滑皮金桔糖度的近红外光谱无损检测技术

【目的】采用近红外光谱技术对滑皮金桔的糖度开展无损检测技术研究,为今后实现滑皮金桔在线糖度品质分级分选提供参考依据。【方法】以NIR Magic 1100型便携式果品近红外光谱分析仪为主要研究设备,对采集的滑皮金桔光谱分别进行S-G卷积平滑(SG-smooth)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)和多元散射校正(MSC)处理,结合偏最小二乘法建立滑皮金桔糖度预测模型并进行验证。【结果】建模的最佳光谱波段为720～920 nm;光谱采用SG-smooth处理后建立模型的校正集相关系数为0.9531,校正集均方根误差为0.6436,相对分析误差为3.55,均优于采用SNV和MSC处理建立的模型效果。对预测模型进行验证显示,糖度预测值与实际值的相关系数为0.9582,均方根误差为0.5187,相对分析误差为3.24。【结论】采用近红外光谱快速检测滑皮金桔糖度可行,建立的预测模型稳定性好、精度较高,可为滑皮金桔在线分选及无损检测设备的开发提供技术参考。

碧护+噻苯隆在融安滑皮金桔上的应用研究初报

广西融安县是中国金桔之乡,其特产滑皮金桔品种在生产中存在1、2次花难以自然正常坐果问题。正常条件下,只有1、2次花所坐果实才能健康发育成为受市场欢迎的较大、较为圆整美观果实,因此,必须采用特殊植物生长调节剂予以调控向成花坐果方向改善。使用碧护+噻苯隆,对融安滑皮金桔1、2次花生理发育调控进行应用研究,结果表明,对滑皮金桔1、2次花坐果率及果品品质均具有较明显的提高。

高温处理对采收期滑皮金桔叶片柑橘红蜘蛛虫口数量的影响

融安滑皮金桔成熟期覆膜留树保鲜条件下易受柑橘红蜘蛛危害,为防治金桔果实成熟期柑橘红蜘蛛危害,对覆膜增温电热器辅助加温方式设置了34,38,42℃三个处理温度,每天处理4h,分别处理1,3,5d,并在处理后第5、第10和第15天调查每10片叶的虫口数量,探讨覆膜环境下,不同处理温度和时间对柑橘红蜘蛛(Panonychus citri McGregor)虫口数量的影响。结果表明:在34℃温度下,连续处理5d时,在第15天能降低虫口数量达80%以上;在38和42℃条件下,只需处理1d,在处理后第10天,均能降低虫口数量达90%以上,且虫口数量降低率随着连续处理天数延长而增加。覆膜增温至34℃以上并维持一定时间就能显著降低滑皮金桔成熟期柑橘红蜘蛛数量,减轻柑橘红蜘蛛对融安滑皮金桔的危害,提高果实的外观品质。

水分胁迫对融安滑皮金桔1、2次花发育影响研究初报

以水分胁迫为研究手段,通过水分及植物生长调节剂以及优质有机小分子营养的补充改善,结果表明,水分等影响因子与改善滑皮金桔1、2次花成花质量具有较强相关性。

融安滑皮金桔果形指数设计研究初报

为实现国家地理标志保护产品——融安滑皮金桔生产的规范化、标准化,对其生产按照HACCP质量控制体系标准来考核评价各生产环节,以常规的保花保果及膨果技术管理为对照,以碧护生态健康平衡管理技术为示范研究模型,分别进行管理观察、果形指数研究设计,以此为标准指标,提供企业标准设计基础数据。结果表明:碧护健康管理技术可以获得果形圆正,具有融安滑皮金桔固有特征的外观形状。

滑皮金桔高产栽培技术

滑皮金桔是广西壮族自治区农业科技人员在1981年选取的金桔新品种,从1984年开始广泛推广栽培。在长期栽培过程观察中,品种性状稳定,丰产性好,品质佳,容易进行栽培,但因茎叶均带甜味受虫害比普通金桔要多。基于此,本文详细总结滑皮金桔高产栽培技术,以供参考。

融安滑皮金桔常温贮藏性状的研究

通过滑皮金桔、滑皮变异、普通金桔三种融安本地金桔常温贮藏试验,观察其外观指数及品尝其风味,研究融安金桔贮藏性状,为金桔果品产后商品化处理和运输提供技术支持。

滑皮金橘高产栽培技术的应用

滑皮金橘高产栽培技术研发日益规范,其核心技术主要应用于果树的种植和管理,通过科学规范的人工干预,实现高产和稳产的丰收目标。在苗木种植前需深耕改土和优选苗木,果树生长和结果全程应做好果园栽培技术普及,科学灌溉合理施肥,对果树要定期整形修剪,促进果树长势良好和高产,避免果树徒长和加剧生理落果。

不同品种金桔果实品质的综合比较

综合分析融安县主要种植的3个金桔品种,即‘油皮金桔’‘滑皮金桔’和‘脆蜜金桔’,观测各品种纵径、横径、可溶性固性物等8项主要指标,利用主成分降维和口感评价方法综合比较得出,无论主成分分析还是口感评价,这3个品种都有明显不同。经综合对比,‘脆蜜金桔’品质优于‘滑皮金桔’,‘滑皮金桔’优于‘油皮金桔’。选购‘脆蜜金桔’更能满足品质消费需求,金桔产业也将进一步扩大。

基于栅格GIS滑坡风险评价方法中格网大小选取分析

以地理信息系统 (GIS)作为工具和研究手段的滑坡风险评价方法已得到了普遍的认可和使用 ,较为成熟的方法是基于栅格GIS的滑坡风险评价方法 ,即将滑坡风险评价中考虑的各种因子归一化处理后转换成相同空间分辨率的定量数据 ,然后根据特定模型进行数据运算 ,最后得到风险评价结果图。但在风险评价过程中存在这样的问题 :对于已经量化的各影响因子 ,采用什么样的空间分辨率来栅格化这些因子数据才比较合适。该文以基于地形的香港大屿山滑坡风险评价为例 ,分析了影响空间分辨率选择的因子 ,并给出了影响因子空间分辨率确定的经验公式。

3个柑橘品种叶片结构和生化物质与柑橘溃疡病抗性的相关性研究

以‘滑皮’釐柑、‘建阳橘柚’和‘沃柑’3个柑橘品种为试材,观察其叶片结构,测定叶片生化物质含量,并分析其与柑橘溃疡病抗性的相关性。结果表明:‘滑皮’釐柑对柑橘溃疡病免疫,‘建阳橘柚’对柑橘溃疡病有较高的抗性,‘沃柑’表现为高感。3个柑橘品种的叶片气孔密度与柑橘溃疡病抗性呈极显著负相关,气孔面积与柑橘溃疡病抗性呈显著负相关,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、蜡质含量等挃标与柑橘溃疡病抗性均呈极显著正相关。3个柑橘品种健康叶片中可溶性蛋白含量差异不显著;丙二醛(MDA)含量‘滑皮’釐柑<‘建阳橘柚’<‘沃柑’,差异达显著水平;过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性大小均为‘滑皮’釐柑>‘建阳橘柚’>‘沃柑’,差异均达显著水平。3个柑橘品种接种溃疡病菌后,叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量与柑橘溃疡病的抗性强弱无显著相关,MDA含量与柑橘溃疡病抗性呈显著负相关,POD、SOD活性与柑橘溃疡病抗性呈极显著正相关,PPO活性与柑橘溃疡病抗性呈显著正相关。

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

综合测井在滑坡勘查中的应用

综合四川省汉源县城后山的滑坡勘查工作，介绍了采用综合测井方法在确定滑坡滑面位置和滑体厚度中的应用，取得了较好的效果。

Histopathological Observation of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther Infected with Red Abdominal Shell Disease

The histopathological changes in various organs of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther infected with red abdominal shell disease were observed by dissection and HE staining. In the ill C. semilaevis, the body surface was congestive and bleeding;the skin in the blind side ulcerated with extravasated blood; the gill filaments ulcerated with a lot of mucus; the liver, pancreas and spleen were swelling and bleeding with extravasated blood; the small intestine was congestive and bleeding. Degeneration and necrosis, and submucosal bleeding occurred in the skin of C. semilaevis infected with red abdominal shell disease. There was red blood cell infiltration and deposition in the space among muscle fibers. Epithelial degeneration and necrosis occurred in the parotid gland. The efferent branchial artery was congestive. The myocardial fibers had a loose structure, and a large area of fracture appeared. The liver cells were swelling with degeneration and necrosis and concentrated nucleus. A large area of the renal interstitial was broken down and necrotic. The submucosa of the small intestine had necrosis and hemorrhage.

月圆时的动物们

每年从2月下旬到9月上旬,在满月或新月涨潮之夜,滑皮银汉鱼就会乘着汹涌的涨潮成群地冲上海滩产卵,产卵结束后,它们又纵身跃入海中,随落潮而去,场面蔚为壮观。动物在月圆时的种种怪异行为,令人叹为观止。

Tissue-engineered graft constructed by self-derived cells and heterogeneous acellular matrix

Background： Endothelial and smooth muscle cells were used as seeding cells and heterogeneous acellularized matrix was used as scaffold to construct the tissue-engineered graft. Methods： A 2 weeks piglet was selected as a donor of seeding cells. Two-centimetre length of common carotid artery was dissected. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were harvested by trypsin and collagenase digestion respectively. The isolated cells were cultured and expanded using routine cell culture technique. An adult sheep was used as a donor of acellularized matrix. The thoracic aorta was harvested and processed by a multi-step decellularizing technique to remove the original cells and preserve the elastic and collagen fibers. The cultured smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were then seeded to the acellularized matrix and incubated in vitro for another 2 weeks. The cell seeded graft was then transplanted to the cell-donated piglet to substitute part of the native pulmonary artery. Results： The cultured cells from piglet were characterized as endothelial cells by the presence of specific antigens vWF and CD31, and smooth muscle cells by the presence of specific antigen a-actin on the cell surface respectively with immunohistochemical technique. After decellularizing processing for the thoracic aorta from sheep, all the cellular components were extracted and elastic and collagen fibers kept their original morphology and structure. The maximal load of acellular matrix was decreased and 20% lower than that of untreated thoracic aorta, but the maximal tensions between them were not different statistically and they had similar load-tension curves. Three months after transplantation, the animal was sacrificed and the graft was removed for observation. The results showed that the inner surfaces of the graft were smooth, without thrombosis and calcification. Under microscopy, a great number of growing cells could be seen and elastic and collagen fibers were abundant. Conclusion： Cultured self-derived endothelial and smooth muscle cells could be used as seeding cells and heterogeneous acellularized matrix could be used as scaffold in constructing tissue-engineered graft.

HYPOXIA AND ENDOTHELIN－1 STIMULATE DNA SYNTHESIS OF PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Hypoxia and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are associated with constriction of pulmonary vasculature both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of hypoxia and ET-1 in the vascular remodelling during the development of pulmonary hypertension is unclear. This study demonstrated that ET-1(0. 1 nmol/L to 100 nmol/L) increased the [￣3H]thymidine uptake in a dose-dependent manner in cultured bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMC). which was enhanced by exposing PASMC to hypoxia (2%O2, 93%N2,5%CO2 ). BQ123, the specific antagonist of endothelin receptor subtype A,eliminated the ET-1 medicated proliferation of PASMC and the cooperative effect of hypoxia. Some dilatory drugs could inhibite the mitogenic effect of ET-1. We also observed that hypoxia significantly increased [￣3H] thymidine uptake in PASMC without ET-1 and BQ123 could inhibite this effect. Radioimmunoassay suggested that there was an autocrine of ET-1 in cultured PASMC which was enhanced by hypoxia significantly.

Clinical significance of colposcopy on screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in cytological negative and smooth cervices

Objective： The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of the video colposcopy in screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） in cytological negative and smooth cervices by optically gynecological examination. Methods： The 1050 women, whose cervices had been shown smooth and cytological negative by optical examine, were examined with electronic colposcopy in gynecological clinic, and biopsy was taken when the double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative, and other abnormal images were shown. A retrospective analysis of these cases was performed. Re. suits： （1） The 514 samples from 458 cases, including 458 samples of abnormal tissues under colposcopy and 56 samples of polyp or polypoid tumors by optically, were examined by biopsy. Among them, 68 samples were found to be CIN, including 11 cases of CINII/CINIII; （2） The 72 of 1050 cases showed the double-abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine nega- tive. Among them, 64 cases were CIN determined by biopsy. And the positive predictive value of the double-abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative under colposcopy was 88.9%, with a false negative rate of 3.3%; （3） Among 458 women examined by biopsy, only one of 350 samples from cervical polyp tissue was CIN （0.3%）, while 67 of 164 samples from the tissues with abnormal colposcopic images were found to be CIN （40.9%）, indicating the close relation between abnormal colposcopic findings and CIN; （4） The results of age-distribution analysis showed that, in the 164 cases with abnormal features under colposcopy, the incidence of double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative was higher in the age of sexual activity, just the same as the age distribution feature of CIN; while single abnormality of iodine negative appeared more in the age of over 50 years. Conclusion： Abnormal features displayed by colposcopy, especially the double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative, has an important significance for the screening of cervical precancerous lesions such as CIN. For this purpose, colposcopy examination is necessary even for the cases of cytological negative and smooth cervices.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors VEGFR-1 and 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors,leiomyomas and schwannomas

AIM： To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF/and its receptors VEGFR-1 and 2 in the growth and differentiation of gastrointestinal strornal tumors （GISTs）. METHODS： Thirty-three GISTs, 15 leiomyomas and 6 schwannomas were examined by immunohistochemistry in this study. RESULTS： VEGF protein was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and VEGFRol and 2 were expressed both in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of all tumors. Irnrnunohistochernical staining revealed that 26 GISTs （78.8%）, 9 leiornyornas （60.0%） and 3 schwannornas （50.0%/were positive for VEGF; 24 GISTs （72.7%/, 12 leiornyornas （80.0%） and 4 schwannornas （66.7%） were positive for VEGFR-1; 30 GISTs （90.9%/, 5 leiornyornas （33.3%/and 4 schwannornas （66.7%） were positive for VEGFR-2. VEGFR-2 expression was statistically different between GISTs and leiomyomas （P 〈 0.0001）. However, there was no correlation between the expression of VEGF pathway componenets and the clinical risk categories. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that the VEGF pathway may play an important role in the differentiation of GISTs, leiomyomas and schwannomas.

Urocortin, the neuropeptide, inhibits the viability of ECV304 cells and rat vascular smooth muscle cells

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of urocortin (Ucn) on the viability of endothelial cells (ECV304) and rat vascular muscle cells (VSMC). Methods: Rat aortic VSMC were isolated from the rats' thoracic aorta. We studied the effect of Ucn on the viability of ECV304 cells and VSMC by using a tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results: Ucn (10 -7 mol/L) inhibited the viability of ECV304 cells and VSMC. Inhibition rates are 13% and 15%, respectively(P<0.05, compared with Control). This inhibition was not dependent on the affecting time and was not affected by the addition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) blocker, glybenclamide (Gly, 10 mol/L). Conclusion: Ucn inhibits the viability of ECV304 and VSMC. Our results suggest that Ucn may be a new vasoactive agent and may have a beneficial effect in the process of vascular remodeling (VR).