棉织物的轧蒸潮态抗皱整理

为减少棉织物传统焙烘抗皱整理对织物断裂强力和白度造成的损伤,对棉织物的轧蒸潮态抗皱整理方法进行探索。讨论棉织物潮态抗皱整理过程中聚马来酸浓度、催化剂用量、汽蒸温度和时间等因素变化对折皱回复角、织物断裂强力及白度的影响。实验结果表明,棉织物进行抗皱整理时采用潮态整理工艺同普通焙烘工艺相比,前者不仅能取得同焙烘工艺相当的抗皱性能,而且织物的其他性能指标如断裂强力等也明显优于焙烘工艺。

汽蒸潮态交联的高易护理性棉织物

采用N-羟甲基酰胺类超低甲醛交联剂SDP1作为防皱整理剂,以汽蒸潮态交联工艺对经液氨处理的全棉牛津纺织物进行易护理整理。整理液组成:SDP1 120 g/L,氯化镁18 g/L,柠檬酸1.2 g/L,渗透剂2 g/L和适当的柔软剂;织物浸轧整理液后进入汽蒸箱,汽蒸箱湿度F=30%,温度150℃,处理时间3 min。处理后织物的外观平整度能达到SA等级4级或略优于4级;即高易护理性的水准。其主要物理机械性能(断裂强力保留率、撕破强力保留率、耐磨性)、白度和手感都优于焙烘工艺。

影响潮态交联工艺的因素研究

研究了影响潮态交联整理织物性能的几个重要因素,包括预烘条件、交联剂用量、pH值和堆置时间等,确定了较佳的潮态交联工艺,即F-ECO 200 g/L,MgCl2.6H2O 25%,1.8 M盐酸30 mmol/L,堆置24 h,80℃预烘2 min。整理后织物的测试结果表明,干、湿折皱回复角可达260.8°和285.8°;经纬向的断裂强力保留率分别为63.6%和68.2%;甲醛含量为50.3 mg/kg。潮态交联织物的回潮率和染色K/S值,均较干态交联时大。通过扫描电镜发现,潮态交联时织物部分处于溶胀状态。

聚羧酸MAA-1室温潮态交联免烫整理工艺的研究

在室温条件下,采用自制聚羧酸对棉织物进行潮态交联,通过对整理剂用量、含潮率、堆置时间和催化剂用量的研究,并与干态交联进行对比,确定了最佳工艺:二浸二轧(轧余率80%,聚羧酸MAA-1 90 g/L,催化剂次磷酸钠50 g/L,pH=2.0),含潮率8%,密封堆置16 h,织物的折皱回复角在230°左右.

汽蒸潮态交联棉织物的甲醛释放问题

采用N-羟甲基酰胺类超低甲醛免烫整理剂SDP1以汽蒸潮态交联的方式对棉织物进行免烫整理,织物可获得优良的整理效果,但存在甲醛释放量偏高的问题。通过分析汽蒸与焙烘整理织物的交联程度、水洗后甲醛量和折皱回复角,探讨汽蒸整理织物甲醛释放量偏高的原因。结果表明:汽蒸整理织物上醚键连接的缩聚产物以及N-羟甲基单端产物是造成整理织物甲醛释放量偏高的主要原因;经20次的循环洗涤,汽蒸交联织物的释放甲醛量约为110 mg/kg,难以满足GB18401—2010中B类纺织品的限量要求。

聚羧酸室温潮态交联免烫整理工艺的研究

采用自制的聚羧酸,在室温条件下对棉织物进行潮态交联,通过对聚羧酸用量、含潮率、堆置时间和催化剂用量的研究以及与干态交联的对比,确定出最佳工艺为:二浸二轧(轧余率80%,聚羧酸80 g/L,催化剂50 g/L,pH2.0),含潮率8%,密封堆置20 h,织物的折皱回复角在230°左右.

染色织物潮态定形色差的产生原因

染色织物潮态定形时产生色差的原因,包括轧车压力不匀,烘箱循环风机转速不匀,烘箱结构使织物水分蒸发速率过快,染料和整理剂选择不当等,应针对实际情况采取相应的解决措施。

纯棉织物室温潮态交联防皱整理工艺的研究

在纯棉织物的防皱整理中,过度的强力损伤历来是一个突出的问题,研究降低纯棉织物防皱整理的强力损伤有十分重要的意义.用自制的改性2D树脂DPX及强力保护剂QLB,在室温及潮态条件下,对纯棉织物进行防皱整理,获得了良好的防皱效果,能显著降低织物的强力损伤,布面游离甲醛量低于75mg/kg.

影响电冰箱潮态绝缘电阻的因素

本文分析了影响电冰箱潮态绝缘电阻的因素,提出应提高零部件标准中规定的潮态绝缘电阻和泄漏电流值。按国家标准GB4706.1一84'家用和类似用途电器的安全通用要求'和GB4706 .13一87'家用和类似用途电器的安全。

基于电容式触摸按键防潮设计研究

文章分析了电容式触摸按键在高潮态水汽或凝露水的环境下,触摸按键检测扫人体手指触摸按键式产生电容变化,并导致触摸按键误触发的原因。阐述在高潮态下触摸按键误触发各种场景及误触发的机理。提出电容式触摸按键检测法主要是通过调整触摸电极硬件设计,优化触摸软件逻辑来改善潮态对触摸效果的影响,能极大的提升触摸按键的可靠性和用户体验。

免烫整理的技术进步与现状(一)

免烫(抗皱)整理作为纺织品化学整理的一大分支,已有80多年的历史。文中分析了棉织物免烫整理的交联分布,综述了该整理技术由最初的防缩防皱(或树脂)整理不断演变为抗皱整理、免烫(或洗可穿、易可理)整理,以及耐久压烫整理的发展过程。介绍了当前的几种新型免烫整理工艺,即潮交联工艺、温和(或低温)焙烘工艺,以及轧烘焙工艺的新进展——强韧棉工艺。

基于焓差法的分体式空调器测试分析

焓差法是一种测定空调器制冷、制热能力的试验方法。现介绍了焓差法测试系统原理,以某台空调器在非标准工况下的潮态试验为例,主要探讨了3种问题出现的原因,并制定了相应的解决方案。

IEC 60950-1 A2:2013最新变化及其对电源的设计影响

介绍了IEC 60950-1最新增补件A2主要修订的技术内容和形式内容。详细说明了对电源设计影响较大的两处更改:对气体放电管(GDT)基本绝缘的耐压要求及热带条件下的潮态测试,并给出了相应的设计建议。

Influence of light availability on the specific density,size and sinking loss of Anabaena flos-aquae and Scenedesmus obliquus

Harmful algal blooms in eutrophic waters pose a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems and human health. In-situ light availability control is one of the most commonly used technologies to suppress algae in lakes and reservoirs. To develop a better understanding of the effects of light on algal growth, specific density, colony size and sinking loss, Anabaena flos-aquae(cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus obliquus(green algae) were evaluated in varying light scenarios. The results showed that the specific density and colony size of these two species varied during growth, and there were obvious differences among the light scenarios. At the end of exponential phase, S. obliquus incubated under light-limited condition maintained a higher specific density and formed larger aggregates, whereas A. flos-aquae formed a longer filament length. Both species exhibited higher sinking loss rates with lower light availability. These results implied that the sinking loss rate was not always constant but should be considered as a variable response to the change of light availability, and in-situ light availability control might result in a significant increase of the sinking loss of algae due to the change of size and specific density, thereby further affecting the algal biomass in the water column.

Effect of an Alien Species Spartina alterniflora Loisel on Biogeochemical Processes of Intertidal Ecosystem in the Jiangsu Coastal Region,China

Spartina alterniflora Loisel, a species vegetating in intertidal flats along the eastern coast of the United States, was introduced in China almost 30 years ago and has become an urgent topic due to its invasiveness in the coastal zone of China. The impacts of this alien species S. alterniflora on intertidal ecosystem processes in the Jiangsu coastland were investigated by comparing the sediment nutrient availability and trace element concentration characteristics in a mud flat and those of a four-year old Spartina salt marsh that had earlier been a mudflat. At each study site, fifteen plots were sampled in different seasons to determine the sediment characteristics along the tidal flats. The results suggested that Spartina salt marsh sediments had significantly higher total N, available P, and water content, but lower pH and bulk density than mudflat sediments. Sediment salinity, water content, total N, organic C, and available P decreased along a seaward gradient in the Spartina salt marsh and increased with vegetation biomass. Furthermore, the concentrations of trace elements and some metal elements in the sediment were higher under Spartina although these increases were not significant. Also, in the Spartina marsh, some heavy metals were concentrated in the surface layer of the sediment. The Spartina salt marsh in this study was only four years old; therefore, it is suggested that further study of this allen species on a longer time frame in the Jiangsu coastland should be carried out.

Seasonal variation and modal content of internal tides in the northern South China Sea

A nine-month mooring record was used to investigate seasonal variation and modal content of internal tides(ITs) on the continental slope in the northern South China Sea(SCS). Diurnal tides at this site show clear seasonal change with higher energy in winter than in spring and autumn, whereas semidiurnal tides show the opposite seasonal pattern. The consistency of ITs with barotropic tides within the Luzon Strait, which is the generation region of the ITs, implies that the seasonal variation of ITs depends on their astronomical forcing, even after extended propagation across the SCS basin. Diurnal tides also differ from semidiurnal tides in relation to modal content; they display signals of high modes while semidiurnal tides are dominated by low modes. Reflection of the diurnal tides on the continental slope serves as a reasonable explanation for their high modes. Both diurnal and semidiurnal tides are composed of a larger proportion of coherent components that have a regular 14-day spring-neap cycle. The coherent components are dominated by low modes and they show obvious seasonal variation, while the incoherent components are composed mainly of higher modes and they display intermittent characteristics.

Dynamic Behavior of a New Hydraulic Steel Gate

A new style of hydraulic steel gate based on the principle of bionics is proposed in this paper. It has a fish-like shape and consists of right arches, invert arches, connection components and a face plate. It would be first applied in the project of Caoe River Sluice, used as both tidal barrage and flood gate. Compared with conventional hydraulic steel gate of beam grids, this new style of hydraulic steel gate can save up to 30%-50% of steel consumption. The dynamic behavior of the new gate under the impact load of tidal bore is investigated. The impact load of tidal bore is considered by a load spectrum obtained by field observation over a long period of time. Then a numerical analysis of the gate under the load spectrum is carried out by finite element method. The fluid-structure interaction is considered in the analysis. And a comparison between the response of the gate under the impact load and the response of the gate under the corresponding static load is conducted and indicates that the gate has a dynamic magnification factor of 1.2.