粉煤灰制备聚硫酸铝铁混凝剂及处理乳品废水的效果

以铝铁的溶出率为评价指标,衡量直接酸溶、添加助溶剂酸溶和碱熔焙烧后再酸溶等三种方法提取粉煤灰中金属元素的能力。结果表明,试验条件下,碱熔焙烧后再酸溶效果最好,溶出液中Al、Fe浓度分别为5 734 mg/L、2 336 mg/L,相应溶出率为15.5%、26.4%。利用溶出液通过慢速加碱法可制取聚硫酸铝铁混凝剂,对乳品废水的COD_(Cr)去除率为57.5%,SS去除率为93.1%。

CoFeMg氧化物纳米晶Fenton-降解亚甲基蓝的反应动力学

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CoFeMg氧化物纳米晶,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征样品形貌,考察亚甲基蓝催化剂与H2O2的协同降解作用.采用稳态近似法研究氧化降解亚甲基蓝的动力学过程.结果表明:CoFeMg氧化物纳米晶和H2O2组成的Fenton反应体系可有效降解亚甲基蓝,当催化剂和H2O2的加入量分别为0.8g/L和2mmol/L,初始pH≈7.15时,亚甲基蓝的降解率为95%;与传统的Fenton反应体系相比,溶出铁的质量浓度降低为0.2mg/L;Fenton反应是羟基自由基(·OH)氧化降解有机物的过程,其反应可近似为二级动力学反应.

FeCoCa氧化物纳米晶的制备及芬顿降解亚甲基蓝的性能分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe Co Ca三种元素的氧化物纳米晶。采用XRD,SEM对催化剂进行表征,同时研究了亚甲基蓝催化剂与H2O2的协同降解作用。结果表明:Fe Co Ca氧化物纳米晶和H2O2组成的Fenton反应可以有效地降解亚甲基蓝溶液;当铁钴钙三种元素的摩尔比例为1∶1.5∶3.5,催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L,过氧化氢投加量为0.7m L,初始p H值为6.80,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到93%;与传统Fenton反应体系相比,溶出铁的量降低到0.18 mg/L。

酸浸粉煤灰制备复合混凝剂及其处理生活污水的效果研究

研究了以粉煤灰和H2SO4为原料,常温常压下搅拌反应制备复合混凝剂的方法,考查了酸种类、酸浓度、酸灰比、搅拌时间等因素对Fe3+、Al3+溶出效果和生活污水混凝效果的影响.结果表明,酸灰比5 mL/g、浓度2 mol/L的H2SO4溶液与粉煤灰搅拌4 h并静置30 min后制得的混凝剂,其中Fe3+的浓度为0.0108 mol/L,溶出率为11.4%;Al3+的浓度为0.0354 mol/L,溶出率为4.3%;对生活污水的COD去除率70.4%,SS去除率91.9%,与市售聚合混凝剂效果相当,是一种有开发利用价值的水处理剂.

Conversion of ferric oxide to magnetite by hydrothermal reduction in Bayer digestion process

Digesting aluminum-bearing minerals and converting ferric oxide to magnetite simultaneously in Bayer digestion process is crucially important to deal with high-iron diasporic bauxite economically for alumina production.The reaction behaviors of hydrothermal reduction of ferric oxide in alkali solution were studied by both thermodynamic calculation and experimental investigation.The thermodynamic calculation indicates that Fe3O4 can be formed by the conversion of Fe2O3 at proper redox potentials in alkaline solution.The experimental results show that the formation ratio of Fe3O4 either through the reaction of Fe and Fe2O3 or through the reaction of Fe and H2O in alkaline aqueous solution increases remarkably with raising the temperature and alkali concentration,suggesting that Fe（OH）3- and Fe（OH）4- form by dissolving Fe and Fe2O3,respectively,in alkaline aqueous solution and further react to form Fe3O4.Moreover,aluminate ions have little influence on the hydrothermal reduction of Fe2O3 in alkaline aqueous solution,and converting iron minerals to magnetite can be realized in the Bayer digestion process of diasporic bauxite.

Preparation of ammonium jarosite from clinker digestion solution of nickel oxide ore roasted using(NH_4 )_2SO_4

To obtain the appropriate conditions for eliminating Fe3＋from NiSO4 solution, the digestion solution of the clinker was used as raw material, which was obtained from roasting the nickel oxide ore with （NH4）2SO4. The ammonium jarosite was successfully synthesized from the solution with analytic grade NH4HCO3. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, end pH value of reaction on the removal rate of iron were investigated, and the effect of the initial concentration of Fe3＋was also discussed. All of those factors had significant effects on the removal rate of Fe3＋, among which the reaction temperature was the most prominent. The appropriate reaction conditions were concluded as follows： reaction temperature 95 ℃ reaction time 3.5 h, end pH value of reaction 2.5 at initial concentration of Fe3＋19.36 g/L. The physical aspect of （NH4）2Fe6（SO4）4（OH）12 was cluster figure composed of sheet or prismatic particles with smooth surface.

Effects of Acidiphilium cryptum on biosolubilization of rock phosphate in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The bioleaching of pyrite and biosolubilization of rock phosphate （RP） in 9K basal salts medium were compared by the following strains of an autotrophic acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a heterotrophic acidophilic bacterium, Acidiphilium cryptum, and mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum. The results show that A. cryptum is effective in enhancing the bioleaching of pyrite and biosolubilization of RP in the presence of At. ferrooxidans, although it could not oxidize pyrite and solubilize RP by itself. This effect is demonstrated experimentally that A. cryptum enhances a decrease in pH and an increase in redox potential, concentration of total soluble iron and planktonic part bacterial number in the broth during pyrite bioleaching processes by At. ferrooxidans. The mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum leads to the most extensive soluble phosphate released at 30 °C. Pulp density exceeding 3% is shown to adversely influence the release of soluble phosphate by the consortium of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum. It is essential to add pyrite to the 9K basal salts medium for the biosolubilization of RP by the mixed culture of At. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum, and the percentage of soluble phosphate released is the greatest when the mass ratio of RP to pyrite is 1：2 or 1：3.

Transformation of hematite in diasporic bauxite during reductive Bayer digestion and recovery of iron

The reductive Bayer digestion by using iron powder as reductant is proposed to convert hematite to magnetite and further to dissociate iron minerals from sodium aluminosilicate hydrate(desilication product,DSP)based on the differences of their surface properties.The results show that the differences of surface properties between magnetite and DSP in zeta potential,wettability and solvation trend facilitate magnetite to agglomerate,grow up and thus to dissociate from DSP.The increments of reductant amount and alkali concentration favor the transformation of hematite in digestion with the relative alumina recovery of98.91%.Processing the resultant red mud can obtain qualified iron concentrate with iron grade of approximate60%and recovery of about86%through magnetic separation,resulting in reduction of red mud emission higher than70%.The results are potential to develop a novel technology for processing high iron diasporic bauxite efficiently and provide references for comprehensive utilization of high iron red mud.

Leaching kinetics of acid-soluble Cr(Ⅵ) from chromite ore processing residue with hydrofluoric acid

Leaching kinetics of acid-soluble Cr（VI） in chromite ore processing residue （COPR） using hydrofluoric （HF） acid solution as a leaching agent was investigated for potential remediation of COPR with industrial waste water containing HF. The results show that HF can effectively destabilize the Cr（VI）-bearing minerals, resulting in the mobilization of Cr（VI） from COPR into the leachate. Particle size significantly influences the leaching of acid-soluble Cr（VI） from COPR, followed by leaching time, whereas the effects of HF concentration and leaching temperature are slight and the influence of stirring rate is negligible. The leaching process of acid-soluble Cr（VI） from COPR is controlled by the diffusion through the product layer. The apparent activation energy is 8.696 kJ/mol and the reaction orders with respect to HF concentration and particle size is 0.493 8 and -2.013 3, respectively.

Dissolution kinetics of aluminum and iron from coal mining waste by hydrochloric acid

The extrartion of aluminum from coal mining waste(CMW) is an important industrial process.The two major problems in applications are low aluminum dissolution efficiency and high iron content in the raw material,which affect the quantity and quality of products.To improve the aluminum recovery process,the leaching kinetics of CMW with hydrochloric acid was studied.A shrinking core model was used to investigate aluminum and iron dissolution kinetics.Based on the kinetic characteristics,a process for recovering aluminum was proposed and tested experimentally.It is found that the aluminum leaching reaction is controlled by surface reaction at low temperatures(40-80℃) and by diffusion process at higher temperatures(90-106℃).The iron dissolution process is dominated by surface reaction at 40-100℃.The results show that iron could be dissolved or separated by concentrated hydrochloric acid.Fine grinding will improve aluminum dissolution significantly.

Recovery of iron and rare earth elements from red mud through an acid leaching-stepwise extraction approach

A feasible approach to selectively recover iron and rare earth elements(REEs)from red mud through acid leaching-coordination-solvent extraction was proposed.The leaching efficiencies of Fe,Al,Ti,Sc,La,Ce,Nd and Y can reach up to 95.9%,82.1%,68.3%,93.3%,82.3%,96.9%,98.3%and 95.6%,respectively,under the optimal condition in the leaching process.Aliquat 336 showed excellent extraction performance of iron in chloride-rich solution,and the maximum extraction efficiency can reach over 96%in one time extraction while the loss of other metals was less than 10%,under the condition of Aliquat 336 concentration(v/v)of 30%,aqueous-organic ratio of 1.0 and extraction time of 20 min.Furthermore,P204 can effectively extract the scandium while Al and most other REEs remain in the aqueous phase.This approach may provide a new insight for the recovery of valuable resources from red mud.

Effects of organic acids on dissolution of Fe and Mn from weathering coal gangue

Understanding the effects of organic acids （OA） on the transformation of Fe and Mn to surface water from the weathering coal gangue is of great benefit to risk assessment and remediation strategies for contaminated water and soil. Based on the investigation on surface water in the central coal districts of the Guizhou Province, 18 water samples were collected for heavy metal analysis. The results indicated that the pH value of surface water is low （3.11-4.92）, and Fe concentration （1.31-5.55 mg L-1） and Mn concentration （1.90-5.71 mg L^-1） were, on average, 10.86 and 34.33 times the limit of Surface Water Quality Standards, respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of the OA on the dissolution of Fe and Mn from the weath- ering coal gangue, column elution and batch leaching experiments were conducted. The results show that the low molecular weight of organic acids （LMWOAs, i.e., oxalic, tartaric, malic and citric acids） and fulvic acids signifi- cantly accelerated the dissolution of Fe and Mn; in addi- tion, when the concentration of OA reached 25 mmol L-1, the concentrations of Fe, and Mn were 1.14-67.08 and 1.11-2.32 times as high as those in 0.5 mmol L-1OA, respectively. Furthermore, the migration of Fe and Mn was significantly influenced by the pH and Eh, especially for Fe; the ion Mn was dissolved from the gangue more easily than the ion Fe in the column leaching, which was contrary to the results of batch leaching.

Stepwise dissolution of chalcopyrite bioleaching by thermophile A.manzaensis and mesophile L. ferriphilum

Chalcopyrite dissolution was evaluated by bioleaching and electrochemical experiments with thermophile A. manzaensis（Acidianus manzaensis） and mesophile L. ferriphilum（Leptospirillum ferriphium） cultures at 65 ℃ and 40 ℃, respectively. It was investigated that the bioleaching of chalcopyrite was stepwise. It was reduced to Cu2 S at a lower redox potential locating in the whole bioleaching process by A. manzaensis at high temperature while only at initial days of bioleaching by L. ferriphilum at a relative low temperature. No reduced product was detected when the redox potential was beyond a high level（e.g., 550 m V（vs SCE）） bioleached by L. ferriphilum. Chalcopyrite bioleaching efficiency was substantially improved bioleached by A. manaensis compared to that by L. ferriphilum, which was mainly attributed to the reduction reaction occurring during bioleaching. The reductive intermediate Cu2 S was more amenable to oxidation than chalcopyrite, causing enhanced copper extraction.

Effects of Surfactant on Zinc Recovery by Solvent Extraction during Leaching in HCl-FeCl_3 Solution

The effects of surfactant on the solvent extraction in leachingsphalerite were investigated. It is found that sodium dodecylsulfonate is the effective surfactant in improving the zinc recoveryfrom sphalerite in the aqueous FeCl_3-HCl-tetrachloroethylene system.Through the measurements of surface tension and viscosity of thesphalerite Slurry modified with different surfactants, it isconcluded that sodium dodecyl sulfonate in the concentration rang Of0.05 to 0.2 g·L^-1 can improve the viscosity of sphalerite slurry inthe water, decrease the surface tension of Leaching solution, preventthe aggregation of ore particles, and give very high zinc extraction.

Bioleaching of soluble phosphorus from rock phosphate containing pyrite with DES-induced Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The effects of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At. f) mutated with diethyl sulfate(DES) as a mutagen on the bioleaching of soluble phosphorus(P) from rock phosphate(RP) were investigated. The results show that the oxidative activity of At. f is greatly improved by 1.0%(volume fraction) of DES. Correspondingly,the highest leaching rate of soluble P is also obtained to be 14.9% by the At. f mutated,which is 85.8% higher than that of the adapted At. f without mutation. In addition,the SEM images are significantly performed that the corrosion of RP residue surfaces leached by 1.0% DES-induced At.f is much worse than that of leached by the adapted At. f. All the above indicate that the leaching efficiency of soluble P from RP with pyrite can be greatly improved by using DES-induced At. f to a certain extent.