2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine is a crucial intermediate of pesticides.Its solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies.The solubilities of 2-chlo...2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine is a crucial intermediate of pesticides.Its solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies.The solubilities of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,trichloromethane and toluene at different temperatures were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and Wilson equation.The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental values.展开更多
This paper proposes a modified operation mode of batch extractive distillation with two reboilers. The seoaration of ethanol and water using as ethylene glycol is well done to validate the feasibility, of this mode. T...This paper proposes a modified operation mode of batch extractive distillation with two reboilers. The seoaration of ethanol and water using as ethylene glycol is well done to validate the feasibility, of this mode. The pilot-plant experimental data under the identical operational conditions between the regular mode and the modified mode are in particular discussed. The studied results prove more practical advantages of tile.modified mode over the regular mode such as easier operation control, more flexibility and higher separation efficiency etc. So it suppues certain guidance for the industrial application of batch extractive distillation process.展开更多
Using a simple and reliable apparatus, the solubilities of adipic acid in water, ethanol, chloroform, n-butanol and acetone are determined by the analytic method. The results are correlated with λh equation, Apelblat...Using a simple and reliable apparatus, the solubilities of adipic acid in water, ethanol, chloroform, n-butanol and acetone are determined by the analytic method. The results are correlated with λh equation, Apelblat equation, and UNIFAC equation. The solubilities calculated by these models are in good agreement with experi-mental data, so that the models can meet the requirements of engineering design.展开更多
The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal dropl...The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal droplets, followed by the formations of desiccation cracks. Two categories of highly ordered crack patterns, which we name ＂daisy＂ and ＂wavy-ring＂, are identified in the drying droplets. We explore the shifting of crack patterns from the ＂daisy＂ to the ＂wavy-ring＂ by varying the concentration of protein droplets. The results show that the concentration correlates with the pattern of deposition film directly, and modulates the periodicity of the crack pattern. We investigate the formations and periodicities of these two kinds of crack patterns, and obtain the scaling law of periodicity of the ＂wavy-ring＂ crack pattern. The relationship between the deposition pattern and the highly ordered crack patterns is also examined. This study will help in understanding the formation mechanisms of crack patterns in drying droplets of protein solutions and assist the future design of crack patterns in practical applications.展开更多
In this work, the intra-EDA method, which is a recently developed energy decomposition analysis scheme for intramolecular non-covalent interaction is extended from gas phase to solvated environment. It is the first an...In this work, the intra-EDA method, which is a recently developed energy decomposition analysis scheme for intramolecular non-covalent interaction is extended from gas phase to solvated environment. It is the first analysis scheme that performs analysis for intramolecular interaction in solution. By fragmentation scheme, a molecule is divided into intramolecular interacting fragments and environmental fragments via single bond homolysis breaking. The solvent effect is taken into account by implicit solvation model. Intramolecular interaction free energy is estimated as the separated treatment of inter-fragment interactions in dielectric environment. The analysis results highlight the importance of solvent effects to intramolecular non-covalent interaction.展开更多
Atomically ordered intermetallic compounds(OICs)have aroused remarkable interests for wide applications and are considered as very promising materials for electrocatalysis owing to the strict stoichiometry,well-define...Atomically ordered intermetallic compounds(OICs)have aroused remarkable interests for wide applications and are considered as very promising materials for electrocatalysis owing to the strict stoichiometry,well-defined atom binding environment,and the specific crystalline phase.However,the tunable synthesis of the intermetallics remains a giant challenge.Herein,this study reports the preparation of the Pd-Sn OICs composed of an interconnected nanowire network structure with adjustable molar ratios of elements Pd and Sn.The co-reduction of Pd(acac)_(2) and SnCl_(2)·2H_(2)O in ethylene glycol(EG)in the presence of sodium hypophosphite(NaH_(2)PO_(2))as the reducing agent affords OICs of three phases:hexagonal Pd_(3)Sn_(2-)P6_(3)/mmc,orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb,and orthorhombic PdSn_(2)-Aba_(2).Also,the pure phase can convert to two mixed phases(Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/PdSn and PdSn/PdSn_(2))by just altering the feed ratio.It is found that orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb OIC has a large electrochemically active surface area(ECSA),excellent electrocatalytic performance(4857 mA mg_(Pd)^(−1)),and outstanding stability toward ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR),which could be attributed to its optimal electronic structure.These results demonstrate that the phase engineering of OICs with desired components is an excellent way for catalysts design.展开更多
Organic fluorophores are indispensible in chemical/biological imaging. The conjugated fluorescent molecules simultaneously possessing highly tunable emission, high quantum yield in solvents of different polarities, an...Organic fluorophores are indispensible in chemical/biological imaging. The conjugated fluorescent molecules simultaneously possessing highly tunable emission, high quantum yield in solvents of different polarities, and large Stokes shift are quite rare. Herein, we report a new category of fluorophores based on diarylated thieno[3,4-b]thiophenes efficiently synthesized by direct C-H arylation reaction. TbT-Fluors showed full-color-tunable emissions with large Stokes shifts. Intriguingly,the fluorescence quantum yields of TbT-Fluors are barely sensitive to solvent polarities, approaching 100%. Based on photophysical and theoretical investigations, we found that the enhanced oscillator strength of the S_1-S_0 transition and increased T2-S1 energy difference can sufficiently compensate the negative effect from the decreased energy gap and increased reorganization energy in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO). Bioimaging applications revealed that some TbT-Fluors can penetrate the cell membrane and are superior for imaging in terms of high photochemical stability and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, TbT-PhF exhibits specific colocalization with mitochondria in living cells.展开更多
文摘2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine is a crucial intermediate of pesticides.Its solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies.The solubilities of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,acetone,trichloromethane and toluene at different temperatures were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and Wilson equation.The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental values.
文摘This paper proposes a modified operation mode of batch extractive distillation with two reboilers. The seoaration of ethanol and water using as ethylene glycol is well done to validate the feasibility, of this mode. The pilot-plant experimental data under the identical operational conditions between the regular mode and the modified mode are in particular discussed. The studied results prove more practical advantages of tile.modified mode over the regular mode such as easier operation control, more flexibility and higher separation efficiency etc. So it suppues certain guidance for the industrial application of batch extractive distillation process.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (0511021700)
文摘Using a simple and reliable apparatus, the solubilities of adipic acid in water, ethanol, chloroform, n-butanol and acetone are determined by the analytic method. The results are correlated with λh equation, Apelblat equation, and UNIFAC equation. The solubilities calculated by these models are in good agreement with experi-mental data, so that the models can meet the requirements of engineering design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1562105,11372313)the Chinese Academy of Sciences through CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Project+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC019)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(Grant No.XDB22040401)
文摘The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal droplets, followed by the formations of desiccation cracks. Two categories of highly ordered crack patterns, which we name ＂daisy＂ and ＂wavy-ring＂, are identified in the drying droplets. We explore the shifting of crack patterns from the ＂daisy＂ to the ＂wavy-ring＂ by varying the concentration of protein droplets. The results show that the concentration correlates with the pattern of deposition film directly, and modulates the periodicity of the crack pattern. We investigate the formations and periodicities of these two kinds of crack patterns, and obtain the scaling law of periodicity of the ＂wavy-ring＂ crack pattern. The relationship between the deposition pattern and the highly ordered crack patterns is also examined. This study will help in understanding the formation mechanisms of crack patterns in drying droplets of protein solutions and assist the future design of crack patterns in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21373165, 21120102035, 21273176, 21290190)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (20720150037)
文摘In this work, the intra-EDA method, which is a recently developed energy decomposition analysis scheme for intramolecular non-covalent interaction is extended from gas phase to solvated environment. It is the first analysis scheme that performs analysis for intramolecular interaction in solution. By fragmentation scheme, a molecule is divided into intramolecular interacting fragments and environmental fragments via single bond homolysis breaking. The solvent effect is taken into account by implicit solvation model. Intramolecular interaction free energy is estimated as the separated treatment of inter-fragment interactions in dielectric environment. The analysis results highlight the importance of solvent effects to intramolecular non-covalent interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172084 and 21773133)the World-Class Discipline Program of Shandong Province,China。
文摘Atomically ordered intermetallic compounds(OICs)have aroused remarkable interests for wide applications and are considered as very promising materials for electrocatalysis owing to the strict stoichiometry,well-defined atom binding environment,and the specific crystalline phase.However,the tunable synthesis of the intermetallics remains a giant challenge.Herein,this study reports the preparation of the Pd-Sn OICs composed of an interconnected nanowire network structure with adjustable molar ratios of elements Pd and Sn.The co-reduction of Pd(acac)_(2) and SnCl_(2)·2H_(2)O in ethylene glycol(EG)in the presence of sodium hypophosphite(NaH_(2)PO_(2))as the reducing agent affords OICs of three phases:hexagonal Pd_(3)Sn_(2-)P6_(3)/mmc,orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb,and orthorhombic PdSn_(2)-Aba_(2).Also,the pure phase can convert to two mixed phases(Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/PdSn and PdSn/PdSn_(2))by just altering the feed ratio.It is found that orthorhombic PdSn-Pnmb OIC has a large electrochemically active surface area(ECSA),excellent electrocatalytic performance(4857 mA mg_(Pd)^(−1)),and outstanding stability toward ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR),which could be attributed to its optimal electronic structure.These results demonstrate that the phase engineering of OICs with desired components is an excellent way for catalysts design.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB643502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB12010200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91333113,21572234)
文摘Organic fluorophores are indispensible in chemical/biological imaging. The conjugated fluorescent molecules simultaneously possessing highly tunable emission, high quantum yield in solvents of different polarities, and large Stokes shift are quite rare. Herein, we report a new category of fluorophores based on diarylated thieno[3,4-b]thiophenes efficiently synthesized by direct C-H arylation reaction. TbT-Fluors showed full-color-tunable emissions with large Stokes shifts. Intriguingly,the fluorescence quantum yields of TbT-Fluors are barely sensitive to solvent polarities, approaching 100%. Based on photophysical and theoretical investigations, we found that the enhanced oscillator strength of the S_1-S_0 transition and increased T2-S1 energy difference can sufficiently compensate the negative effect from the decreased energy gap and increased reorganization energy in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO). Bioimaging applications revealed that some TbT-Fluors can penetrate the cell membrane and are superior for imaging in terms of high photochemical stability and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, TbT-PhF exhibits specific colocalization with mitochondria in living cells.
