- servation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characteristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the number of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms （＂Four pools＂）. Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical ＂desalinized＂ transformation and utilization of saline soil. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of ＂serf-propelled Fenlong machinery＂ that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland （dry land, paddy field） Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and for the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City＋rivers） green development in China can achieve the ＂double safety＂ of food and living space.

Construction of Land Resource Security System for Core Grain Production Region in Henan Province

To solve the contradiction between supply and demand of land, the con- struction of land resource security guarantee system is an important part to coordi- nate the economic development and cultivated land protection in the core grain pro- duction region. Based on the deep analysis on the land resources characteristics and problems using the combined method of literature review method with qualita- tive and quantitative analysis, we constructed the land resource security system for different categories according to the land use principles of optimization, intensivism, improvement, and overall planning, and proposed the corresponding supporting mea- sures. The results showed that controlling the new increase, promoting the reclama- tion and improvement of land are the basis for land resource security, clearing the idle, improving the utilization rate of stock are the core of the efficient use of land resources, and establishing a unified urban and rural construction land market is the key to promoting the economical and intensive utilization of land resources, provid- ing scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of land resources in the core grain production regions.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

Variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City, China:1996-2005

Nowadays the fast economic development has brought about serious conflicts between the limited land resources and the increasing land demand in Chuzhou City. The changes of land use structure also restrict economic development and society progress in this area. Because different cities have different functional localization, the city area and each county (city) have formed characteristic land utilization structure. It is of great significance to make rational use of land resources and ensure the sustainable use of land resources by analyzing the variation of land use structure in the city area and each county (city) in Chuzhou City. Based on the data of land use modification of Chuzhou City from 1996 to 2005 and adopting the quantitative analysis of landscape ecology, this paper studies quantitatively the temporal division of regional land use structure and its dynamic changes. The results indicate that: (1) this method can reveal the law of the variation; (2) the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City: increasing diversification, evenness and heterogeneity; (3) the intensity of change in land use from 1996 to 2005 in the city appeared in the sequence: grass land > traffic land > garden land > virgin land > forest land > industrial and residential land > cultivated land > other agricultural land > water facility land; (4) there were remarkable differences between the city area and each county (city) in the relative change and the land use structure change from 1996 to 2005. This paper analyzes the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City, and finally proposes related countermeasures and suggestions.

Research on the Application of Residual Apparent Polarization to Surveying Deep Jiaojia-type Gold Mines

The theory and equations of the residual apparent polarization method are proposed and described in this article. Based on studies of existing mines, the residual apparent polarization ηα^sy, calculated from the induced-current middle-gradient apparent polarizations ηα^sy at large and small electrode spaces over the known deep Jiaojia-type gold mines, have been shown to separate the effects of mines from the anomalous polarizations generated from the strongly altered rocks in fracture zones.

The urban land use system in China

The obstacles to urban land development caused by Chinese immature land use system are explored. Key features of the dual land use system are analyzed on base of the constructing model of the dual land market in Chinese cities, in which market-based allocation including negotiation, tender and auction conveyance and non-market administrative allocation coexist. Some suggestions for solving the problems are brought forward after illustrating by facts problems existing in Chongqing抯 land market that the administratively allocated land is difficult to be collocated optimally and the black market is harmful to urban land development. In conclusion the land use system reformation is a complicated systems engineering involving interactions among various factors. Government to institute and execute corresponding policies is important to establish a uniform land market system.

Climate Change and Environmental Impact Caused by Anthropogenic

For the last two decades the world has undergone a population explosion which has been accompanied by a speeding up of urbanization and land use for industrial and agricultural products. These involve a vast increase in the discharge of pollutants into very different receiving water bodies, and have had adverse effects on the various components of the environment. For a long time, human has concerned a little of the natural environment. It is obvious that this variation in surface temperature of the earth increases the level of sea due to snowmelt. So climate change is manifested by many phenomena： floods, droughts, fires, tornadoes, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, diseases etc.. The statement today is dramatic. Entire regions were devastated and many rivers and lakes have become polluted around the world. Pollution has it nature which is hard to be absorbed. Where did the different pollutants come from？ What are the risks to the aquatic environment？ To prevent and combat the general decline of these ecosystems, it is important to distinguish and determine the effects of different sources of pollution and any changes that may suffer the physical environment. The climate depends primarily on changes in earth orbit parameters, which affect the solar radiation received by the earth surface. Therefore, human participates strongly to these changes, for example, pollution is the main reason to argue the greenhouse effect, an increase of anthropogenic carbon dioxide （CO2） into the atmosphere, which promotes global warming to the planet. These modifications are already applied in order to ensure durable development in water resources by controlling discharges into streams to preserve water resources for future generations and to ensure reconciliation between man-climate and environment.

The Study on Energy Chemical Industry Clustering in Shaanxi

Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.

Study of Chinese Economic "Growth Drag" Caused by Land Resource in the Perspective of the Modified Two-Level CES Production Function

The purpose of the study is to measure the "growth drag" according to the characteristic of Chinese land resource.Romer model (2001) holds that every country is inevitably affected by the "growth drag" due to the limitation of land resource.So it's of profound strategic significance to measure the "growth drag" according to the character of Chinese land resource.Modified two-level CES production function was employed,and this paper modified the hypothesis of the model.The result indicates that the limitation of Chinese land resource casts shadow over the economic development of China,and the growth rate is 0.4618% lower than that without the limitation of land resource.Through implementing the land resource protection policy along with the technology improvement and the substitute effect of other factors to the land resource,China will keep a steady and balanced economic growth.

Human Resource Management in Operational Level of Generation Y at Northern Region Industrial Estate Lamphun, Thailand

The generation Y is a growing group of young people among the general workforce, having different behaviors and motivators at work. To study effective motivating factors for this group of employees can even show some interesting factors of Y-generation employees＇ value, such as high value of manager flexibility and sharing similar values with the companies they work for. The primary aim of this study is to understand the relationship of Y-generation employee＇s work motivation between operational behaviors and work and organization interests. There are several companies with a number of young employees at Northern Region Industrial Estate Lamphun, Thailand. These companies obviously need to focus on the requirements of Y-generation employees. The study population consisted of Y-generation employees of Northern Region Industrial Estate, Lamphun in which 410 are selected by simple random sampling for the research. The questionnaires were analyzed using LISREL. Two types of data analysis have been performed which are descriptive and Structure Equation Model （SEM）. The research findings indicate that having behavior in the right direction should focus on motivation factors. Motivation to get work and organization interests should focus on hygiene factors. There is a correlation between the operational level of generation Y employees work motivation and their operational behaviors and work and organization interests. The relationship between them clearly is defined in fact finding for determining the human resource management policies.

Origin of Sulfur and Mode of Gypsum Formation in Central Iraqi Soils

The δ18O and 8D values of gypsum crystallization water together with δ18O and 834S of sulfates were used as reliable techniques to study source of sulfur and mode of gypsum formation in selected central Iraqi soils. Six representative pedons on different geologic units were studied. The slope of 3.9 for δ18O and 8D plot of gypsum crystallization water showed that evaporation was the major process of gypsum deposition in the study area. The mean 834S value of ＋17.58 %0 showed that Cretaceous sea sulfate followed by Tertiary is the source of sulfur in studied soils. The heavier 834S value （＋17.58 %0） of the study area compared to central Iran （＋13.5 %） proved that gypsum in central Iraq soils has been formed in the later stage of evaporation and that Iraqi landforms were cut off from the Tethys seaway after central Iran was evolved.

Review and Comprehensive Analysis of Composition and Origin of High Acidity Crude Oils

High acidity crude oils have an advantage over normal oils in terms of their price,but can cause corrosion and refinery problems.They are the so-called opportunity crudes and likely to be important reserved resources in the 21st century.Researches on high acidity crude oils are becoming more and more profound.Based on the existing research achievements,this article has given an overview of the chemical composition and acid distribution of high acidity oils,and also analyzed their origin types and potential influence factors.

Technologies of oxygen supply for life support during the development of mineral resources in high altitude areas

In order to fulfill the needs of life-support oxygen supply during the development of plateau mineral resources,four oxygen supply patterns suitable for the plateau mine in specific environment were developed:tunnel face diffusive oxygen supply,tunnel oxygen-bar car,carried oxygen cylinder and portable oxygen generator. Through the study of safety oxygen supply experiments in low- pressure plateau areas,the mathematical relationship between maximum integration of secure oxygen volume and altitude has been achieved. Oxygen supply safety control should follow this relationship in plateau mines during the time of executing tunnel face or in room air diffusive oxygen supply. The application results of life-support oxygen supplement technologies in the development of mineral resources in high altitude areas show that the oxygen supply for tunneling miners in plateau mines can not only effectively enhance the oxygen saturation,reduce the pulse rate and the breath rate per minute,but also improve various symptoms caused by altitude hypoxia and high-intensity physical labor.

Research on construction knowledge resources framework of real estate enterprises

Many studies have shown that knowledge resources have been the real source of innovation and competitiveness of real estate enterprises. Therefore, it is the basic work to establish the real estate enterprise knowledge resources framework for implementing knowledge management（KM）,and it should be given enough attention. A sort of the real estate enterprise knowledge resources framework system has been built in this paper based on the thought of Clark ＆ Henderson＇s enterprise knowledge classification, and the contents have been analyzed and expounded. Thus, the real estate enterprises can grasp clearly the basic contents of its knowledge resources, then depict the knowledge system, in the end the solid foundation should be settled for implementing knowledge management.