The author proposes here for utilizing ELC （English Language Corpora） as a secondary resource for developing ELT （English Language Teaching） materials for teaching English to Indian learners. We argue for using EL...The author proposes here for utilizing ELC （English Language Corpora） as a secondary resource for developing ELT （English Language Teaching） materials for teaching English to Indian learners. We argue for using ELC as one of the most authentic representative collections of modem English language from where we extract necessary linguistic data, information, and examples to develop basic as well as additional resources of ELT, such as, text books, reference materials, syllabuses, grammar books, dictionaries, and terminology databases, etc., for Indian learners. Keeping the requirements of individual learners in mind we propose to customize materials to make these maximally useful within the broader scheme of CALT （Computer Assisted Language Teaching）. In our view, ELT resources developed from ELC are more useful for Indian learners, because ELC represents diversified varieties of usage of modem English in real situations, which Indian learners need to assimilate to be at par with others across the globe. Also ELC-based ELT resources are more interesting and beneficial to Indian learners, if instructors carefully utilize these resources keeping in mind the requirements of learners. If Indian ELT learners want to compete in global frame, then utilization of ELC-based ELT resources is the most useful solution, which we can ignore at the cost of our own peril.展开更多
The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of dif...The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？展开更多
Reducing cost of service is an important goal for resource discovery and interaction technologies. The shortcomings of transhipment-method and hibernation-method are to increase holistic cost of service and to slower ...Reducing cost of service is an important goal for resource discovery and interaction technologies. The shortcomings of transhipment-method and hibernation-method are to increase holistic cost of service and to slower resource discovery respectively. To overcome these shortcomings, a context-aware computing-based method is developed. This method, firstly, analyzes the courses of devices using resource discovery and interaction technologies to identify some types of context related to reducing cost of service, then, chooses effective methods such as stopping broadcast and hibernation to reduce cost of service according to information supplied by the context but not the transhipment-method’s simple hibernations. The results of experiments indicate that under the worst condition this method overcomes the shortcomings of transhipment-method, makes the “poor” devices hibernate longer than hibernation-method to reduce cost of service more effectively, and discovers resources faster than hibernation-method; under the best condition it is far better than hibernation-method in all aspects.展开更多
文摘The author proposes here for utilizing ELC （English Language Corpora） as a secondary resource for developing ELT （English Language Teaching） materials for teaching English to Indian learners. We argue for using ELC as one of the most authentic representative collections of modem English language from where we extract necessary linguistic data, information, and examples to develop basic as well as additional resources of ELT, such as, text books, reference materials, syllabuses, grammar books, dictionaries, and terminology databases, etc., for Indian learners. Keeping the requirements of individual learners in mind we propose to customize materials to make these maximally useful within the broader scheme of CALT （Computer Assisted Language Teaching）. In our view, ELT resources developed from ELC are more useful for Indian learners, because ELC represents diversified varieties of usage of modem English in real situations, which Indian learners need to assimilate to be at par with others across the globe. Also ELC-based ELT resources are more interesting and beneficial to Indian learners, if instructors carefully utilize these resources keeping in mind the requirements of learners. If Indian ELT learners want to compete in global frame, then utilization of ELC-based ELT resources is the most useful solution, which we can ignore at the cost of our own peril.
文摘The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？
文摘Reducing cost of service is an important goal for resource discovery and interaction technologies. The shortcomings of transhipment-method and hibernation-method are to increase holistic cost of service and to slower resource discovery respectively. To overcome these shortcomings, a context-aware computing-based method is developed. This method, firstly, analyzes the courses of devices using resource discovery and interaction technologies to identify some types of context related to reducing cost of service, then, chooses effective methods such as stopping broadcast and hibernation to reduce cost of service according to information supplied by the context but not the transhipment-method’s simple hibernations. The results of experiments indicate that under the worst condition this method overcomes the shortcomings of transhipment-method, makes the “poor” devices hibernate longer than hibernation-method to reduce cost of service more effectively, and discovers resources faster than hibernation-method; under the best condition it is far better than hibernation-method in all aspects.
