【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供...【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供依据。【方法】以水(W)、丙三醇(G)和二碘甲烷(DM)为检测液,借助接触角测量仪测定其在3种辣椒叶片上的稳定接触角后,分别采用Wu调和平均数法(HM)、Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble法(OWRK)、Van-Oss-Chaudhury-Good法(OCG)以及ZDY法计算叶片的表面自由能及其分量并进行比较,同时对辣椒叶面的溶解度系数进行分析。【结果】水在苏紫1号和GR甜椒叶片上表现出较好的润湿性(θ<90°),而在苏椒13叶片上的润湿性一般(θ>90°)。在估测辣椒叶片表面表观自由能的4种方法中,OCG法采用3种检测液进行分析,较其他方法获得的辣椒叶面特征物理量较多,3种辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量所占百分率(>85%)均高于极性分量(<15%)。采用2种检测液的方法为HM法和OWRK法,当2种检测液均为极性(W-G)时,辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量和极性分量所占百分率变化较大,甚至相反;当2种检测液为极性和非极性组合(W-DM或G-DM)时,以OCG法计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值为基准,OWRK法计算获得的数值比HM法获得的数值偏差要小。采用1种检测液的方法为ZDY法,计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值远高于其他3种方法,比OCG法获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值偏差均>100%。以OCG法为基准,偏差在10%以内,苏紫1号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.72—43.11 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.89—22.77 m J1/2·m-3/2;GR甜椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.53—40.95 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.81—20.09 m J1/2·m-3/2;苏椒13号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为33.21—36.92 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为17.17—18.58 m J1/2·m-3/2。【结论】以水、丙三醇和二碘甲烷为检测液,ZDY法不适用计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能;HM法、OWRK法、OCG法可用来计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能,其中HM法和OWRK法应注重选择检测液组合的极性问题。同时,3种辣椒叶面表面自由能的非极性分量的比率均高于极性分量的比率。展开更多
Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to...Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to experimental data obtained from the quartz crystal microbalance but much higher than those from the time-lag method. This discrepancy is explained by using the dual-mode sorption model. It is found that oxygen sorption in PLA is predominantly Langmuir type controlled, i.e., through the process of filling holes. The time-lag method only takes into account oxygen molecules that participate the diffusion process whereas a large proportion of oxygen molecules trapped in the void have little chance to execute hopping due to the glassy nature of PLA at room temperature. The simulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen is reasonably close to the data obtained from the time-lag method. The solubility coefficient of oxygen decreases linearly with increasing relative humidity while its diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as a function of relative humidity.展开更多
The recovery or capture of one or more components from gas mixture by membrane separation has become a research focus in recent years.This study investigates the gas-membrane solution equilibrium,for which Henry's...The recovery or capture of one or more components from gas mixture by membrane separation has become a research focus in recent years.This study investigates the gas-membrane solution equilibrium,for which Henry's law is not applicable if the gas phase is a mixture.This problem can be solved by using UNIQUAC model to calculate the activity coefficient of gas dissolved in the membrane.A method was proposed in this study to obtain the gas-membrane interaction parameter for UNIQUAC model.By the experiments of gas permeation through polydimethylsiloxane PDMS membrane,the solubility coefficients of some gases(N2,CO2,CH4) were measured.Through non-linear fitting UNIQUAC model to the experimental results from this study and in literature(H2,O2,C3H8),the gas-membrane interaction parameters for these gases were obtained.Based on these parameters,the activity coefficients of the dissolved gas were calculated by UNIQUAC model,and their values agree well with the experimental data.These results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,which makes it possible to better predict gas-membrane solution equilibrium.展开更多
文摘【目的】农用化学品叶面喷雾的效率与植物叶面理化性能的复杂性密切相关。为了更好地理解农用化学品喷雾液与植物叶面内在结构的界面互作效应,本研究以辣椒叶片为例从热力学角度出发寻求其内在的关联性,以期为植株上农药的高效使用提供依据。【方法】以水(W)、丙三醇(G)和二碘甲烷(DM)为检测液,借助接触角测量仪测定其在3种辣椒叶片上的稳定接触角后,分别采用Wu调和平均数法(HM)、Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble法(OWRK)、Van-Oss-Chaudhury-Good法(OCG)以及ZDY法计算叶片的表面自由能及其分量并进行比较,同时对辣椒叶面的溶解度系数进行分析。【结果】水在苏紫1号和GR甜椒叶片上表现出较好的润湿性(θ<90°),而在苏椒13叶片上的润湿性一般(θ>90°)。在估测辣椒叶片表面表观自由能的4种方法中,OCG法采用3种检测液进行分析,较其他方法获得的辣椒叶面特征物理量较多,3种辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量所占百分率(>85%)均高于极性分量(<15%)。采用2种检测液的方法为HM法和OWRK法,当2种检测液均为极性(W-G)时,辣椒叶片表观表面自由能的非极性分量和极性分量所占百分率变化较大,甚至相反;当2种检测液为极性和非极性组合(W-DM或G-DM)时,以OCG法计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值为基准,OWRK法计算获得的数值比HM法获得的数值偏差要小。采用1种检测液的方法为ZDY法,计算获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值远高于其他3种方法,比OCG法获得辣椒叶面表观表面自由能的数值偏差均>100%。以OCG法为基准,偏差在10%以内,苏紫1号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.72—43.11 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.89—22.77 m J1/2·m-3/2;GR甜椒叶面表观表面自由能为37.53—40.95 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为18.81—20.09 m J1/2·m-3/2;苏椒13号辣椒叶面表观表面自由能为33.21—36.92 m J·m^(-2),溶解度系数为17.17—18.58 m J1/2·m-3/2。【结论】以水、丙三醇和二碘甲烷为检测液,ZDY法不适用计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能;HM法、OWRK法、OCG法可用来计算辣椒叶片表观表面自由能,其中HM法和OWRK法应注重选择检测液组合的极性问题。同时,3种辣椒叶面表面自由能的非极性分量的比率均高于极性分量的比率。
基金Supported by Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-07-0313）, the National Natural Science Foun- dation of China （20706019, 20876052）, Guangdong Science Foundation （$2011010002078）.
文摘Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to experimental data obtained from the quartz crystal microbalance but much higher than those from the time-lag method. This discrepancy is explained by using the dual-mode sorption model. It is found that oxygen sorption in PLA is predominantly Langmuir type controlled, i.e., through the process of filling holes. The time-lag method only takes into account oxygen molecules that participate the diffusion process whereas a large proportion of oxygen molecules trapped in the void have little chance to execute hopping due to the glassy nature of PLA at room temperature. The simulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen is reasonably close to the data obtained from the time-lag method. The solubility coefficient of oxygen decreases linearly with increasing relative humidity while its diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as a function of relative humidity.
文摘The recovery or capture of one or more components from gas mixture by membrane separation has become a research focus in recent years.This study investigates the gas-membrane solution equilibrium,for which Henry's law is not applicable if the gas phase is a mixture.This problem can be solved by using UNIQUAC model to calculate the activity coefficient of gas dissolved in the membrane.A method was proposed in this study to obtain the gas-membrane interaction parameter for UNIQUAC model.By the experiments of gas permeation through polydimethylsiloxane PDMS membrane,the solubility coefficients of some gases(N2,CO2,CH4) were measured.Through non-linear fitting UNIQUAC model to the experimental results from this study and in literature(H2,O2,C3H8),the gas-membrane interaction parameters for these gases were obtained.Based on these parameters,the activity coefficients of the dissolved gas were calculated by UNIQUAC model,and their values agree well with the experimental data.These results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,which makes it possible to better predict gas-membrane solution equilibrium.
