双输入单输出潜遗传变论域模糊控制算法及其收敛性

研究了一种变论域模糊控制算法及其收敛性问题.首先,针对常见的双输入单输出模糊控制器,提出了一种新型的潜遗传变论域模糊控制算法,通过使用模糊单值转换函数,简化了新算法推理后件的变论域操作,显著地减少了计算量.然后,从理论上证明了新算法的收敛性.最后,为了验证算法的有效性,本文将新算法和已有的两个典型算法做了倒立摆实验对比.结果表明,相对于已有算法,由新算法构成的控制器在控制精度上有明显的提高.

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定磷酸肌酸钠中3种潜在遗传毒性杂质

目的建立同时测定磷酸肌酸钠中3种潜在遗传毒性杂质磷酸三乙酯、肌酸磷酸二乙酯、肌酐磷酸二乙酯含量的超高效液相色谱-质谱法(UPLC-MS)。方法采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪,色谱柱ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×10 cm;1.7μm);流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇(60∶40);流速为0.25 mL·min^-1;柱温为30℃;进样量为20μL;电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多反应监测扫描方式采集数据。结果磷酸三乙酯、肌酸磷酸二乙酯、肌酐磷酸二乙酯分别在0.5~135.6、4.1~103.9、0.8~125.6μg·L^-1,峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系;检测限分别为0.2、1.3、0.3μg·kg^-1;定量限分别为0.6、4.1、0.9μg·kg^-1;在高、中、低3个加标水平下,3种杂质的回收率为97.4%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~2.8%。结论该方法简便准确,可用于磷酸肌酸钠中磷酸三乙酯、肌酸磷酸二乙酯、肌酐磷酸二乙酯等杂质的检测。

UPLC-MS/MS测定布洛芬中的潜在遗传毒性杂质(2RS)-2-(4-甲酰基苯基)丙酸

目的:建立UPLC-MS/MS法测定布洛芬中潜在基因毒性杂质(2RS)-2-(4-甲酰基苯基)丙酸。方法:色谱柱:Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7μm),柱温:40℃;流动相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液,流动相B:0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱;流速0.5 ml·min^(-1);采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),以多反应监测模式(MRM)进行正离子扫描,定量离子对为m/z 179→105,定性离子对为m/z 179→133。结果:在该色谱条件下,(2RS)-2-(4-甲酰基苯基)丙酸专属性好,在1.160 5~29.012 5 ng·ml^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.997 1),平均回收率为109.1%(RSD=3.9%,n=9),检测限为0.464 2 ng·ml^(-1),方法检测限为0.000 001 9%。结论:该分析方法简便高效,能有效准确的测定布洛芬中的潜在基因毒性杂质(2RS)-2-(4-甲酰基苯基)丙酸。

GC-MS法测定奥拉西坦原料中的潜在遗传毒性杂质

目的:建立同时测定奥拉西坦原料药中潜在遗传毒性杂质氯乙酸甲酯和(R,S)4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的方法。方法:采用GC-MS法,使用乙酸乙酯进行提取。色谱柱为VF^(-1)701 ms毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm),柱温采用程序升温,进样口温度为220℃,柱流量为1.0 ml·min^(-1),吹扫流量为5.0 ml·min^(-1),进样方式为分流进样,分流比为5∶1,载气为高纯氦气,检测器为MS检测器,离子源温度为230℃,接口温度为230℃,溶剂延迟时间为4 min,离子化模式为电子轰击离子化模式,扫描(检测)方式为选择性离子检测,电子能量为70 e V,进样量为1.0μl。结果:2种杂质成分之间的分离度符合要求,浓度线性范围均为50~400 ng·ml^(-1)(r≥0.999 5),加样回收率分别为89.7%~96.3%(RSD=2.3%,n=9)、91.0%~105.3%(RSD=4.4%,n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、灵敏、迅速,可用于奥拉西坦原料药中2种潜在遗传毒性杂质的测定。

HPLC法测定奥美沙坦酯2个氯代基因毒杂质的含量

是为了建立HPLC 法测定奥美沙坦酯原料药中3和氯代基遗传毒杂质的含量。方法 色谱柱为苯基键合硅烷硅胶为填充剂(Kromail Eternity 5-Pheny Hexyl 250×4.6mm,5μm),用磷酸二氢钾溶液(将2.04克的磷酸二氢钾溶于水中,稀释到1000ml,用磷酸将 pH调整到3.2)作为移动相,用乙腈作为移动相 B,用直线梯度法将其从样品中分离出来;该方法的探测波长为215 nm;流量1.0ml/分钟,温度40℃,10μ L进样。结果 结果表明,在0.17μ g/ml—8.5μ g/ml范围之内,3个样品的峰面积与其含量有很好的相关性(r=0.9999),平均加标为98.9%;结果表明,在0.17μ g/ml—8.5μ g/ml范围之内,杂质4与其峰面积之间有很好的相关性(r=0.9999),平均回收率为103.3%;杂质5质量浓度在0.17μg/ml~8.5μg/ml内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.7%。结论 本方法可用于同时测定奥美沙坦酯原料药中3和氯代基遗传毒杂质的含量,且专属性强,耐用性好。

Optimal dispatching method of traffic incident rescue resource for freeway network

An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.

Genetic Variation in Field Populations of Baculoviruses: Mechanisms for Generating Variation and Its Potential Role in Baculovirus Epizootiology

Baculoviridae is a family of insect-specific DNA viruses that have been used as biological control agents for insect pest control. In most cases these baculovirus control agents are natural field isolates that have been selected based on their infectivity and virulence. The advent of molecular tools such as restriction endonucleases, targeted polymerase chain reaction and new DNA sequencing strategies have allowed for efficient detection and characterization of genotypic variants within and among geographic and temporal isolates of baculovirus species. It has become evident that multiple genotypic variants occur even within individual infected larvae. Clonal strains of baculovirus species derived either by in vitro or in vivo approaches have been shown to vary with respect to infectivity and virulence. Many of the cell culture derived plague-purified strains have deletions that interrupt egt expression leading to virus strains that kill infected hosts more quickly. As well, in vitro clones often involve larger genomic deletions with the loss of pif gene function, resulting in strains deficient for oral infectivity. There are an increasing number of baculovirus species for which complete genome sequences are available for more than one strain or field isolate. Results of comparative analysis of these strains indicated that hr regions and bro genes often mark "hot spots" of genetic variability between strains and of potential recombination events. In addition, the degree of nucleotide polymorphisms between and within strains and their role in amino acid substitutions within ORFs and changes in promoter motifs is also beginning to be appreciated. In this short review the potential mechanisms that generate and maintain this genetic diversity within baculovirus populations is discussed, as is the potential role of genetic variation in host-pathogen interactions.

Optimized Design for the Plow of a Submarine Plowing Trencher

The plow of the submarine plowing trencher is one of the main functional mechanisms, and its optimization is very important. The design parameters play a very significant role in determining the requirements of the towing force of a vessel. A multi-objective genetic algorithm based on analytical models of the plow surface has been examined and applied in efforts to obtain optimal design of the plow. For a specific soil condition, the draft force and moldboard surface area which are the key parameters in the working process of the plow are optimized by finding the corresponding optimal values of the plow blade penetration angle and two surface angles of the main cutting blade of the plow. Parameters such as the moldboard side angle of deviation, moldboard lift angle, angular variation of the tangent line, and the spanning length are also analyzed with respect to the force of the moldboard surface along soil flow direction. Results show that the optimized plow has an improved plow performance. The draft forces of the main cutting blade and the moldboard are 10.6% and 7%, respectively, less than the original design. The standard deviation of Gaussian curvature of moldboard is lowered by 64.5%, which implies that the smoothness of the optimized moldboard surface is much greater than the original.

Improvement of Wild Rice Oryza Longistaminata through Mutation Induction

Influence of a mutation to improve the undesirable traits （shattering, red caryopsis etc.） of wild rice O. longistaminata while preserving its useful genes by radiation 20 Kr gamma rays from 60Co was studied. The mutants issued this irradiation were crossed with the interspecific variety SIK385-b-42-28-28 （O. glaberrima x O. sativa）. Irradiation followed by crossing with interspecific variety generated a large genetic variability, in the subsequent generations, in plant height, maturity, non-shattering grain, kernel colour, spikelets fertility, panicle length, and grain size. This has resulted in identification of promising mutants which possess all the traits of cultivated rice O. sativa （white kernel, non-shattering grain, secondary branchies etc.）. During 2012 rainy season, nineteen selected mutants from M5 and M7 generations were evaluated for yield potential in replicated trials at Longorola station.

Comparison the Genetic Potential of Some Growth ＆ Milk Trait, s of Hybrid （Crossed） Saanen with Native Goat （Lori Black Goat） versus Native Goats in Qom Province

The performance of some growth and milk traits of selected Qomi native （Lori black） goats and hybrids of saanen with native goats during 2008-2010 was compared. Growth traits include birth weight （BW）, one-month weight （1 MW）, weaning weight （WW） and 6-month weight （6 MW）. Also the milk production traits was monthly milk production on 2, 3, 4, 5th months （quantitative traits） and some milk composition included dry matter （%DM）, fat （%F）, and protein （%P） percentage on during of production （qualitative traits）. There were no significant differences in sex, birth type and genetic group for BW. Also the effect of genetic groups on 1 MW, WW, and 6 MW was significant, while effects of sex and birth type on 1 MW, WW and 6 MW was not significant. Also MW （Mothe＇s weight） had no significant effect on BW, 1 MW, WW and 6 MW. The average of daily milk records was 0.48 kg for nativel and 1.1 kg for crossed goats. The maximum monthly milk records in two groups were in second month （native： 0.64 -4- 0.05, crossed： 1.44 ~： 0.12） and the minimum were in fifth month （native： 0.36 ＋ 0.03, crossed： 0.77 -4- 0.05）. %DM, %F and %P in 5th month were higher than other months in two groups. Effects of genetic groups on milk production and also on average of%F, %DM and %P were significant. This study showed that the crossbreeding has a significant effect on most milk production and growth traits in Iranian native goats.

正相高效液相色谱法测定IMH中氯代烷烃类遗传毒性杂质氯代物

目的:建立抗脂肪肝治疗药4,4’-二甲氧基-5,6,5’,6’-双(亚甲二氧基)-2’-吗啉亚甲基联苯-2-甲酸甲酯甲磺酸盐(简称IMH)中氯代烷烃类遗传毒性杂质4,4’-二甲氧基-5,6,5’,6’-双(亚甲二氧基)-2’-氯甲基-2-甲酸甲酯(简称氯代物)的分析方法。方法:采用正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)法,选用Phenomenex Luna■Silica色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以正己烷-异丙醇(95∶5)为流动相,流速0.8 mL·min^(-1),检测波长226 nm,柱温35℃,进样量50μL;采用外标法对氯代物进行定量。结果:在水相中易分解的氯代物在该正相色谱方法条件下能够达到有效分离,专属性良好;氯代物质量浓度在0.03~3.0μg·mL^(-1);的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限和定量限分别为0.15 ng和0.31 ng;平均回收率处于99%~103%,精密度及溶液稳定性良好。3批实测样品中均未检出氯代物,表明后续工艺能有效清除本品中的氯代物。结论:该色谱方法快速、准确、灵敏,能够对IMH中的氯代物进行准确的定性定量分析,有效控制药物安全。同时,可为含有卤代烷烃类遗传毒性杂质的其他药物的质量控制提供参考方法。