德国贝朗8系Dialog+血液透析滤过机故障维修两例

随着血液透析行业的发展及技术的进步,越来越多品牌的血液透析滤过机逐步被引进到国内各大医院,其中,德国贝朗生产的8系Dialog+血液透析滤过机以其经典的分层设计和扎实的透析品质在整个血液透析行业中广受好评。我们对贝朗8系Dialog+血液透析滤过机在使用长达4万多小时后的故障维修案例进行分析,供同行参考。

费森尤斯血液透析滤过机Online Plus系统的原理及故障分析

本文介绍了费森尤斯血液透析滤过机Online Plus系统的组成与原理,总结出Online Plus系统常见的故障现象并作出简单的分析,提出了解决这些常见故障的方法。

血液滤过机故障分析与日常维护探讨

血液滤过机是治疗肾功能衰竭患者的重要设备,其工作状态可对患者的治疗效果产生直接影响。临床应用中,要对其加强日常维护,做好故障检修工作,以确保机器正常运行,同时可提高血液滤过机的使用安全性以及使用寿命。

4008E型血液滤过机原理及典型故障分析

血滤机的主体部分由一套透析液容量平衡系统所构成，其物理作用是有效保证体液的平衡，此套系统的核心部分是平衡腔。在这个腔体中，新鲜液和废液(即滤过后的液体)被一张合成膜分开，在整个工作过程中，进入机器的新鲜液和流出机器的废液的量始终保持平衡。在进水端有一个66水箱，它的浮子开关控制着进水阀的开启与关闭，以此来调节进入机器的反渗水的流量。A泵吸入A液进入66水箱，与反渗水混合并经过水箱中加热棒加热后由除气泵推动前行，在进入平衡腔前与B泵吸入的B液混合。

贝朗Dialog+血液透析滤过机电导度相关疑难故障案例分析

本文回顾分析了贝朗Dialog+系列血液透析滤过机透析液电导度相关疑难故障两例,分别于自检及治疗过程中出现透析液配比时间过长,并偶发“碳酸混合比例超限”“总电导度超限”“碳酸电导超限”等。通过观察设备运行参数,由简到难逐级排查,最终确定故障因空气分离室探针及平衡腔电磁阀接线引脚表面附着杂质,导致信号传输乱序,清洁后故障排除。本文旨在为同行处理类似疑难故障时提供参考与借鉴。

GAMBRO AK 200 ULTRA S血液透析滤过机故障案例分析

本文介绍了GAMBRO AK 200 ULTRA S血透滤过机的工作原理,列举了2例故障案例,其故障提示分别为“UF SELF TEST FAILED,New test within 5 min”及“FLUID TUBES FOR LEAKAGE,Press LOW to confirm”。通过分析可能的故障原因,运用气泡跟踪法及压力变化进行漏气检修,逐步排查,分别采取更换FOVA电磁阀阀膜及清理ZEVA电磁阀阀膜、更换旁路管采样口的措施排除故障。本文通过分析不同的故障类型,介绍不同的漏气检修方法,给维修工程师提供参考,并提示做好预防性维护,定期更换易损件,以此降低故障发生率。

费森尤斯4008S血液滤过机故障分析

费森尤斯4008S血液滤过机是一种精密医疗设备,其内部由电路、集水路为一体且相当复杂,由于电路和水路长期在酸、碱性的液体环境中运行容易遭受腐蚀,而导致出现故障。因此,为了避免血液滤过机出现故障对透析效果及医疗安全产生直接影响,作为医疗设备维修人员必须充分了解血液滤过机设备原理,并及时、准确做好设备维修工作,才能有效保障医疗设备的安全使用。

滤过吹风加湿器在我厂的应用

滤过吹风加湿器在我厂的应用曾国瑞（河北唐山碱厂唐山０６３３０５）我厂滤碱设备采用国产２０ｍ￣２ＬＪ２０－１滤过机，共５台，一般情况下开３备２。每小时吹风用量３６００ｍ￣３，吹风机由于要求风量较大，设计时选用天津产罗茨鼓风机，设备型号Ｌ４１－６０─２／...

Formula 2000血透机

Formula2000是意大利bellco公司推出的允许开展多种不同血透治疗模式的血液透析滤过机。除常规的治疗模式如双针透析、单针单泵或双泵透析、序贯透析、醋酸盐透析、碳酸盐透析和碳酸盐干粉透析外。

GamBro AK 200 ULTRA S透析机无技术错误代码指向的维修案例解析

GamBro AK 200 ULTRA S透析机是百特金宝公司生产的双泵透析机,以血液透析滤过功能为特色,兼备血液透析、血液滤过的功能。通常,操作人员在使用过程中的操作失误,会以报警提示的形式呈现,操作人员根据报警提示的引导,即可快速更正操作,报警提示普遍与操作失误相关,然而,也有掩藏在“报警提示”表面下的特殊故障,本文对一例该类特殊故障的检修进行解析。

Study on Various Rectifiers for Fan-Filter Units

The face velocities of the high efficiency particulate air filters and the ultra low penetration airfilters in fan filter units (FFUs) have large relative standard deviation and turbulivity. It seriously affects the unidirectivity of the flow in the unidirectional flow clean zone and cleanroom. The cross contamination in this kind of unidirectional flow area is hardly controlled. It is significant to find optional method for keeping the face velocity uniformity of FFU and reducing the face velocity turbulivity of FFU, furthermore, to keep the cleanliness level under FFUs. The normal and easy method is to add flow rectifiers under filters. FFUs with various flow rectifiers have been tested. The uniformity and turbulivity of facevelocity under the FFU are presented in this paper. The influence of the facevelocity uniformity and turbulivity on the contamination boundary of the unidirectional flow is studiedas well.

Improved complex filter applied in enhancing EFT/B immunity at a coal mine monitoring substation

A monitoring system is an important guarantee of safety in a production mine. However, not all monitoring substations pass the electrical fast transient/burst （EFT/B） immunity test and the explosion-proof test simultaneously. To enhance the immunity, the values of capacitance and inductance should be increased, which are actually limited by coal mine explosion-proof standards. Hence, for the first time, an active filter was applied in an electromagnetic interference （EMI） output filter. As a result, the interference within 30 MHz clearly weakened, but the frequency spectrum had a wide range. An EMI input filter and ferrite beads were adopted to restrain higher frequency interference. An output interference spectrogram of the substation was obtained with an analyzer. The results indicate that the improved complex filtering markedly help to control interference. With the support of improved complex filtering and other enhancing immunity means about I/O ports, the substation managed to pass both the EFT/B immunity test and the explosion-proof test synchronously. We conclude that improved complex filtering is of vital importance in enhancing the electromagnetic compatibilitv （EMC） of the coal mine monitoring system.

Expression and Significance of PTEN in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Objective： To explore the expression of anti-oncogene PTEN in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods： Using immunohistochemical S-P methods, the expression of PTEN gene was detected in 62 specimens of bladder cancer and 18 specimens of normal bladder tissue. Results： In the 62 bladder cancers, the positive rate of PTEN was 53.2% （33/62）. All 18 normal bladder tissues were positive for the PTEN expression. The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated to tumor grades （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The reduced expression of PETN might play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. Detection of PTEN might be useful for judgement of tumor development and prognosis.

Viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To investigate the viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B patients and the role of fat deposits in liver damage.METHODS: A total of 164 patients (113 males and 51 females, average age 35±11.3 years, and range 10-62 years) with previously untreated chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the result of liver biopsy: group without steatosis (100 patients with ＜5% hepatosteatosis) and group with steatosis (64 patients with ＞5% hepatosteatosis). The groups were compared in terms of gender, body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), cholesterol, triglyceride, HBeAg, viral load, and histological findings. In the group with steatosis, the patients were subdivided depending on the degree of steatosis into mild group (45 patients with 5-24% steatosis), and severe group (19 patients with ＞25% steatosis). RESULTS: In the group of chronic hepatitis B with steatosis, the mean age, BMI, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than those in the group without steatosis (P＜0.05). Steatosis was found in 53 (46.9%) of male patients and 11 (22%) of female patients (P＜0.05). No significant difference was found in the positivity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, HBeAg, viral load, histological activity index (HAI) and stage between the two groups (P＞0.05). In the group with severe steatosis, the BMI was significantly higher than that in the group with mild steatosis (P＜0.05). No significant difference was found in the other parameters between the groups (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B appears to be a result of metabolic factors of the host rather than the effect of viruses. Steatosis is unrelated to the HAI and degree of fibrosis, which are considered as the histological indicators of liver damage.

Cake forming and filtering time in the spiral discharging fine coal filtering centrifuge

Based on the realization of moving-bed cake filtering, the concepts of static-bed filtering time and moving-bed fil- tering time in the helical-conveyor fine coal filtering centrifuge were proposed, and the mathematic relations between the time defined and the main factors related were studied in detail. The results show that the static-bed filtering time is the function of the spiral heads and the rotation rate deference between the spiral and the porous drum, while the moving-bed filtering time is the function of the cone angle of the porous drum, the radius of the porous drum, the spiral angle, and the rotation rate deference. The functions deduced are of great significance for fine coal filtering centrifuge＇s parameters determining and optimizing. It is shown that the filtering centrifuge with smaller spiral angle, smaller rotation rate deference, and smaller cone angle may do a better job for fine coal dewatering.

Influence of Filter Cloth on the Cathode on the Electroosmotic Dewatering of Activated Sludge

The mechanical dewatering of activated sludge is troublesome due to its high compressibility of solids. The dewatering can be enhanced dramatically by the use of electroosmosis,in which an electric field is applied to the sludge cake.In this study,the influence of filter cloth on the cathode on the dewatering of activated sludge was investigated.It was found that thicker filter cloth led to lower water removal from the sludge cake,so a stainless steel cathode net with small pore size instead of filter cloth was applied,which improves the dewatering efficiency and reduces the electric power consumption.Moreover,water absorbent materials were helpful to remove the water from the sludge cake.For the electroosmotic dewatering at 7 kPa and 24 V·cm-1,the water content in the sludge cake decreased to 60%(by mass) with the average 0.075 kW·h·kg-1of water removed by using the cathode net.

The Expression and Significance of KAl1 and Ki67 in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and significance of the tumor metastatic suppressor gene the KAI1 and Ki67 antigen in bladder transitional cell carcinoma （BTCC）. METHODS Two-stepped immuno-histochemical staining was used to detect the expression of the KAI1 protein and Ki67 antigen. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the KAI1 mRNA in 54 BTCC specimens and 32 normal bladder counterparts. 13-actin was the internal control. RESULTS The KAI1 protein was mainly expressed on cell membranes at cell-to-cell borders, with uniform and continuous staining in normal bladder transitional epithelium. However, the number of positive-staining cells was greatly decreased in BTCC epithelium, and with an increase in the stage and Grade and appearance of lymph node metastasis the staining was non-uniform and discontinuous. The Ki67 antigen was expressed in the nucleus, and with an increase in the stage and Grade and appearance of lymph node metastasis, the Ki67 expression increased. The Ki67 antigen was negatively related to the expression of KAI1 （P〈0.01）.The expression level of KAI1 mRNA was much greater in normal bladder transitional epithelium compared to BTCC, moreover, with an increase in the Grade, infiltration depth and appearance of lymph node metastasis, the expression of KAI1 mRNA was reduced. CONCLUSION The expression of KAI1 protein may be used as a prognostic marker to indicate the degree of infiltration and metastasis. Measurement of KAI1 and Ki67 expression together may be helpful in evaluating the metastatic potential and prognosis of BTCC patients.

Research on fault detection method for heat pump air conditioning system under cold weather

Building energy consumption accounts for nearly 40% of global energy consumption, HVAC （Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning） systems are the major building energy consumers, and as one type of HVAC systems, the heat pump air conditioning system, which is more energy-efficient compared to the traditional air conditioning system, is being more widely used to save energy. However, in northern China, extreme climatic conditions increase the cooling and heating load of the heat pump air conditioning system and accelerate the aging of the equipment, and the sensor may detect drifted parameters owing to climate change. This non-linear drifted parameter increases the false alarm rate of the fault detection and the need for unnecessary troubleshooting. In order to overcome the impact of the device aging and the drifted parameter, a Kalman filter and SPC （statistical process control） fault detection method are introduced in this paper. In this method, the model parameter and its standard variance can he estimated by Kalman filter based on the gray model and the real-time data of the air conditioning system. Further, by using SPC to construct the dynamic control limits, false alarm rate is reduced. And this paper mainly focuses on the cold machine failure in the component failure and its soft fault detection. This approach has been tested on a simulation model of the ＂Sino-German Energy Conservation Demonstration Center＂ building heat pump air-conditioning system in Shenyang, China, and the results show that the Kalman filter and SPC fault detection method is simple and highly efficient with a low false alarm rate, and it can deal with the difficulties caused by the extreme environment and the non-linear influence of the parameters, and what＇s more, it provides a good foundation for dynamic fault diagnosis and fault prediction analysis.

Endpoint forecasting on composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for diesel particulate filter

Numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate the major factors affecting the time of composite regeneration due to coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for diesel particulate f3ilter(DPF). Effect on the composite regeneration time from various factors such as mass flow rate of exhaust gas, temperature of exhaust gas, oxygen concentration of exhaust gas, microwave power and amount of cerium-based additive are investigated. And a mathematical model based on fuzzy least squares support vector machines has been developed to forecast the endpoint of the composite regeneration. The results show that the relative error of endpoint forecasting model of composite regeneration is less than 3.5%, and the oxygen concentration of exhaust gas has the biggest effect on the endpoint of composite regeneration, followed by the mass flow rate of exhaust gas, the microwave power, the temperature of exhaust gas and the amount of cerium-based additive.