可用于水处理的离子选择性纳米离子通道研究进展

选择性离子去除作为一种新兴的水处理方法,已被用于废水中的养分回收、水的软化、从盐水提取关键矿物质以及工业废水的利用等水处理领域。生物离子通道具有高效的单离子选择性,在过去的20 a里,纳米级和亚纳米级离子通道都被成功制备出来以模拟生物离子通道。主要介绍了天然离子通道的概念和理论框架,综述了目前纳米离子通道膜的材料与制备方法,总结了典型水污染离子的纳米离子通道选择性及优缺点和研究方向。单/多价离子之间的离子大小、电荷和亲疏水差异可测量,因此构建单/多价之间的离子选择性通道的基础是通道尺寸、表面电荷和亲疏水性的调节。而单价离子间尺寸差异并不显著,因此,特异性离子结合相互作用被引入到亚1 nm通道中以实现单离子选择性。分析了理想的纳米离子通道如何构建,提出目标离子选择性通常取决于通道的物理和化学性质,包括孔径、通道维度、表面电荷、功能位点和通道壁极性等,通过改变或优化这几种因素,可以提高膜对于目标离子的选择性分离。最后,对未来将膜技术与纳米离子通道结合以实现离子选择性去除进行了展望。

界面相及其特性、表征与应用

提出了界面相的概念及利用界面相与主体相分离以实现溶质分离的设想;建立了测定界面相体积及组分在界面相与主体相之间分配比的实验方法,以葡萄糖为示踪剂,测定了Cu（Ⅱ）的分配比,考察了操作条件对界面相特性的影响。研究结果显示出气-液界面相分离方法在化工、环保及生物化工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Isolation of Lysozyme from Chicken Egg White Using Polyacrylamide-based Cation-exchange Cryogel

An effective cation-exchange chromatographic method for lysozyme isolation from chicken egg white is presented, using supermacroporous cryogel grafted with sulfo functional groups. The chromatographic processes were carried out by one-step and sequential elution, respectively. Sodium phosphate buffer （pH 7.8） containing different concentrations of NaC1 is used as elution agent. The corresponding breakthrough characteristics and elution behaviors in the cryogel bed were investigated and analyzed. Purity of lysozyme in the elution effluent was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The maximum purity of the obtained lysozyme was about 96%, and the cryogel is demonstrated as a potential separation medium for purification of high-purit lysozyme from chicken egg white.

Removal of Phenol from Dilute Solutions by Predispersed Solvent Extraction

Predispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) is a new method for separating solutes from aqueous solution by solvent extraction and one which has shown promise for extraction from extremely dilute solution very efficient and very quick. The use of colloidal liquid aphrons in predispersed solvent extraction may ameliorate the problems such as emulsion formation, reduction of interfacial mass transfer and low interfacial mass transfer areas in solvent extraction process. In present paper, colloidal liquid aphrons are successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent, tributyl phosphate(TBP) as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate(SDBS) as surfactant in aqueous phase and Tween-80 in oil phase. Extraction of phenol from dilute solution was studied by using colloidal liquid aphrons and colloidal gas aphrons in a semi-batch extraction column. It has been found that the PDSE process is more suitable for extraction of dilute solutions. It has also been discovered that the PDSE process has a great advantage over traditional single-stage extraction process.

Primary Purification of Co-expressed Soluble and Insoluble Alpha-interferon 2b from Recombinant E. coli

Alpha-interferon 2b (IFN 2b) was produced both in soluble and insoluble forms from recombinant E. coli. The dissolution of the expressed IFN 2b in inclusion body was carried out and it was found that the optimal condition to dissolve the expressed protein was 7 mol稬1guanidinium salt solution at pH 3.0. The resultant solution was diluted 20 times using pH 6.0 buffer to refold the protein correctly. The cation exchange column was employed to purify both refolded and soluble IFN 2b. For soluble IFN sample, high IFN 2b recovery yield (92.1%) with 91.7% purity was obtained in the eluate. However, for refolded IFN sample, only 72.7% of IFN 2b was recovered with relatively low purity (56.8%) by cation exchange chromatography. Although the expression level of insoluble IFN was higher than that of co-expressed soluble IFN in this recombinant E. coli cells, the productivity of bioactive IFN 2b was higher with soluble expressed IFN after primary purification process. Soluble expression of foreign proteins in recombinant bacteria might be an alternative strategy for efficient production of heterogeneous pro-teins due to high bioactivity and simple downstream protein purification process.

Optimization the Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Technique for Isolation of Protoplasts in Potato

Plasma membrane of plant cells is surrounded by cellulose wall and adjacent cells are joined together by a thick pectin rich matrix. Separation of plant cells and removal of the cell wall experimentally, by either a mechanical or an enzymatic process, results in the production ofprotoplast. Protoplasts are useful tools to study the uptake and transport ofmacromolecules and production of somatic hybrids. Protoplasts can be obtained from all types of actively growing young and healthy tissues. The most convenient and widely used source of plant protoplasts is leaf. Juvenile seedling tissues, cotyledons are other alternative tissues most frequently used for protoplasts isolation. All the environmental and genotypic factors, which affect the cell wall thickenings and compactness indirectly, influence the number of protoplasts recovered. Protoplasts are isolated by two methods, mechanical and enzymatic. The enzyme mixture solution of celluiose/macerozyme is used to digest the cell wall. The critical factors affecting the obtaning ofprotoplasts are the kinds of cell wall degrading enzymes, the physiological state of plant leaves, the type of osmotic stabilizers and the composition of reaction solution. With the improvement of technique and enzyme combination rate, the yield of collected protoplasts will be increased higher.

Optimization of control parameters of CdZnTe ACRT-Bridgman single crystal growth

The CdZnTe vertical Bridgman single crystal process with accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) has been simulated. Effects have been investigated of the ACRT wave parameters on the solid-liquid interface concavity and the solute segregation of the crystal. The results show that ACRT can result in the increase of both the solid-liquid interface concavity and the temperature gradient of the melt in the front of the solid-liquid interface, of which the magnitude varies from small to many times when the ACRT wave parameters change. Of the ACRT wave parameters, the increase of the crucible maximum rotation rate can hardly improve the radial solute segregation of the crystal, but the variation of the crucible acceleration time, the keep time at the maximum rotation rate, and the crucible deceleration time can affect the solute segregation of the single crystal extraordinarily. With suitable wave parameters, ACRT greatly decreases the radial solute segregation of the crystal, and even makes it disappear completely. However, it increases both the axial solute segregation and the radial one notably with bad wave parameters. An excellent single crystal could be gotten, of which a majority part is with no segregation, with ACRT-Bridgman method by adjusting both the ACRT wave parameters and the crystal growth control parameters, such as the initial temperature of the melt, the temperature gradient, and the crucible withdrawal rate, etc.