單音漢字與漢詩詩體之内聯性

本文首節對西方漢學界中盛行的漢字字形決定漢詩藝術的觀點提出質疑,後續六節則從分析漢字字音對漢詩藝術的影響入手,剥絲抽繭,一層層地尋繹漢詩詩體之内聯性。首先發現的是,漢字每個字的發音是單音節,而絶大多數字又是含有意義的詞或是能與其他字結合的語素,從而使漢詩發展出一種獨一無二的節奏。此節奏的特點是韻律節奏和意義節奏總體是合二爲一,但兩者之間又存有分離的張力。其次,我們又探察到漢詩節奏與句法密不可分的關係。就傳統句法而言,每種詩體獨特的節奏都決定該詩體組詞造句的主要語序以及可以有何種變動的可能。從現代語法學句法的角度來看,每種詩體獨特的節奏決定了該詩體可以承載何種主謂句式,在時空邏輯的框架呈現何種主客觀現象,同時又可以承載何種題評句,超越時空邏輯關係來並列意象和言語,藉以激發讀者的想象活動。最後,我們從句法演繹到章法、篇法,發現三者都是遵循同樣的組織原則。主謂句所遵循的是時空和因果相連的綫性組織原則,而此原則運用在章節和詩篇的層次之上,便構造出連貫一致的綫性章節和詩篇。同樣,題評句所遵循的是時空和因果斷裂的組織原則,而此原則運用在章節和詩篇的層次之上,便構造出各種不同的斷裂章節和詩篇結構。需要强調的是,漢詩節奏、句法、結構之間的這種内聯不是靜止的關係,而是呈現不斷發展的動態。在近三千年的中國詩史中,爲了開拓新的詩境,詩人孜孜不倦地挖掘漢語自身演變(尤其是雙音化發展)所帶來的機會,借鑒不同的民間音樂曲調以及各類散文,不斷發展出音義皆流轉完美的新節奏,並創造出與之相應的新句式和新結構,爲新詩境的産生提供了所必須的語言空間。新節奏、句式、結構的同時産生通常標誌著一種新詩體的誕生。

A brief analysis of the classical poetry Chinese-English translation： From the perspective of ＂Beauty in three aspects＂

With the growing of mutual communication between different cultures, the translation of classical Chinese poetry becomes quite significant in the contemporary times. This paper first briefly introduces classical Chinese poetry, major classical Chinese poetry translation schools and their representatives, and professor XU Yuan-zhong＇s famous principle of ＂Beauty in three aspects＂. In order to help disseminate this part of Chinese culture through discussing how the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as one reads the original, this paper will analyze the classical poetry Chinese-English translation from the perspective of ＂Beauty in three aspects＂, namely, in three parts--beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form. Thus, it serves the purpose to offer a relatively comprehensive view of the classical poetry Chinese-English translation.