一种治疗哮喘复方中药颗粒剂不同制粒工艺的比较

目的比较治哮喘复方中药颗粒剂的3种制剂工艺,评价不同制粒工艺优缺点。方法以外观、流动性、粒径分布、吸湿性和溶化时间为指标评价湿法制粒、流化床一步法制粒,高速剪切制粒3种制粒工艺制得颗粒的优劣。结果流化床一步制粒法制粒工艺简单,制得颗粒的外观、流动性、粒径分布和溶化性均优于湿法制粒和高速剪切制粒,仅吸湿性稍差。结论综合考虑各个指标,3种工艺制得的颗粒中以流化床一步法制得颗粒最好。

Time-Dependent Stokes Shift from Solvent Dielectric Relaxation

The Stokes shift response function, which is related to the time dependent solvation energy, is calculated with the dielectric response function and a novel expression of nonequilibrium solvation energy. In the derivation, relationship between the polarization and the dielectric response function is used. With the dipole-in-a-sphere model applied to the system coumarin 343 and water as the solvent, encouraging agreement with the experimental data from Jimenez et al. is obtained [Nature 369, 471 （1994）].

Removal of Orthophosphate from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Zeolite

This study was focused on orthophosphate adsorption on natural zeolite which was obtained from South of Thailand and has been carried out by Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid （VMPA） and using spectrophotometry technique. The phosphate solution were prepared artificially by adding certain quantities of KH2PO4 in water at the initial orthophosphate concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L. While the adsorbent quantity was 1g of natural zeolite per 50 mL, aqueous solution NaOH IN and HCI IN solutions were used as pH regulators. The effect of equilibrium pH, adsorbent mass and contact time was studied. The results showed that natural zeolite adsorption efficiency was 99.18%, 99.33% and 99.02% （5, 10 and 20 mg/L）, respectively, at pH of 12 and a contact time of 30 minutes at 298 K. Moreover, the isotherm can be used to evaluate the capacity and nature of the interaction between a sorbent and a sorbate. This work considers the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Based on the R2 of adsorption isotherm studies, the adsorption data for phosphate fitted well the Freundlich isotherm for natural zeolite （R^2=0.99）, with multi-layer adsorption. The results are in good agreement with recent experimentl data.

Leaching kinetics of molybdenum from Ni-Mo ore in sulfuric acid solution with sodium peroxodisulfate as oxidant

The leaching kinetics of molybdenum from Ni-Mo ore in sulfuric acid solution with sodium peroxodisulfate was studied.The effects including leaching temperature, reaction time, particle size, stirring speed, and concentrations of sulfuric acid and sodium peroxodisulfate were investigated. The leaching process of molybdenum from Ni-Mo ore is controlled by the chemical reaction through the solid layer across the unreacted shrinking core. The apparent activation energy of the leaching of molybdenum is calculated to be 41.0 k J/mol and the leaching kinetics equation of molybdenum from Ni-Mo ore is expressed as1-(1-a)1/3=3405.7exp[-41030.0/(RT)]t.

The Effect of Coal Fly Ash Treatment with NaOH on the Characters and Adsorption Capacity toward Pb（Ⅱ） in the Solution

Coal fly ash （CFA） generated by coal-based thermal power plants is mainly composed of some oxides having high crystallinity, including quartz and mullite. In this study, the effect of CFA crystallinity toward its capacity on Pb（Ⅱ） adsorption was investigated. CFA with various crystaUinity was obtanied by refluxing it with sodium hydroxide （NaOH） solution having various concentrations （1-7 M） at various temperature and reflux time. To evaluate the effect of crystallinity of treated CFA on the adsorption capacity, adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） solution with treated CFA was carried out. The research shows that the reflux of CFA with NaOH solution leads to the crystallinity of quartz and mullite in CFA decreased. The decrease is proportional with the concentration increasing, the temperature elevation, and the longer time. The reflux using NaOH solution with high concentration （〉 3 M） in addition causes a decrease in the crystallinity of quartz and mullite, also results in the formation of hydroxysodalite. The decrease of the CFA crystalllinity gives an increase in CFA adsorption capacity toward Pb（Ⅱ） solution.

Transformation Pathway of Carbonate Pedofeatures Based on Their Micromorhology and Carbon Isotope Data in the Northern Caucasus Region,Russia

Carbonate pedofeatures (CPs) in a chronosequence of paleosols buried under kurgans in the Northern Caucasus region of Russia in a period from the end of the 4th to the middle of the 5th centuries AD (It seams that there is no time left) were studied by using a set of morphological and isotopic methods. The CPs in chernozem-type soils of Russia are usually represented by crystallomorphic calcite whereas the non-segregated carbonates occurred at the same horizons-by collomorphic one. Those two morphotypes of calcite have the differences in elemental composition and isotopic composition of carbon and, hence, should have different origins-from true and colloidal solutions, respectively. The same differences including radiocarbon age have been revealed for pseudomycelium of the ABca horizon of the youngest paleosols as compared with the same CPs of other paleosols in the chronosequence studied. Our assumption is that it was succeeded in finding that the pseudomycelium right away after its precipitation from a colloidal solution migrated from the lower soil horizons to the surface horizons during the periods of climatic aridization. After a short time interval (not more than 25-50 years) collomorphic calcite in the pseudomicelium of the yongest paleosols mentioned above will likely become by "usual" acicular calcite.

Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

SCC （stress corrosion cracking） is environmentally well-known as a failure caused by exposure to a corroding while under a sustained tensile stress. SCC is most often rapid, unpredictable. Failure can occur in a short time as a few hours or take years and decades to happen. Most alloys are liable to SCC in one or more environments requiring careful consideration of alloy type in component design. In aqueous chloride environments austenitic stainless steels and many nickel based alloys are common to perform poorly. SCC of austenitic stainless steels of types 316 was investigated as a function of applied stress at room temperature in sodium chloride solutions using a constant load method. The experiment uses a spring loaded fixture type and is based on ASTM G49 for experiment method, and E292 for geometry of notched specimen. The stress depends on fracture appearance and parameters of time to cracking, and cracking growth. The results explained in terms of comparison between the two concentrations of sodium chloride solutions.

Hygrothermal Response of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Composites

The effects of moist and temperature response of coconut fibre reinforced composite have been studied. Tensile and compression tests for samples immersed in 12.5 g/dm3 sodium hydroxide solution and without sodium hydroxide solution were performed using a universal testing machine （Monsanto tensometer）. The results from the tensile test indicate that stress is fairly proportional to strain. However, the tensile strength increases （reduction in strain）, as the soaking time increases for the treated composites. The untreated samples demonstrate reduced tensile strength compared to the treated composites under hygrothermal conditions. The conditioned samples in each case show better tensile and compressive strength compared to the untreated samples. The plant coconut fibres investigated demonstrate acceptable mechanical properties similar to the synthetic counterparts.

苯甲酸利扎曲普坦速溶膜剂的研制及体内外评价

以拉伸性能和溶化时间为指标筛选处方，制备了以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和玉米淀粉为成膜材料的苯甲酸利扎曲普坦速溶膜剂，并进行体内外评价。采用不同方法测定溶化时间，结果均表明其体外溶化迅速，并在Beagle犬口中能在20S内完全溶化。使用桨法和漏槽式溶出仪法测定其体外溶出特性，结果均显示40～45S时的溶出率达80％以上，1min内完全溶解。鉴于膜剂的独特性质，以溶出度来评价速溶膜的溶化性能更为科学，其中漏槽式溶出仪法重现性更好、区分力更大，适合膜剂体外溶出性能的评价。Beagle犬体内药动学试验结果表明，口服自制速溶膜剂与灌胃同剂量的苯甲酸利扎曲普坦溶液具有相似的药动学性质，本品的相对生物利用度为（97．5±11．4）％。

Z-综合评分法优化葛粉速溶颗粒制备工艺

目的:探讨和优化葛粉速溶颗粒的制备工艺。方法:采用正交试验,选取糖粉-葛粉比例、泡打粉-葛粉比例、干燥温度为考察因素,以颗粒溶化时间和颗粒中总黄酮含量为指标,用Z-综合分析法优选制备工艺。按优选工艺制备3批样品,考察其性状、水分含量、溶化性及糊化试验等。Al(NO3)3显色法测定总黄酮含量。结果:最佳制备工艺为等量递增法往研钵中依次加入泡打粉1.2 g,糊精1.8 g,糖粉24 g和葛粉33 g混合均匀,加约5 mL温水(35～40℃)混匀,捏成团块状,在35℃环境下放置40 min,使其内部充满多而密的孔洞,体积膨大,质地松软,挤压过筛(10～14目),60℃干燥40 min,整粒,即得葛粉速溶颗粒。制得3批样品,大小均匀,呈乳白色,色泽一致,无吸潮、结块、潮解现象,溶化性试验合格,85℃左右热水冲溶全部糊化。颗粒水分含量<6.0%,总黄酮含量0.327 mg.g-1。结论:葛粉速溶颗粒的制备工艺简便可行、稳定,总黄酮含量测定方法可用于其质量评价。

Seasonal Variability of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Under Arable Land

Carbon fractions in soils apparently vary not only in space, but also over time. A lack of knowledge on the seasonal variability of labile carbon fractions under arable land hampers the reliability and comparability of soil organic carbon(SOC) surveys from different studies. Therefore, we studied the seasonal variability of two SOC fractions, particulate organic matter(POM) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC), under maize cropping: POM was determined as the SOC content in particle-size fractions, and DOC was measured as the water-extractable SOC(WESOC) of air-dried soil. Ammonium, nitrate, and water-extractable nitrogen were measured as potential regulating factors of WESOC formation because carbon and nitrogen cycles in soils are strongly connected. There was a significant annual variation of WESOC(coefficient of variation(CV) = 30%). Temporal variations of SOC in particle-size fractions were smaller than those of WESOC. The stocks of SOC in particle-size fractions decreased with decreasing particle sizes, exhibiting a CV of 20%for the coarse sand-size fraction(250–2 000 μm), of 9% for the fine sand-size fraction(50–250 μm), and of 5% for the silt-size fraction(20–50 μm). The WESOC and SOC in particle-size fractions both peaked in March and reached the minimum in May/June and August, respectively. These results indicate the importance of the time of soil sampling during the course of a year, especially when investigating WESOC.