对岩盐矿石溶解和卤水浓度控制的浅见

对岩盐矿石溶解和岩盐水采卤井建槽期卤水浓度控制问题,提出笔者浅见与同行共同探讨。

不同矿石对反渗透淡化水的调质效果研究（英文）

反渗透海水淡化已成为解决淡水危机的一种有效方法,但反渗透淡化水的化学稳定性差,使用过程中会腐蚀管网,作为饮用水存在一定的健康风险.采用溶解矿石法对反渗透淡化水的水质进行调节.对麦饭石、白云石、石灰石、进口矿石的理化性能(包括成分、物相组成、孔隙率及孔径分布、表面形态)进行了分析,并在此基础上对比分析了4种矿石对反渗透淡化水的调质效果.结果表明,进口矿石经人为加工后孔隙增多,溶出速率明显变快,调质后出水的硬度、碱度、Mg2+质量分数均高出其他3种原矿石50%以上,但其出水pH值过高,Ca2+质量分数低于石灰石,与自来水相比仍有一定差距,未来应致力于研制一种比表面积大、溶解速率快、无需对淡化水酸化而直接调质的调质剂.

基于天然矿化材料的淡化海水再矿化实验研究

根据海水淡化反渗透出水水质低硬度和腐蚀性特征,利用CO_(2)酸化淡化海水溶解天然矿化材料(麦饭石、电气石和扇贝壳),进行再矿化处理,提高淡化海水的水质稳定性。研究pH值、进水流量和三种矿化材料组合对矿化效果的影响。结果表明,随着pH和进水流量的降低,矿化效果明显提高。在pH值为4.3、进水流量为30 L/h的条件下,随着麦饭石和扇贝壳的增加,添加少量的电气石,可以提高矿化出水的硬度、碱度、偏硅酸和锶溶出量。矿化产水经NaOH调质后,出水水质达到基本稳定状态,满足市政管网的供水要求,为淡化海水再矿化工艺中矿化材料的选择及组合提供了新的思路。

Effect of surface dissolution on flotation separation of fine ilmenite from titanaugite

The influence of surface dissolution on flotation separation of fine ilmenite from titanaugite was investigated through infrared spectroscopic （FT-IR） analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） test. The results show that surface dissolution in weak acid solution is helpful to enlarge the floatability difference between ilmenite and titanaugite. In weak acidic solution, as sodium oleate mainly interacts with Fe which results in ilmenite flotation, and surface dissolution is beneficial to its oxidation, the floatability of ilmenite after surface dissolution is increased; meanwhile, sodium oleate interacts with Ca and Mg which results in titanangite flotation, and the quantities of Ca and Mg on the surface of titanautite are decreased due to the surface dissolution, so the floatability of titanaugite after surface dissolution is depressed. For an ilmenite ore obtained from Panzhihua with TiO2 grade of 8.41%, flotation after surface dissolution treatment could increase TiO2 grade of rough concentrate from 26.7% to 31.73 %.

超洁净煤炭制备研究

采用化学脱灰法对不同煤炭进行处理,在强碱性环境下将高岭土等矿石溶解后,再用酸将方解石、白云石等矿石溶解,将煤中的灰分逐步洗脱,制备出干基灰分<1%的超洁净煤,并通过5种不同的原料煤,对该制备工艺进行探索优化,形成一种通用型的煤炭化学脱灰工艺,同时对碱液循环提出了一种合理的方法。

Microbial Solubilization of Phosphorus from Nano Rock Phosphate

Phosphorus （P） is a major growth-limiting nutrient, and unlike the case of nitrogen （N）, there is no large atmospheric source that can be made biologically available. Moreover, P governs crucial role in plant as it stimulates root development and growth, gives plant rapid and vigorous start leading to better tillering and essential for many metabolic processes for seed formation. Soil microbes play very important role in bio-weathering and biodegradation. The microorganisms produce low molecular mass organic acids, which attack the phosphate structure and transform phosphorus from non-utilizable to the utilizable for the plants form. The test of the relative efficiency of isolated strains is carried out by selecting the microorganisms that are capable of producing a halo/clear zone on a plate owing to the production of organic acids into the surrounding medium. It is a well-known fact that as the particle size of rock phosphate decreases, the microbe mediated solubilization of rock phosphate increases in soil. In the present investigation, microbial solubilization of nano rock phosphate （〈 100 nm） particles was studied. Experimental results revealed that Pseudomonas striata solubilized 11.45% of the total P after 24 h of incubation from nano rock phosphate particles while 28.95% and 21.19% of the total P was solubilized by Aspergillus niger （black pigmented） and Aspergillus niger （green pigmented）, respectively. It was also observed that Aspergillus niger has the higher ability to dissolve Udaipur rock phosphate than Pseudomonas striata.

在表面活性剂驱中木质素磺酸盐作为吸附牺牲剂的评价

对在表面活性剂驱过程中木质素磺酸盐作为牺牲剂的可行性进行了研究。该技术是基于高效液相色谱 (HPLC)分析 ,来测定木质素磺酸盐和石油磺酸盐的浓度。建立木质素磺酸盐和石油磺酸盐的吸附等温线来评价木质素磺酸盐的牺牲效果。开发了一个用来描述在木质素磺酸盐存在下的离子交换的简单模型 ,这个模型中包含了阳离子与木质素磺酸盐的联系。本项研究的主要结果有四个方面。第一 ,用木质素磺酸盐预冲洗处理孔隙介质 ,可以显著地降低表面活性剂的损失 (降低量大于 50 % ) ,然而 ,当木质素磺酸盐与表面活性剂段塞混合在一起时 ,表面活性剂损失的降低就很少。第二 ,在木质素磺酸盐存在时有更多的阳离子从岩石上进行交换 ,这种阳离子交换的增强是二价阳离子与木质素磺酸盐结合的结果。第三 ,与盐水和石油磺酸盐相比 ,木质素磺酸盐会导致可溶性矿石的更大程度的溶解 ,产生了不需要的二价阳离子。第四 ,木质素磺酸盐对石油磺酸盐的耐盐度和最优矿化度的影响并不大。从这些实验室结果 。