基于声发射b值演化的脆性岩石裂纹起裂应力评价方法

岩石裂纹起裂应力的识别和研究对认识脆性岩石受载变形及破坏过程具有重要意义。系统总结了现有的裂纹起裂应力确定方法(裂纹体积应变法、侧向应变法、移动点法、声发射振铃计数法)及存在的问题,并以单轴压缩条件下岩石破裂过程中声发射幅值及b值分析为基础,提出了一种基于声发射b值演化的脆性岩石裂纹起裂应力评价方法。采用GAW2000单轴刚性试验机和声发射测试仪开展了一系列变辉长岩和花岗岩的单轴加载试验,根据力学及声发射测试结果,对所提方法及现有方法进行了评价。研究结果表明:声发射b值演化法具有明确的物理机制及意义,可以方便准确地确定起裂应力大小,测定应力结果与现有方法所得结果具有一致性。通过方差分析可知,所提方法与现有方法不存在统计差异,验证了该方法测定裂纹起裂应力的可靠性。2类岩样的起裂应力均与单轴抗压强度呈正线性相关,使用所提方法确定的变辉长岩起裂应力约为单轴抗压强度的0.51倍,花岗岩起裂应力约为单轴抗压强度的0.48倍。所提方法及研究成果对于丰富岩石裂纹起裂应力测试手段和探究岩石脆性破坏机制具有一定的价值。

基于Pareto强度值演化的FPRs知识表示参数优化

提出一种新的参数优化模型和求解算法,引入模糊熵来指导模糊产生式规则(FPRs)的参数优化,给出基于极大模糊熵定理的参数优化模型,提出求解该模型的Pareto强度值的演化算法。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效优化参数,一定程度上避免过度拟合,提高了FPRs的知识表示能力。

全局最优化的平滑积分变换方法Ⅱ.极值演化模式与权重函数的选取

对于一元六次多项式目标函数全局最优化问题的平滑积分变换方法进行了仔细研究．给出了目标函数的极值在平滑变形过程中的演化模式，得到了为达到最佳平滑效果对积分变换权重函数的限制．

熵值理论在多目标演化中的应用研究

为了克服传统多目标演化算法在进化后期遗传操作可能失效使算法性能降低以及基于概率建模的多目标算法在演化初期由于种群分布尚未呈现一定规律,采样产生的新个体的搜索方向同目标方向存在差异,提出一种基于熵值的多目标演化算法(entropy based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm,EB-MOEA)。算法利用种群进化过程中,个体分布存在从无序到有序的现象,设计了一种基于熵值理论的种群分布计算方法,并将其作为种群从无序到有序过渡的判定准则,指导遗传操作和概率建模操作切换的时机。新算法采用ZDT、DTLZ系列测试集进行实验,通过与NSGA-Ⅱ以及RM-MEDA算法的实验对比,证明了新判断准则的有效性,EB-MOEA具有更好的寻优性能。

模拟电路的多目标优化与演化设计

对模拟电路设计中涉及的多个目标进行了定义与量化,并针对这些目标提出一种面向模拟电路演化设计的多目标遗传算法,该方法利用非支配排序和适应值共享策略来提高搜索方向的空间均匀性,引入基于电路构造指令的编码方案来支持电路自动生成和提高电路演化的效率,并且该编码方案也同样适用于数字电路。利用协同演化的适应值评估策略来增强种群的学习能力,提高演化效率。实验结果表明,该方法可以设计出更实用、简单的模拟电路。

基于小世界网络模型的学术创新力演化分析

研究了基于小世界网络模型下的创新体系中学术创新力的演化问题.学术创新体系包含研究人员与管理体制两大要素,而学术创新力是组成创新体系各要素之间相互作用的结果.以组织科学中的NK影响矩阵,描述高校创新体系的小世界组织结构,其中N表示系统中个体的数目,K表示个体的邻域尺度.以自组织理论中极值动力学机制来模拟创新体系的演化.最后,通过计算机进行模拟演化.结果表明,对于给定的N和K,基于小世界网络的创新体系的极值动力学演化结果与网络的拓扑结构无关,而仅N给定时,系统创新力演化结果与个体的邻域尺度K紧密相关.

湍流边界层底层相干结构的一个理论模型

本文采用非线性稳定性分析方法,研究了湍流边界层底层相干结干结构的成因.计算得到的增长最快的不稳定波的展向尺度与纵向尺度都与实验相符.这一分析的特点是采用了不同于湍流平均速度剖面的更合理的速度剖面作为稳定性分析的基础,并采用了新的非线性理论.文中结果有助于理解湍流边界层底层相干结构的拟有序现象.

某飞机机轮轮毂疲劳寿命分析的损伤力学方法

以某型飞机机轮轮毂为研究对象,对轮毂的疲劳寿命采用损伤力学方法进行分析。首先采用有限元软件Ansys对轮毂结构进行细节应力分析,结合实际情况确定其疲劳危险部位。然后采用损伤力学方法,通过引入损伤变量和损伤驱动力,构建反映材料损伤演化速率的损伤演化方程,并根据手册提供的材料疲劳性能曲线,计算出轮毂材料的疲劳损伤演化门槛值。进而根据损伤力学方法和有限元细节应力计算结果,分析轮毂危险部位的应力循环特征。最终对飞机机轮轮毂的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命范围进行判别,得到疲劳寿命符合设计要求的结论。

五度相生律中“旋宫转调”问题探索

重新回到毕达哥拉斯学派的“五度相生律”进行音律探索,寻找他们之间存在的关系,解决“旋宫转调”的问题。

Theoretical and numerical study on reinforcing effect of rock-bolt through composite soft rock-mass

Anchoring mechanism and failure characteristics of composite soft rock with weak interface usually exhibit remarkable difference from those in single rock mass.In order to fully understand the reinforcement mechanism of composite soft roof in western mining area of China,a mechanical model of composite soft rock with weak interface and rock bolt which considering the transverse shear sliding between different rock layers was established firstly.The anchoring effect was quantified by a factor defined as anchoring effect coefficient and its evolution equation was further deduced based on the deformation relationship and homogenized distribution assumption of stress acting on composite structure.Meanwhile,the numerical simulation model of composite soft rock with shear joint was prompted by finite element method.Then detailed analysis were carried out for the deformation features,stress distribution and failure behavior of rock mass and rock bolt near the joint under transverse load.The theoretical result indicates that the anchoring effect of rock-bolt through weak joint changes with the working status of rock mass and closely relates with the physical and geometric parameters of rock mass and rock bolt.From the numerical results,the bending deformation of rock bolt accurately characterized by Doseresp model is mainly concentrated between two plastic hinges near the shear joint.The maximum tensile and compression stresses distribute in the plastic hinge.However,the maximum shear stress appears at the positions of joint surface.The failure zones of composite rock are produced firstly at the joint surface due to the reaction of rock bolt.The above results laid a theoretical and computational foundation for further study of anchorage failure in composite soft rock.

The Involutive Solutions of the Representation Equation Associated with the Bargmann System

In this paper, by a nonlinear procedure of a eigenvalue problem, we get a Bargmann system and prove it is a completely in tegrable system in the meanning of Liouville. By the way, the involutive solutio n of the representation equation is given.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Casual Analysis of County Level Economy in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China

In order to evaluate whether or not the county units′ economy in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Chang-Zhu-Tan) Urban Agglomeration was growing as expected, this study analyzed the spatial economy pattern at county-level by using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA) method. In this process, the global Moran′s I and local Getis-Ord G*i indexes were employed to analyze indicators including per capita GDP and three industrials(i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary industry) from 2000 to 2010. The results show that: 1) the county units′ economy in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration has exhibited a strong spatial autocorrelation and an accelerated integration trend since 2008(Moran′ s I increased from 0.26 to 0.56); 2) there is a significant difference in economy development between the northern and southern county units in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration: the hotspot zone with high economic level was formed among the northern county units whereas the coldspot zone with low economic level was located in the southern areas. This difference was caused primarily by the increasingly prominent economic radiation effect of Changsha ′upheaval′; 3) town density, secondary industry, and the integration policy are the major contributors driving the evolution of the spatial economy pattern in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration.

Projection of PM_(2.5) and Ozone Concentration Changes over the Jing-Jin-Ji Region in China

Based on GISS-E2-R model simulations, the changes in PM2.5 and ozone concentrations during 2016– 35 are analyzed over the Jing-Jin-Ji region under different future emissions scenarios: 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios(RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5), compared to the baseline periods of 1851–70(pre-industrial) and 1986–2005(present day). The results show that PM2.5 increases under all emissions scenarios, with the maximum value occurring in the southeastern part of the region under most scenarios. As for ozone, its concentration is projected to increase during 2016–35 under all emissions scenarios, compared to the baseline periods. The temporal evolutions of PM2.5 and ozone show PM2.5 reaching a peak during 2020–40, while ozone will likely increase steadily in the future.

新闻热点分析系统实现

对网络的数据进行抓取,并对其进行分析,已经对分析的结果进行展示已经成为当前互联网时代迫切需求。本文基于SSH2构建了系统,前台使用基于BootStrap的响应时布局,从整体上实现了JSOUP实现了网络数据的爬虫数据获取,基于TF-IDF的数据分析,最后对分析数据的结果进行展示,展示时使用了HighCharts对热点内容进行了图形显示。

Registration of image feature points using differential evolution

This paper introduces a robust global nonlinear optimizer—differential evolution(DE),which is a simple evolution algorithm to search for an optimal transformation that makes the best alignment of two sets of feature points.To map the problem of matching into the framework of DE,the objective function is proportional to the registration error which is measured by Hausdorff distance,while the parameters of transformation are encoded in floating-point as the functional variables.Three termination criteria are proposed for DE.A simulation of 2-dimensional point sets and a similarity transformation are presented to compare the robustness and convergence properties of DE with genetic algorithm’s (GA).And the registration of an object and its contour model have been demonstrated by using of DE to natural images.

The Impacts of Initial Perturbations on the Computational Stability of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

The impacts of initial perturbations on the computational stability of nonlinear evolution equations for non-conservative difference schemes and non-periodic boundary conditions are studied through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments for the case of onedimensional equations.The sensitivity of the difference scheme to initial values is further analyzed.The results show that the computational stability primarily depends on the form of the initial values if the difference scheme and boundary conditions are determined.Thus,the computational stability is sensitive to the initial perturbations.

Numerical simulation of wheel wear evolution for heavy haul railway

The prediction of the wheel wear is a fundamental problem in heavy haul railway. A numerical methodology is introduced to simulate the wheel wear evolution of heavy haul freight car. The methodology includes the spatial coupling dynamics of vehicle and track, the three-dimensional rolling contact analysis of wheel-rail, the Specht's material wear model, and the strategy for reproducing the actual operation conditions of railway. The freight vehicle is treated as a full 3D rigid multi-body model. Every component is built detailedly and various contact interactions between parts are accurately simulated, taking into account the real clearances. The wheel-rail rolling contact calculation is carried out based on Hertz's theory and Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm. The track model is built based on field measurements. The material loss due to wear is evaluated according to the Specht's model in which the wear coefficient varies with the wear intensity. In order to exactly reproduce the actual operating conditions of railway,dynamic simulations are performed separately for all possible track conditions and running velocities in each iterative step.Dimensionless weight coefficients are introduced that determine the ratios of different cases and are obtained through site survey. For the wheel profile updating, an adaptive step strategy based on the wear depth is introduced, which can effectively improve the reliability and stability of numerical calculation. At last, the wear evolution laws are studied by the numerical model for different wheels of heavy haul freight vehicle running in curves. The results show that the wear of the front wheelset is more serious than that of the rear wheelset for one bogie, and the difference is more obvious for the outer wheels. The wear of the outer wheels is severer than that of the inner wheels. The wear of outer wheels mainly distributes near the flange and the root; while the wear of inner wheels mainly distributes around the nominal rolling circle. For the outer wheel of front wheelset of each bogie, the development of wear is gradually concentrated on the flange and the developing speed increases continually with the increase of traveled distance.

Numerical simulation study of the failure evolution process and failure mode of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways

Based on the safety coefficient method,which assigns rock failure criteria to calculate the rock mass unit,the safety coefficient contour of surrounding rock is plotted to judge the distribution form of the fractured zone in the roadway.This will provide the basis numerical simulation to calculate the surrounding rock fractured zone in a roadway.Using the single factor and multi-factor orthogonal test method,the evolution law of roadway surrounding rock displacements,plastic zone and stress distribution under different conditions is studied.It reveals the roadway surrounding rock burst evolution process,and obtains five kinds of failure modes in deep soft rock roadway.Using the fuzzy mathematics clustering analysis method,the deep soft surrounding rock failure model in Zhujixi mine can be classified and patterns recognized.Compared to the identification results and the results detected by geological radar of surrounding rock loose circle,the reliability of the results of the pattern recognition is verified and lays the foundations for the support design of deep soft rock roadways.

Tunnel failure in hard rock with multiple weak planes due to excavation unloading of in-situ stress

Natural geological structures in rock(e.g.,joints,weakness planes,defects)play a vital role in the stability of tunnels and underground operations during construction.We investigated the failure characteristics of a deep circular tunnel in a rock mass with multiple weakness planes using a 2D combined finite element method/discrete element method(FEM/DEM).Conventional triaxial compression tests were performed on typical hard rock(marble)specimens under a range of confinement stress conditions to validate the rationale and accuracy of the proposed numerical approach.Parametric analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the influence of inclination angle,and length on the crack propagation behavior,failure mode,energy evolution,and displacement distribution of the surrounding rock.The results show that the inclination angle strongly affects tunnel stability,and the failure intensity and damage range increase with increasing inclination angle and then decrease.The dynamic disasters are more likely with increasing weak plane length.Shearing and sliding along multiple weak planes are also consistently accompanied by kinetic energy fluctuations and surges after unloading,which implies a potentially violent dynamic response around a deeply-buried tunnel.Interactions between slabbing and shearing near the excavation boundaries are also discussed.The results presented here provide important insight into deep tunnel failure in hard rock influenced by both unloading disturbance and tectonic activation.

Exact Soliton Solutions to a Generalized Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation

The （1＋1）-dimensional F-expansion technique and the homogeneous nonlinear balance principle have been generalized and applied for solving exact solutions to a general （3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear Schr6dinger equation （NLSE） with varying coefficients and a harmonica potential. We found that there exist two kinds of soliton solutions. The evolution features of exact solutions have been numerically studied. The （3＋1）D soliton solutions may help us to understand the nonlinear wave propagation in the nonlinear media such as classical optical waves and the matter waves of the Bose-Einstein condensates.