Natural condition in Western China is relatively poor and regional economy level is low. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged by population growth and over-exploitation of natural resources. It is ver...Natural condition in Western China is relatively poor and regional economy level is low. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged by population growth and over-exploitation of natural resources. It is very important for coordinating the regional development and safeguarding ecological security to discuss the eco-environment evolution trend and its sustainable development strategies in Western China. Based on analyzing documents and relative research,the changes of main ecological and environmental problems in the western region,such as degradation of forest and grassland ecosystems,shrinkage of wetland,desertification,water and soil erosion,etc. were synthetically discussed. Then,according to the development trend,some countermeasures for eco-environment protection and rehabilitation and sustainable development were proposed.展开更多
A new Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy with non-dendritic microstructure was prepared by strain induced melt activation(SIMA)process.The effect of compression ratio on the evolution of semisolid microstructure of the experime...A new Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy with non-dendritic microstructure was prepared by strain induced melt activation(SIMA)process.The effect of compression ratio on the evolution of semisolid microstructure of the experimental alloy was investigated.The results indicate that the average size ofα-Mg grains decreases and spheroidizing tendency becomes more obvious with the compression ratios increasing from 0 to 40%.In addition,the eutectic Mg2Si phase in the Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy transforms completely from the initial fishbone shape to globular shape by SIMA process.With the increasing of compression ratio,the morphology and average size of Mg2Si phases do not change obviously.The morphology modification mechanism of Mg2Si phase in Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy by SIMA process was also studied.展开更多
CrAlYN coatings with different Y contents(0,5 and 12 at.%)were deposited by cathodic arc evaporation to investigate the influence of Y-addition on the structure,mechanical and thermal properties of CrAlN coatings by u...CrAlYN coatings with different Y contents(0,5 and 12 at.%)were deposited by cathodic arc evaporation to investigate the influence of Y-addition on the structure,mechanical and thermal properties of CrAlN coatings by using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,thermal gravimetric analysis and nanoindentation.The structural transformation of single phase cubic Cr_(0.42)Al_(0.58)N and Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N coatings to cubic−wurtzite mixed Cr_(0.32)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.12)N coating leads to a drop in hardness from(30.2±0.7)GPa of Cr_(0.42)Al_(0.58)N and(32.0±1.0)GPa of Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N to(25.2±0.7)GPa of Cr_(0.32)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.12)N.The incorporation of 5 at.%Y retards the thermal decomposition of CrAlN,verified by the postponed precipitation of w-AlN and N-loss upon annealing.Correspondingly,Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N coating consistently exhibits the highest hardness value during thermal annealing.Nevertheless,alloying with Y exerts an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance of CrAlN.展开更多
Multi-stage triaxial compression tests for cylindrical red sandstone specimens(diameter of 50 mm,height of 100 mm) were carried out with a rock mechanics testing system and spatial acoustic emission(AE) locations were...Multi-stage triaxial compression tests for cylindrical red sandstone specimens(diameter of 50 mm,height of 100 mm) were carried out with a rock mechanics testing system and spatial acoustic emission(AE) locations were obtained by adopting an AE monitoring system.Based on spatial AE distribution evolution of red sandstone during multi-stage triaxial deformation,the relation between spatial AE events and triaxial deformation of red sandstone was analyzed.The results show that before peak strength,the spatial AE events are not active and distribute stochastically in the specimen,while after peak strength,the spatial AE events are very active and focus on a local region beyond final microscopic failure plane.During multi-stage triaxial deformation with five different confining pressures,the spatial AE distribution evolution in the red sandstone was obtained.The obtained spatial AE locations of red sandstone at the final confining pressure agree very well with the ultimate failure experimental mode.Finally,the influence of confining pressure on the spatial AE evolution characteristics of red sandstone during triaxial deformation was discussed.The AE behavior of red sandstone during multi-stage triaxial deformation is interpreted in the light of the Kaiser effect,which has a significant meaning for predicting the unstable failure of engineering rock mass.展开更多
Based on online observations of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) for five consecutive years from January 2013 to December 2017 in Beijing, combined with simultaneous measurement of gaseous precursors and meteorological ...Based on online observations of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) for five consecutive years from January 2013 to December 2017 in Beijing, combined with simultaneous measurement of gaseous precursors and meteorological parameters, the evolution and meteorological causes of fineparticle explosive growth(FPEG) events were analyzed. During the 5-year observation period,132 FPEG events were observed and these events were further divided into three types(3-, 6-, and 9-h events) according to their evolution duration. The majority of FPEG events were observed in winter under the conditions of higher gas precursor concentrations and unfavorable meteorological conditions. The average concentration of PM2.5 during winter FPEG events changed little from 2013 to 2016, whereas it decreased significantly in 2017, in accordance with the similar variation of gaseous species(SO2, NO2, and CO). In addition, the higher wind speeds and lowest relative humidity observed in 2017 were also conducive to the decrease in PM2.5. The evolutions of FPEG events and normal haze episodes were analyzed, revealing that the rate of increase in NO2 was much greater than that of SO2, suggesting more of a contribution from mobile sources than stationary sources. The polar Plot results suggest that the transportation from the southeast area of Beijing plays a major role in the formation of 3-h events, whereas local emissions is the main contributory factor for 9-h events and normal haze episodes. However, further quantitative analysis regarding the contributions of these factors is still needed.展开更多
We propose a scheme to generate two-atom maximally entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamies (QED). The scheme can 5e extended to generation of entangled multi-atom Dicke states if we control the interaction...We propose a scheme to generate two-atom maximally entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamies (QED). The scheme can 5e extended to generation of entangled multi-atom Dicke states if we control the interaction time of atoms with cavity modes. We use adiabatically state evolution under large atom-cavity detuning, so the scheme is insensitive to atomic spontaneous decay. The influence of cavity decay on fidelity and success probability is discussed.展开更多
The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through rec...The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through recourse to Rich BOYER′s nine-factor theory, this study attempted to evaluate and rank 31 target cities, by using the data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2002. Our research results show that the quality of a city′s living space is in positive correlation with its size, and that there will be changing demands for the quality of the urban living space as a result of future social, economic, sci-tech, cultural and educational developments, combined with the improvement of the overall quality of urban residents. Previous research was focused on the quality of food, housing, education, transportation and entertainment. However, with the development of the knowledge-economy, such factors as information accessibility, green environment, and air quality, will be major considerations in the quality evaluation of the urban living space.展开更多
Starting from the definition of agricultural structure,this paper firstly analyzes the change of industrial and spatial structure of agriculture of Pan-Yangtze River Delta,then inspects the relationship between the de...Starting from the definition of agricultural structure,this paper firstly analyzes the change of industrial and spatial structure of agriculture of Pan-Yangtze River Delta,then inspects the relationship between the development of economics and the evolution of agricultural structure,an the end it provides policy recommendation about the development and adjustment of agricultural structure for the future.展开更多
China's industrial economy's.growth has steadily evolved into a period of slowdown but the development momentum of its industrialization and urbanization requires and supports a relatively high rate of growth ...China's industrial economy's.growth has steadily evolved into a period of slowdown but the development momentum of its industrialization and urbanization requires and supports a relatively high rate of growth of the industry.Rapid growth has transformed into an era of "steady progress ".That heralds great changes in the momentum of growth,the nature of institutional systems,and policy concepts of the industrial economy.The character of industry and the achievement of healthy development are the essence of industrial advancement in the era. "Steady progress" requires a stabilization of attitude,policy and expectation. "Progress " calls for better quality of growth,equilibrium and environmental performance.Above all,advancing reforms is fundamental to achieving these new objectives of the "steady progress ".As market is potentially powerful while government's function is limited,only moderate,prudent and cautious government regulation will provide the reliable policy assurances necessary to set China's economy firmly on the track of steady progress and sustainable growth.展开更多
The history of the formation and development of Chinese civilization is also a civilization history of water conservancy. Water not only gives birth to Chinese civilization but also gives birth to the unique regional ...The history of the formation and development of Chinese civilization is also a civilization history of water conservancy. Water not only gives birth to Chinese civilization but also gives birth to the unique regional culture in Lingnan. In the past thousands of year, from the ancient myths and legends of Lingnan water conservancy culture to the digging of efficacious Canal's integration of the nationalities in Lingnan, to the blending of water and culture of the Xijiang River and the North River of the Zhujiang water system and the formation of urban river culture, development of its generation, deduction and inheritance has the mutual penetration with the formation of water system and the variation of water conservancy which mutually influence the historical evolvement of Lingnan regional culture.展开更多
Corporate governance is a relatively young field. Nonetheless, the research in this domain has been growing at an impressive speed in recent decades. Analysis of corporate governance has become a key factor in our und...Corporate governance is a relatively young field. Nonetheless, the research in this domain has been growing at an impressive speed in recent decades. Analysis of corporate governance has become a key factor in our understanding of corporations in recent years, and an indicator of investor confidence in the decisions is taken by the managers and board of directors of the listed companies. This paper evaluates both qualitative and quantitative techniques that are implied in corporate governance field. The methodological techniques are a key element of the research process In this article, the authors developed a content analysis of the published empirical research in order to expose a possible gap between what is currently done versus what needs to be done in terms of the techniques of data analysis used in corporate governance field. The results of this study allow the authors to draw some valuable conclusions regarding the trends in methodological techniques that support the evolution of corporate governance. The findings indicate that, in general, the researchers are inclined to more sophisticated quantitative techniques. However, the use of qualitative techniques remains preponderant among corporate governance scholars.展开更多
Directional solidified(DS) turbine blades are widely used in advanced gas turbine engine. The size and orientation of columnar grains have great influence on the high temperature property and performance of the turbin...Directional solidified(DS) turbine blades are widely used in advanced gas turbine engine. The size and orientation of columnar grains have great influence on the high temperature property and performance of the turbine blade. Numerical simulation of the directional solidification process is an effective way to investigate the grain's growth and morphology,and hence to optimize the process. In this paper,a mathematical model was presented to study the directional solidified microstructures at different withdrawal rates. Ray-tracing method was applied to calculate the temperature variation of the blade. By using a Modified Cellular Automation(MCA) method and a simple linear interpolation method,the mushy zone and the microstructure evolution were studied in detail. Experimental validations were carried out at different withdrawal rates. The calculated cooling curves and microstructure agreed well with those experimental. It is indicated that the withdrawal rate affects the temperature distribution and growth rate of the grain directly,which determines the final size and morphology of the columnar grain. A moderate withdrawal rate can lead to high quality DS turbine blades for industrial application.展开更多
There has been a gradual change of the relation in which narration stands to drama. In this process, narration in drama has undergone a series of transformations in terms of significance, appeal and functionality. It ...There has been a gradual change of the relation in which narration stands to drama. In this process, narration in drama has undergone a series of transformations in terms of significance, appeal and functionality. It has turned, from a suppressed intrusion into dramatic verisimilitude, to a subordinate attendant on plays of reason and passion and then to an epic element in a modernistic turn, and has contemporarily come onto central stage and assumed a particular theatricality of its own. Such an evolving framework corresponds to philosophical and aesthetical developments over time and integrates into an ever-renewing semiotics of drama. Recent developments in Narratology of the theatre provide an inspiring context for understanding this evolution, as they shed light on the generic nature, communi- cational facets and discursive power of dramatic narratives.展开更多
This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public...This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public health strategy. Yet little has been done to understand how or whether it worked on the ground and what difficulties and contradictions emerged in its implementation. Using previously unexplored party archives as well as newly collected oral interviews, this paper moves away from a narrow focus on party politics and policy formulation by examining the reality of health care at the local level and the challenges faced by local authorities and individuals as the campaigns evolved.展开更多
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plkl), a member of a family of serine/threonine kinases, is an attractive target for the development of anti- cancer drugs because it is involved in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and c...Polo-like kinase 1 (Plkl), a member of a family of serine/threonine kinases, is an attractive target for the development of anti- cancer drugs because it is involved in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cytokinesis. This kinase provides two pock- ets for developing Plkl inhibitors: the N-terminal catalytic domain (NCD) and the polo-box domain (PBD). For both of the two pockets, some natural products were identified as Plkl inhibitors and some synthetic Plkl inhibitors were developed by mimicking ATP and phosphopeptides, natural products binding to NCD and PBD respectively. This article not only reviews the progression of Plkl inhibitors binding to these two pockets, but also discusses diversity evolution and jump in the process of drug development using Plkl inhibitors as examples and how they impact on drug design and pharmacopbore modeling.展开更多
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Oceania's islands and the Americas were characterized by high numbers of cases and the spread of the virus to new areas. To better understand the origin of ZIKV, ...Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Oceania's islands and the Americas were characterized by high numbers of cases and the spread of the virus to new areas. To better understand the origin of ZIKV, its epidemic history was reviewed. Although the available records and information are limited, two major genetic lineages of ZIKV were identified in previous studies. However, in this study, three lineages were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of all virus sequences from GenBank, including those of the envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 5 (NS5) coding regions. The spatial and temporal distributions of the three identified ZIKV lineages and the recombination events and mechanisms underlying their divergence and evolution were further elaborated. The potential migration pathway of ZIKV was also characterized. Our findings revealed the central roles of two African countries, Senegal and Cote d'lvoire, in ZIKV evolution and genotypic divergence. Furthermore, our results suggested that the outbreaks in Asia and the Pacific islands originated from Africa. The results provide insights into the geographic origins of ZlKV outbreaks and the spread of the virus, and also contribute to a better understanding of ZlKV evolution, which is important for the prevention and control of ZlKV infections.展开更多
Lop Nur and its near region have been given attention again with implement of the Western Development Strategy of China by the united endeavors of concerned scientific researchers. Some latest achievements have been o...Lop Nur and its near region have been given attention again with implement of the Western Development Strategy of China by the united endeavors of concerned scientific researchers. Some latest achievements have been obtained in aspects of environment and its evolution in Lop Nut and its near region in recent years. In this paper, we briefly review some latest progresses.展开更多
We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species wi...We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria (DUI). We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes (gonochorism) from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-year Plan (2006BAC01A01)~~
文摘Natural condition in Western China is relatively poor and regional economy level is low. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged by population growth and over-exploitation of natural resources. It is very important for coordinating the regional development and safeguarding ecological security to discuss the eco-environment evolution trend and its sustainable development strategies in Western China. Based on analyzing documents and relative research,the changes of main ecological and environmental problems in the western region,such as degradation of forest and grassland ecosystems,shrinkage of wetland,desertification,water and soil erosion,etc. were synthetically discussed. Then,according to the development trend,some countermeasures for eco-environment protection and rehabilitation and sustainable development were proposed.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41807235,50674038).
文摘A new Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy with non-dendritic microstructure was prepared by strain induced melt activation(SIMA)process.The effect of compression ratio on the evolution of semisolid microstructure of the experimental alloy was investigated.The results indicate that the average size ofα-Mg grains decreases and spheroidizing tendency becomes more obvious with the compression ratios increasing from 0 to 40%.In addition,the eutectic Mg2Si phase in the Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy transforms completely from the initial fishbone shape to globular shape by SIMA process.With the increasing of compression ratio,the morphology and average size of Mg2Si phases do not change obviously.The morphology modification mechanism of Mg2Si phase in Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy by SIMA process was also studied.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775560).
文摘CrAlYN coatings with different Y contents(0,5 and 12 at.%)were deposited by cathodic arc evaporation to investigate the influence of Y-addition on the structure,mechanical and thermal properties of CrAlN coatings by using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,thermal gravimetric analysis and nanoindentation.The structural transformation of single phase cubic Cr_(0.42)Al_(0.58)N and Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N coatings to cubic−wurtzite mixed Cr_(0.32)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.12)N coating leads to a drop in hardness from(30.2±0.7)GPa of Cr_(0.42)Al_(0.58)N and(32.0±1.0)GPa of Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N to(25.2±0.7)GPa of Cr_(0.32)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.12)N.The incorporation of 5 at.%Y retards the thermal decomposition of CrAlN,verified by the postponed precipitation of w-AlN and N-loss upon annealing.Correspondingly,Cr_(0.39)Al_(0.56)Y_(0.05)N coating consistently exhibits the highest hardness value during thermal annealing.Nevertheless,alloying with Y exerts an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance of CrAlN.
基金Project(2014CB046905)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2014YC10)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Multi-stage triaxial compression tests for cylindrical red sandstone specimens(diameter of 50 mm,height of 100 mm) were carried out with a rock mechanics testing system and spatial acoustic emission(AE) locations were obtained by adopting an AE monitoring system.Based on spatial AE distribution evolution of red sandstone during multi-stage triaxial deformation,the relation between spatial AE events and triaxial deformation of red sandstone was analyzed.The results show that before peak strength,the spatial AE events are not active and distribute stochastically in the specimen,while after peak strength,the spatial AE events are very active and focus on a local region beyond final microscopic failure plane.During multi-stage triaxial deformation with five different confining pressures,the spatial AE distribution evolution in the red sandstone was obtained.The obtained spatial AE locations of red sandstone at the final confining pressure agree very well with the ultimate failure experimental mode.Finally,the influence of confining pressure on the spatial AE evolution characteristics of red sandstone during triaxial deformation was discussed.The AE behavior of red sandstone during multi-stage triaxial deformation is interpreted in the light of the Kaiser effect,which has a significant meaning for predicting the unstable failure of engineering rock mass.
基金This study was supported by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the people's Republic of China:[Grant Numbers 2017YFC0210000 and 2016YFC0202700]the National Natural Science Foundation of China:[Grant Number 41705110].
文摘Based on online observations of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) for five consecutive years from January 2013 to December 2017 in Beijing, combined with simultaneous measurement of gaseous precursors and meteorological parameters, the evolution and meteorological causes of fineparticle explosive growth(FPEG) events were analyzed. During the 5-year observation period,132 FPEG events were observed and these events were further divided into three types(3-, 6-, and 9-h events) according to their evolution duration. The majority of FPEG events were observed in winter under the conditions of higher gas precursor concentrations and unfavorable meteorological conditions. The average concentration of PM2.5 during winter FPEG events changed little from 2013 to 2016, whereas it decreased significantly in 2017, in accordance with the similar variation of gaseous species(SO2, NO2, and CO). In addition, the higher wind speeds and lowest relative humidity observed in 2017 were also conducive to the decrease in PM2.5. The evolutions of FPEG events and normal haze episodes were analyzed, revealing that the rate of increase in NO2 was much greater than that of SO2, suggesting more of a contribution from mobile sources than stationary sources. The polar Plot results suggest that the transportation from the southeast area of Beijing plays a major role in the formation of 3-h events, whereas local emissions is the main contributory factor for 9-h events and normal haze episodes. However, further quantitative analysis regarding the contributions of these factors is still needed.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds of China under Grant No.0702024BChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project under Grant No.20080430171
文摘We propose a scheme to generate two-atom maximally entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamies (QED). The scheme can 5e extended to generation of entangled multi-atom Dicke states if we control the interaction time of atoms with cavity modes. We use adiabatically state evolution under large atom-cavity detuning, so the scheme is insensitive to atomic spontaneous decay. The influence of cavity decay on fidelity and success probability is discussed.
基金Under theauspices oftheNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40071032)
文摘The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through recourse to Rich BOYER′s nine-factor theory, this study attempted to evaluate and rank 31 target cities, by using the data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2002. Our research results show that the quality of a city′s living space is in positive correlation with its size, and that there will be changing demands for the quality of the urban living space as a result of future social, economic, sci-tech, cultural and educational developments, combined with the improvement of the overall quality of urban residents. Previous research was focused on the quality of food, housing, education, transportation and entertainment. However, with the development of the knowledge-economy, such factors as information accessibility, green environment, and air quality, will be major considerations in the quality evaluation of the urban living space.
基金Supported by National Development and Reform Commission s ProjectResearch on the Economic Linkage and Division and Cooperation of Labor about Pan-Yangtze River Delta (2008-35-11)Anhui Philosophy and Social Project:Research on the Participation of Anhui in the Regional Development of Pan-Yangtze River Delta (AHS-KF07-08D53)
文摘Starting from the definition of agricultural structure,this paper firstly analyzes the change of industrial and spatial structure of agriculture of Pan-Yangtze River Delta,then inspects the relationship between the development of economics and the evolution of agricultural structure,an the end it provides policy recommendation about the development and adjustment of agricultural structure for the future.
文摘China's industrial economy's.growth has steadily evolved into a period of slowdown but the development momentum of its industrialization and urbanization requires and supports a relatively high rate of growth of the industry.Rapid growth has transformed into an era of "steady progress ".That heralds great changes in the momentum of growth,the nature of institutional systems,and policy concepts of the industrial economy.The character of industry and the achievement of healthy development are the essence of industrial advancement in the era. "Steady progress" requires a stabilization of attitude,policy and expectation. "Progress " calls for better quality of growth,equilibrium and environmental performance.Above all,advancing reforms is fundamental to achieving these new objectives of the "steady progress ".As market is potentially powerful while government's function is limited,only moderate,prudent and cautious government regulation will provide the reliable policy assurances necessary to set China's economy firmly on the track of steady progress and sustainable growth.
文摘The history of the formation and development of Chinese civilization is also a civilization history of water conservancy. Water not only gives birth to Chinese civilization but also gives birth to the unique regional culture in Lingnan. In the past thousands of year, from the ancient myths and legends of Lingnan water conservancy culture to the digging of efficacious Canal's integration of the nationalities in Lingnan, to the blending of water and culture of the Xijiang River and the North River of the Zhujiang water system and the formation of urban river culture, development of its generation, deduction and inheritance has the mutual penetration with the formation of water system and the variation of water conservancy which mutually influence the historical evolvement of Lingnan regional culture.
文摘Corporate governance is a relatively young field. Nonetheless, the research in this domain has been growing at an impressive speed in recent decades. Analysis of corporate governance has become a key factor in our understanding of corporations in recent years, and an indicator of investor confidence in the decisions is taken by the managers and board of directors of the listed companies. This paper evaluates both qualitative and quantitative techniques that are implied in corporate governance field. The methodological techniques are a key element of the research process In this article, the authors developed a content analysis of the published empirical research in order to expose a possible gap between what is currently done versus what needs to be done in terms of the techniques of data analysis used in corporate governance field. The results of this study allow the authors to draw some valuable conclusions regarding the trends in methodological techniques that support the evolution of corporate governance. The findings indicate that, in general, the researchers are inclined to more sophisticated quantitative techniques. However, the use of qualitative techniques remains preponderant among corporate governance scholars.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2005CB724105, 2011CB706801)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10477010)+1 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA04Z141)Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects (Grant Nos. 2009ZX04006-041, 2011ZX04014-052)
文摘Directional solidified(DS) turbine blades are widely used in advanced gas turbine engine. The size and orientation of columnar grains have great influence on the high temperature property and performance of the turbine blade. Numerical simulation of the directional solidification process is an effective way to investigate the grain's growth and morphology,and hence to optimize the process. In this paper,a mathematical model was presented to study the directional solidified microstructures at different withdrawal rates. Ray-tracing method was applied to calculate the temperature variation of the blade. By using a Modified Cellular Automation(MCA) method and a simple linear interpolation method,the mushy zone and the microstructure evolution were studied in detail. Experimental validations were carried out at different withdrawal rates. The calculated cooling curves and microstructure agreed well with those experimental. It is indicated that the withdrawal rate affects the temperature distribution and growth rate of the grain directly,which determines the final size and morphology of the columnar grain. A moderate withdrawal rate can lead to high quality DS turbine blades for industrial application.
文摘There has been a gradual change of the relation in which narration stands to drama. In this process, narration in drama has undergone a series of transformations in terms of significance, appeal and functionality. It has turned, from a suppressed intrusion into dramatic verisimilitude, to a subordinate attendant on plays of reason and passion and then to an epic element in a modernistic turn, and has contemporarily come onto central stage and assumed a particular theatricality of its own. Such an evolving framework corresponds to philosophical and aesthetical developments over time and integrates into an ever-renewing semiotics of drama. Recent developments in Narratology of the theatre provide an inspiring context for understanding this evolution, as they shed light on the generic nature, communi- cational facets and discursive power of dramatic narratives.
文摘This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public health strategy. Yet little has been done to understand how or whether it worked on the ground and what difficulties and contradictions emerged in its implementation. Using previously unexplored party archives as well as newly collected oral interviews, this paper moves away from a narrow focus on party politics and policy formulation by examining the reality of health care at the local level and the challenges faced by local authorities and individuals as the campaigns evolved.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013HGCH0015)
文摘Polo-like kinase 1 (Plkl), a member of a family of serine/threonine kinases, is an attractive target for the development of anti- cancer drugs because it is involved in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cytokinesis. This kinase provides two pock- ets for developing Plkl inhibitors: the N-terminal catalytic domain (NCD) and the polo-box domain (PBD). For both of the two pockets, some natural products were identified as Plkl inhibitors and some synthetic Plkl inhibitors were developed by mimicking ATP and phosphopeptides, natural products binding to NCD and PBD respectively. This article not only reviews the progression of Plkl inhibitors binding to these two pockets, but also discusses diversity evolution and jump in the process of drug development using Plkl inhibitors as examples and how they impact on drug design and pharmacopbore modeling.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Basic Work Program(2013FY113500)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Oceania's islands and the Americas were characterized by high numbers of cases and the spread of the virus to new areas. To better understand the origin of ZIKV, its epidemic history was reviewed. Although the available records and information are limited, two major genetic lineages of ZIKV were identified in previous studies. However, in this study, three lineages were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of all virus sequences from GenBank, including those of the envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 5 (NS5) coding regions. The spatial and temporal distributions of the three identified ZIKV lineages and the recombination events and mechanisms underlying their divergence and evolution were further elaborated. The potential migration pathway of ZIKV was also characterized. Our findings revealed the central roles of two African countries, Senegal and Cote d'lvoire, in ZIKV evolution and genotypic divergence. Furthermore, our results suggested that the outbreaks in Asia and the Pacific islands originated from Africa. The results provide insights into the geographic origins of ZlKV outbreaks and the spread of the virus, and also contribute to a better understanding of ZlKV evolution, which is important for the prevention and control of ZlKV infections.
文摘Lop Nur and its near region have been given attention again with implement of the Western Development Strategy of China by the united endeavors of concerned scientific researchers. Some latest achievements have been obtained in aspects of environment and its evolution in Lop Nut and its near region in recent years. In this paper, we briefly review some latest progresses.
文摘We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria (DUI). We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes (gonochorism) from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.