AIM To determine the role of G0/G1 switch gene 2(G0 S2) and its transcriptional regulation in palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.METHODS Hep G2 cells were treated with palmitate,or palmitate in combination w...AIM To determine the role of G0/G1 switch gene 2(G0 S2) and its transcriptional regulation in palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.METHODS Hep G2 cells were treated with palmitate,or palmitate in combination with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP)β si RNA or G0 S2 si RNA. The m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γ and PPARγ target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A and Adipoq) was examined by q PCR. The protein expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and G0 S2 was determined by Western blotting. Lipid accumulation was detected with Oil Red O staining and quantified by absorbance value of the extracted Oil Red O dye. Lipolysis was evaluated by measuring the amount of glycerol released into the medium. RESULTS Palmitate caused a dose-dependent increase in lipid accumulation and a dose-dependent decrease in lipolysis in Hep G2 cells. In addition,palmitate increased the m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and PPARγ target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A,and Adipoq) and the protein expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and G0 S2 in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of C/EBPβ decreased palmitate-induced PPARγ and its target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A,and Adipoq) m RNA expression and palmitate-induced PPARγ and G0 S2 protein expression in Hep G2 cells. Knockdown of C/EBPβ also attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis in palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. G0 S2 knockdown attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis,while G0 S2 knockdown had no effects on the m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and PPARγ target genes(GPR81,GPR109 A and Adipoq) in palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. CONCLUSION Palmitate can induce lipid accumulation in Hep G2 cells by activating C/EBPβ-mediated G0 S2 expression.展开更多
The management of coastal zones in terms of tourism exploitation remains a crucial issue in achieving sustainable development and customer satisfaction. The interrelation between the coastal zone and the preference st...The management of coastal zones in terms of tourism exploitation remains a crucial issue in achieving sustainable development and customer satisfaction. The interrelation between the coastal zone and the preference structure of visitors form a desired tourism setting and a hospitable destination in which environmentally friendly practices dominate the tourism aspects. Conjoint analysis was used with a purpose of eliciting respondents＇ preferences and answering questions concerning the features that compose a sustainable tourism product. In the survey, 16 proposed combinations of tourism characteristics were rated by 1,433 respondents. The three most preferred factors of the proposed tourism product were the accommodation factor, the sea activities factor and the fishery tourism factor with averaged importance scores 27,351,22,900 and 2 1, 13 1, respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China,No.2014011043-1the Social Development Project of Jinzhong,Shanxi Province,No.S1601
文摘AIM To determine the role of G0/G1 switch gene 2(G0 S2) and its transcriptional regulation in palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.METHODS Hep G2 cells were treated with palmitate,or palmitate in combination with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP)β si RNA or G0 S2 si RNA. The m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γ and PPARγ target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A and Adipoq) was examined by q PCR. The protein expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and G0 S2 was determined by Western blotting. Lipid accumulation was detected with Oil Red O staining and quantified by absorbance value of the extracted Oil Red O dye. Lipolysis was evaluated by measuring the amount of glycerol released into the medium. RESULTS Palmitate caused a dose-dependent increase in lipid accumulation and a dose-dependent decrease in lipolysis in Hep G2 cells. In addition,palmitate increased the m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and PPARγ target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A,and Adipoq) and the protein expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and G0 S2 in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of C/EBPβ decreased palmitate-induced PPARγ and its target genes(G0 S2,GPR81,GPR109 A,and Adipoq) m RNA expression and palmitate-induced PPARγ and G0 S2 protein expression in Hep G2 cells. Knockdown of C/EBPβ also attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis in palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. G0 S2 knockdown attenuated lipid accumulation and augmented lipolysis,while G0 S2 knockdown had no effects on the m RNA expression of C/EBPβ,PPARγ,and PPARγ target genes(GPR81,GPR109 A and Adipoq) in palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. CONCLUSION Palmitate can induce lipid accumulation in Hep G2 cells by activating C/EBPβ-mediated G0 S2 expression.
文摘The management of coastal zones in terms of tourism exploitation remains a crucial issue in achieving sustainable development and customer satisfaction. The interrelation between the coastal zone and the preference structure of visitors form a desired tourism setting and a hospitable destination in which environmentally friendly practices dominate the tourism aspects. Conjoint analysis was used with a purpose of eliciting respondents＇ preferences and answering questions concerning the features that compose a sustainable tourism product. In the survey, 16 proposed combinations of tourism characteristics were rated by 1,433 respondents. The three most preferred factors of the proposed tourism product were the accommodation factor, the sea activities factor and the fishery tourism factor with averaged importance scores 27,351,22,900 and 2 1, 13 1, respectively.
