在实验室模拟攀钢现场条件 ,研究了提高 Si O2 / Ti O2 比值 (增加富矿粉配比 )和添加萤石、氧化锰、重晶石、硼泥等辅料对钒钛烧结矿软熔滴落性能的影响。结果表明 ,提高 Si O2 / Ti O2 比值和添加萤石、氧化锰、重晶石、硼泥等辅料均...在实验室模拟攀钢现场条件 ,研究了提高 Si O2 / Ti O2 比值 (增加富矿粉配比 )和添加萤石、氧化锰、重晶石、硼泥等辅料对钒钛烧结矿软熔滴落性能的影响。结果表明 ,提高 Si O2 / Ti O2 比值和添加萤石、氧化锰、重晶石、硼泥等辅料均有利于改善钒钛烧结矿软熔滴落性能。展开更多
The content of dimethylallylamine was determined using glacial acetic acid as solvent, acetic-formic mixture as an anhydrite, perchloric acid-glacial acetic acid as titrant, and 1% crystal violet in acetic acid as ind...The content of dimethylallylamine was determined using glacial acetic acid as solvent, acetic-formic mixture as an anhydrite, perchloric acid-glacial acetic acid as titrant, and 1% crystal violet in acetic acid as indicator in the presence of methylamine and dimethylamine The influences of inert constituents and water on the titration were investigated, and a complete analytical method was determined. The results showed that the determination error of total amines increased with water increasing, while the effect of water on the determination of dimethylallylamine was little when the amount of water was within 5%, the relative error was generally within 1%, and that the end-point was acutely when about 10% chloroform was added. Compared with gas chromatography, this method is simple, convenient and accurate.展开更多
Long-terrn injectable microspheres have some inherent disadvantages such as migration of microspheres from the originalsite an.d the burst effect. In order to avoid these problems, microsphere-loaded thermosensitive, ...Long-terrn injectable microspheres have some inherent disadvantages such as migration of microspheres from the originalsite an.d the burst effect. In order to avoid these problems, microsphere-loaded thermosensitive, hydrogel system was designed and expected to achieve a zero-order release Of biomolecular drugs in relativehigh initial drug loadings. Lysozyme, an antibacterial protein usually used to reduce prosthetic valve endocarditis,was selected as the model drug. Poly （DL-lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） microspheres, prepared by solvent evaporation method, were employee to encapsulate lysozyme and dispersed into thermosensitive pre-gel solution containing methylcellulose （MC）, polyethylene glycol （PEG）, sodium citrate （SC）, and sodium alginate （SA）. The mixture could act asadrug reservoir by.performing sol-gel transition rapidly if the temperature was raised from roomtemperature to 37℃. The in vitro release results showed that the burst effect was avoided due to strengthening ofdiffusion resistance in the gel. The formulation was able.to deliver lysozy.me for over.30 daysin a nearly zero-order release profile with a rate of 32.8μg.d^-1 which exhibits its remarkable potential for effective aoolication in long-term drug delivery.展开更多
For the mass transfer to single drops during the stage of steady buoyancy-driven motion, experimental measurement is complicated with the terminal effect of additional mass transfer during drop formation and coalescen...For the mass transfer to single drops during the stage of steady buoyancy-driven motion, experimental measurement is complicated with the terminal effect of additional mass transfer during drop formation and coalescence at the drop collector. Analysis reveals that consistent operating conditions and experimental procedure are of critical significance for minimizing the terminal effect of drop coalescence on the accuracy of mass transfer measurements. The novel design of a totally-closed extraction column is proposed for this purpose, which guarantees that the volumetric rate of drop phase injection is exactly equal to that of withdrawal of drops. Tests in two extraction systems demonstrate that the experimental repeatability is improved greatly and the terminal effect of mass transfer during drop coalescence is brought well under control.展开更多
The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal dropl...The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal droplets, followed by the formations of desiccation cracks. Two categories of highly ordered crack patterns, which we name ＂daisy＂ and ＂wavy-ring＂, are identified in the drying droplets. We explore the shifting of crack patterns from the ＂daisy＂ to the ＂wavy-ring＂ by varying the concentration of protein droplets. The results show that the concentration correlates with the pattern of deposition film directly, and modulates the periodicity of the crack pattern. We investigate the formations and periodicities of these two kinds of crack patterns, and obtain the scaling law of periodicity of the ＂wavy-ring＂ crack pattern. The relationship between the deposition pattern and the highly ordered crack patterns is also examined. This study will help in understanding the formation mechanisms of crack patterns in drying droplets of protein solutions and assist the future design of crack patterns in practical applications.展开更多
As a class of newly emerging functional material, Gallium based liquid metals have attracted increasing attentions in many fields, such as chip cooling, printed electronics and microfiuidics, etc. Particularly, the mo...As a class of newly emerging functional material, Gallium based liquid metals have attracted increasing attentions in many fields, such as chip cooling, printed electronics and microfiuidics, etc. Particularly, the motion control of liquid metal droplet has been recently tried for its importance in microelectromechanical system （MEMS）, microfluidics and potential use in micro-machine or reconfigurable soft robot. This paper is dedicated to explore the motion behavior of liquid metal droplet under AC electric field. The quickly induced oscillation phenomena of liquid metal droplet and surrounding electrolyte solution were observed and the major factors to influence such behaviors are theoretically interpreted and experimentally investigated, including the size of the liquid metal droplet, electrode voltage, electrolyte solution concentration and AC signal frequency etc. Moreover, some typical features to distinguish AC filed actuation with DC field are observed, such as intensive fluid waving induced by the resonance stimulation, and the efficient inhibition of solution electrolysis. Finally, two important applications of adopting AC induced surface oscillation of liquid metal droplet to develop solution mixer as well as fluidic pump were demonstrated which successfully avoid gas generation inside electrolyte environment. The bulk oscillation effects of liquid metal as clarified here could be very useful in a variety of areas such as solution disturbance and mixing, and fluid oscillator or pump etc.展开更多
Here we use an analytical method to determine δ^13C in local plants and organic matter in the soils above Furong cave, Chong- qing, China. We also monitored d13C in dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） of drip water, ...Here we use an analytical method to determine δ^13C in local plants and organic matter in the soils above Furong cave, Chong- qing, China. We also monitored d13C in dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） of drip water, δ^13C of active deposits under the drip waters, and the concentration of air CO2 （PCO2）. Based on these, we preliminarily studied the transportation characteristics of stable carbon isotope （^13C） in cave system of the subtropical karst area. The average δ^13C value of 27 local plant samples, which belong to 16 families, was -32% and the weighted δ^13C for surface dry biomass was -33%0. We found that for 54 soil samples collected from 5 soil profiles, δ^13C of soil organic matters was -22%o, which could be attributed to the different trans- portation rates of stable carbon isotopes during the decomposition of plants and organic matters in soils. The relatively lighter 12C tended to transfer into gaseous CO2, which made the relatively heavier ^13C concentrated in the soils. On the basis of moni- toring of DIC- δ^13C in drip waters from July 2009 to June 2010, we found that values in winter months were heavier and values in summer months were lighter in general, the reason of which was that in summer months, both the temperature and the hu- midity were comparatively higher, resulted in more CO2 with lighter δ^13C generated from organic matters decomposition and plants respiration. The average DIC- δ^13C value was -11%o, about 11%o heavier than the δ^13C of organic matters in soils, which proved that part of DIC in cave drip water was sourced from dissolution of inorganic carbonate （host rock, with heavier δ^13C. As for the δ^13C of active deposits at five drip water sites in Furong cave, they had almost the same variation with relatively light values. In other words, these active speleothems were deposited at equilibrium conditions for isotopic fractionation. These results suggest that the carbon isotopic information of speleothems could be used to track the evolution of local vegetation in certain situations.展开更多
文摘The content of dimethylallylamine was determined using glacial acetic acid as solvent, acetic-formic mixture as an anhydrite, perchloric acid-glacial acetic acid as titrant, and 1% crystal violet in acetic acid as indicator in the presence of methylamine and dimethylamine The influences of inert constituents and water on the titration were investigated, and a complete analytical method was determined. The results showed that the determination error of total amines increased with water increasing, while the effect of water on the determination of dimethylallylamine was little when the amount of water was within 5%, the relative error was generally within 1%, and that the end-point was acutely when about 10% chloroform was added. Compared with gas chromatography, this method is simple, convenient and accurate.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20576057） and Fundamental Research Foundation of Tsinghua University （JCqn2005033）.
文摘Long-terrn injectable microspheres have some inherent disadvantages such as migration of microspheres from the originalsite an.d the burst effect. In order to avoid these problems, microsphere-loaded thermosensitive, hydrogel system was designed and expected to achieve a zero-order release Of biomolecular drugs in relativehigh initial drug loadings. Lysozyme, an antibacterial protein usually used to reduce prosthetic valve endocarditis,was selected as the model drug. Poly （DL-lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） microspheres, prepared by solvent evaporation method, were employee to encapsulate lysozyme and dispersed into thermosensitive pre-gel solution containing methylcellulose （MC）, polyethylene glycol （PEG）, sodium citrate （SC）, and sodium alginate （SA）. The mixture could act asadrug reservoir by.performing sol-gel transition rapidly if the temperature was raised from roomtemperature to 37℃. The in vitro release results showed that the burst effect was avoided due to strengthening ofdiffusion resistance in the gel. The formulation was able.to deliver lysozy.me for over.30 daysin a nearly zero-order release profile with a rate of 32.8μg.d^-1 which exhibits its remarkable potential for effective aoolication in long-term drug delivery.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29792074, No. 29836130) and SINOPEC.
文摘For the mass transfer to single drops during the stage of steady buoyancy-driven motion, experimental measurement is complicated with the terminal effect of additional mass transfer during drop formation and coalescence at the drop collector. Analysis reveals that consistent operating conditions and experimental procedure are of critical significance for minimizing the terminal effect of drop coalescence on the accuracy of mass transfer measurements. The novel design of a totally-closed extraction column is proposed for this purpose, which guarantees that the volumetric rate of drop phase injection is exactly equal to that of withdrawal of drops. Tests in two extraction systems demonstrate that the experimental repeatability is improved greatly and the terminal effect of mass transfer during drop coalescence is brought well under control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1562105,11372313)the Chinese Academy of Sciences through CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team Project+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC019)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(Grant No.XDB22040401)
文摘The formations of desiccation cracks and their pattems in drying droplets of protein solutions are studied experimentally. The solvent evaporation causes the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in colloidal droplets, followed by the formations of desiccation cracks. Two categories of highly ordered crack patterns, which we name ＂daisy＂ and ＂wavy-ring＂, are identified in the drying droplets. We explore the shifting of crack patterns from the ＂daisy＂ to the ＂wavy-ring＂ by varying the concentration of protein droplets. The results show that the concentration correlates with the pattern of deposition film directly, and modulates the periodicity of the crack pattern. We investigate the formations and periodicities of these two kinds of crack patterns, and obtain the scaling law of periodicity of the ＂wavy-ring＂ crack pattern. The relationship between the deposition pattern and the highly ordered crack patterns is also examined. This study will help in understanding the formation mechanisms of crack patterns in drying droplets of protein solutions and assist the future design of crack patterns in practical applications.
基金partially supported by the Dean’s Research Funding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.Z141100000514005)
文摘As a class of newly emerging functional material, Gallium based liquid metals have attracted increasing attentions in many fields, such as chip cooling, printed electronics and microfiuidics, etc. Particularly, the motion control of liquid metal droplet has been recently tried for its importance in microelectromechanical system （MEMS）, microfluidics and potential use in micro-machine or reconfigurable soft robot. This paper is dedicated to explore the motion behavior of liquid metal droplet under AC electric field. The quickly induced oscillation phenomena of liquid metal droplet and surrounding electrolyte solution were observed and the major factors to influence such behaviors are theoretically interpreted and experimentally investigated, including the size of the liquid metal droplet, electrode voltage, electrolyte solution concentration and AC signal frequency etc. Moreover, some typical features to distinguish AC filed actuation with DC field are observed, such as intensive fluid waving induced by the resonance stimulation, and the efficient inhibition of solution electrolysis. Finally, two important applications of adopting AC induced surface oscillation of liquid metal droplet to develop solution mixer as well as fluidic pump were demonstrated which successfully avoid gas generation inside electrolyte environment. The bulk oscillation effects of liquid metal as clarified here could be very useful in a variety of areas such as solution disturbance and mixing, and fluid oscillator or pump etc.
基金supported by Open Foundation of the Karst Dynamics Laboratory,China (Grant Nos.GKN0842008 and KDL2008-08)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40802035,41030103,41172165 and 40971122)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,CAS,China (Grant No. SKLLQG0907)Key Project of Special Research Foundation of Southwest University,China (Grant Nos. XDJK2009B016 and XDJK2009C106)
文摘Here we use an analytical method to determine δ^13C in local plants and organic matter in the soils above Furong cave, Chong- qing, China. We also monitored d13C in dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） of drip water, δ^13C of active deposits under the drip waters, and the concentration of air CO2 （PCO2）. Based on these, we preliminarily studied the transportation characteristics of stable carbon isotope （^13C） in cave system of the subtropical karst area. The average δ^13C value of 27 local plant samples, which belong to 16 families, was -32% and the weighted δ^13C for surface dry biomass was -33%0. We found that for 54 soil samples collected from 5 soil profiles, δ^13C of soil organic matters was -22%o, which could be attributed to the different trans- portation rates of stable carbon isotopes during the decomposition of plants and organic matters in soils. The relatively lighter 12C tended to transfer into gaseous CO2, which made the relatively heavier ^13C concentrated in the soils. On the basis of moni- toring of DIC- δ^13C in drip waters from July 2009 to June 2010, we found that values in winter months were heavier and values in summer months were lighter in general, the reason of which was that in summer months, both the temperature and the hu- midity were comparatively higher, resulted in more CO2 with lighter δ^13C generated from organic matters decomposition and plants respiration. The average DIC- δ^13C value was -11%o, about 11%o heavier than the δ^13C of organic matters in soils, which proved that part of DIC in cave drip water was sourced from dissolution of inorganic carbonate （host rock, with heavier δ^13C. As for the δ^13C of active deposits at five drip water sites in Furong cave, they had almost the same variation with relatively light values. In other words, these active speleothems were deposited at equilibrium conditions for isotopic fractionation. These results suggest that the carbon isotopic information of speleothems could be used to track the evolution of local vegetation in certain situations.
