江苏潮滩型滨海地区景观生态修复与海绵城市建设耦合地域设计模式探讨

将海绵城市低影响开发和生态保护修复有机耦合,强调关注绿色雨水基础设施的生态保育与修复功能。通过对土壤生态修复改良措施与技术途径的系统梳理,统筹考虑“治盐”与“治水”,探讨适用于该地区的多目标、近自然、原生态、低成本、易维护的“水—盐”复合型“修复+海绵”地域设计模式。旨在为潮滩型滨海地区环境建设提供借鉴与参考,践行人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展新理念。创新的将景观生态海绵策略的适宜性与生态修复进行耦合分析,为潮滩型滨海地区的景观设计提供崭新路径。

台风作用下的港湾型潮滩沉积过程 以2008年“凤凰”台风对福建省罗源湾的影响为例

通过对＂凤凰＂台风的现场观测和沉积物样品的分析,结果表明,在台风影响下潮水淹没时间增长,增水达1.1 m;台风期间互花米草盐沼内流速变化较复杂,而且盐沼内部流速大于盐沼边缘的;台风期间盐沼边缘潮周期平均悬沙含量是台风前2 d的7倍;台风期间十分之一波高最大为1.54 m。滩面重复测量结果显示,台风登陆期间整个光滩滩面都发生了侵蚀,盐沼内部有部分地区发生侵蚀,侵蚀深度为4.55.5 cm,盐沼边缘的侵蚀深度仅为0.7 cm,侵蚀原因主要是植被在风浪作用下从根部折断,从而带走了滩面的沉积物;随着台风强度的减弱,整个滩面均接受悬沙沉降;台风带来的强降雨是影响滩面沉积物活动的重要因素。

围垦工程影响下的淤涨型潮滩演化:以江苏弶港潮滩为例

通过对受到围垦工程影响的江苏弶港海岸两条潮滩剖面的多期高精度实测高程及沉积物粒度数据进行分析,探讨淤涨型潮滩剖面对围垦工程的响应特征及剖面演化模式。结果表明,在物源充足的淤涨型潮滩围垦,可导致沉积物在围垦堤附近海域快速堆积、沉积物粒径变细;离海堤越远,沉积速率及沉积物粒度参数的变化越不显著。围垦堤附近海域是潮滩低能区,沉积物在此汇聚,造成潮滩剖面凸点的向岸迁移及双凸型剖面的塑造。另外,大型潮沟及其迁移也是影响剖面发育的重要因素。未来需结合海平面变化,研究围垦背景下的长周期潮滩演化趋势。

海岸趋势面应用技术比较分析——以黄河三角洲海岸为例

依据黄河三角洲潮滩海岸准同步断面实测地形点数据 ,进行地貌趋势面的多种技术方法处理。多项式回归方法能把握潮滩海岸三维形态的总趋势 ,忽略全部次一级形态特征 ;NearestNeighbor方法、Kriging方法和 Triangulation W/线性插值方法均可以显示总趋势面上次一级形态——潮滩海岸沟盆体系。其中 Triangulation W/线性插值法计算出的局部特征十分明显 ,但边界会产生很大误差。Kriging方法和 Nearest Neighbor方法在边界上处理得较好 ,Kriging方法图象过渡得非常自然 ,而 Nearest Neighbor方法相对保留了矩形的处理特征。趋势面分析表明 ,潮沟—潮盆体系的形成与发展是表征黄河三角洲潮滩海岸时空谱系发育进程的重要指标。

Meiofauna Distribution in Intertidal Sandy Beaches Along China Shoreline(18?–40?N)

In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitudinal gradients.In general,meiofauna abundance was lower in four subtropical beaches in Xiamen(24?N) and Zhoushan(29?N) than that in other beaches.Meiofauna abundance differed little between tropical and temperate beaches.The taxonomic structure of meiofauna showed a dominance of nematode in colder area.The relative composition of turbellarians and polychaetes increased in warmer area.In addition to latitudinal gradient,salinity,oxygenation,sediment grain size affect also the meiofauna latitudinal distribution.As for horizontal distribution,the highest meiofauna abundance was found in low tidal zone at tropical beaches,and in middle tidal zone at temperate beaches.The horizontal distribution of meiofauna was controlled by both physical and biotic factors including feeding and anthropogenic activities.Although meiofauna abundance exhibited a horizontal difference,the composition of meiofaunal main taxa was unanimous horizontally at all beaches at the same sampling latitude.