澳大利亚区审计总长委员会(TheAustralasian Council OfAuditors-General,简称ACAG)是由澳大利亚、新西兰、斐济、巴布亚新几内亚等大洋洲各国审计总长参加的区域性审计组织。它成立于1993年在珀斯举行的第19届澳大利亚区审计总长会议...澳大利亚区审计总长委员会(TheAustralasian Council OfAuditors-General,简称ACAG)是由澳大利亚、新西兰、斐济、巴布亚新几内亚等大洋洲各国审计总长参加的区域性审计组织。它成立于1993年在珀斯举行的第19届澳大利亚区审计总长会议上。在这次会议上,为了应对日益复杂的公共部门审计工作,各地审计总长一致同意成立审计总长委员会。其主要宗旨是在当前这个审计工作日益复杂、现代科学技术飞速发展的年代,为各审计总长之间审计信息、审计标准、审计技术方法的交流和合作提供一个沟通的平台,从而促进各会员单位公共部门审计事业的发展。展开更多
Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extr...Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extractable P to increase along with increasing amounts oforganic C and the HCl-extractable trivalent metals in the topsoils of some less-disturbed acidsulfate soils (pH < 4.5). This suggests that inorganic P in these soils probably accumulated viabiological cycling and was retained by complexation with trivalent metals or their oxides andhydroxides. While there was no clear correlation between pH and the water-extractable P, theconcentration of the water-extractable P tended to increase with increasing amounts of theHCl-extractable P. This disagrees with some established models which suggest that the concentrationof solution P in acid soils is independent of total P and decreases with increasing acidity. Thehigh concentration of sulfate present in acid sulfate soils appeared to affect the chemical behaviorof P in these soil systems. Comparison was made between a less disturbed wetland acid sulfate soiland a more intensively disturbed sugarcane acid sulfate soil. The results show that reclamation ofwetland acid sulfate soils for sugarcane production caused a significant decrease in theHCl-extractable P in the topsoil layer as a result of the reduced bio-cycling of phosphorusfollowing sugarcane farming. Simulation experiment shows that addition of hydrated lime had noeffects on the immobilization of retained P in an acid sulfate soil sample within a pH range3.5～4.6. When the pH was raised to above 4.6, soluble P in the soil extracts had a tendency toincrease with increasing pH until the 15th extraction (pH 5.13). This, in combination with the poorpH-soluble P relationship observed from the less-disturbed acid sulfate soils, suggests that solubleP was not clearly pH-dependent in acid sulfate soils with pH < 4.5.展开更多
Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989.With the aid of EOF analysis method,tem...Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989.With the aid of EOF analysis method,temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied.The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moistrue sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.In winter,the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source,in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the 'continent bridge',at 80°E and 40°E～50° transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moistrue sinks.In summer,Australian Monsoon region anmd southern Indian Ocean are moistrue sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink.In spring and autumn,ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.展开更多
Compared with more well-known renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, the wave energy industry is relatively new. This paper describes the structural design and construction of the oscillating water column ...Compared with more well-known renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, the wave energy industry is relatively new. This paper describes the structural design and construction of the oscillating water column ＂greenWAVE Energy Converter＂ which was constructed during 2013 and was planned to be deployed in shallow water off the South Australian coast in 2014. Rated initially at 1 MW, the greenWAVE unit will be dedicated to electricity production, although an option is available to produce desalinated seawater. The unit base is constructed from reinforced concrete designed to international maritime codes, and the unit will be founded in approximately 10-15 m of water. The upper portion of the device extends above sea level, housing the airwave turbine and electrical control systems.展开更多
At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony b...At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony but also to the whole social＇s stability. This paper summarized some experiences and practices from some typical foreign countries on their community endowment, such as the British community care model, the Japan＇s aged care at home, the PACE mode of United States, the Germany＇s long-term care services, the Australian＇s old-age community security. On the basis of a comparative analysis, this paper concluded some experience and enlightenment of serving the old in abroad urban community, this include： Give full play to the function and role of the community in the pension, take law as safeguard on the implementation of community endowment, professional services, government-led and multiple subject participation, provide comprehensive and diversified service, etc. Combined with China＇s national conditions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the end to further perfect China＇s elderly community service.展开更多
Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and ...Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and carbon and produce soil pores that facilitate water infiltration. The challenge ahead is to quantitatively understand the relationships and processes that drive this. What roles do different species and functional groups of macroinvertebrates play in various landscape processes？ What are the effects of different land management practices （e.g., domestic cattle grazing, fire） on these relationships, and the consequences for landscape health？ This paper presents preliminary results from studies in northern Australia, that examine the effects of land condition and domestic cattle grazing on soil macroinvertebrates, and the potential for termites to be used as a tool to restore soil function in degraded areas. In northern Australia, increased degradation seems to be associated with declines in the diversity and activity of macroinvertebrates. Termites appear to be one of the most resilient groups, with some species capable of maintaining activity in degraded landscapes.展开更多
文摘澳大利亚区审计总长委员会(TheAustralasian Council OfAuditors-General,简称ACAG)是由澳大利亚、新西兰、斐济、巴布亚新几内亚等大洋洲各国审计总长参加的区域性审计组织。它成立于1993年在珀斯举行的第19届澳大利亚区审计总长会议上。在这次会议上,为了应对日益复杂的公共部门审计工作,各地审计总长一致同意成立审计总长委员会。其主要宗旨是在当前这个审计工作日益复杂、现代科学技术飞速发展的年代,为各审计总长之间审计信息、审计标准、审计技术方法的交流和合作提供一个沟通的平台,从而促进各会员单位公共部门审计事业的发展。
文摘Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extractable P to increase along with increasing amounts oforganic C and the HCl-extractable trivalent metals in the topsoils of some less-disturbed acidsulfate soils (pH < 4.5). This suggests that inorganic P in these soils probably accumulated viabiological cycling and was retained by complexation with trivalent metals or their oxides andhydroxides. While there was no clear correlation between pH and the water-extractable P, theconcentration of the water-extractable P tended to increase with increasing amounts of theHCl-extractable P. This disagrees with some established models which suggest that the concentrationof solution P in acid soils is independent of total P and decreases with increasing acidity. Thehigh concentration of sulfate present in acid sulfate soils appeared to affect the chemical behaviorof P in these soil systems. Comparison was made between a less disturbed wetland acid sulfate soiland a more intensively disturbed sugarcane acid sulfate soil. The results show that reclamation ofwetland acid sulfate soils for sugarcane production caused a significant decrease in theHCl-extractable P in the topsoil layer as a result of the reduced bio-cycling of phosphorusfollowing sugarcane farming. Simulation experiment shows that addition of hydrated lime had noeffects on the immobilization of retained P in an acid sulfate soil sample within a pH range3.5～4.6. When the pH was raised to above 4.6, soluble P in the soil extracts had a tendency toincrease with increasing pH until the 15th extraction (pH 5.13). This, in combination with the poorpH-soluble P relationship observed from the less-disturbed acid sulfate soils, suggests that solubleP was not clearly pH-dependent in acid sulfate soils with pH < 4.5.
基金Part One in Development Planning for National Key Fundamental Research (G1998040900)"South China Sea Monsoon Experiment Studies"caling Project A of National Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989.With the aid of EOF analysis method,temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied.The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moistrue sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.In winter,the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source,in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the 'continent bridge',at 80°E and 40°E～50° transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moistrue sinks.In summer,Australian Monsoon region anmd southern Indian Ocean are moistrue sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink.In spring and autumn,ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.
文摘Compared with more well-known renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, the wave energy industry is relatively new. This paper describes the structural design and construction of the oscillating water column ＂greenWAVE Energy Converter＂ which was constructed during 2013 and was planned to be deployed in shallow water off the South Australian coast in 2014. Rated initially at 1 MW, the greenWAVE unit will be dedicated to electricity production, although an option is available to produce desalinated seawater. The unit base is constructed from reinforced concrete designed to international maritime codes, and the unit will be founded in approximately 10-15 m of water. The upper portion of the device extends above sea level, housing the airwave turbine and electrical control systems.
文摘At present, the world＇s aging population is developing at an unprecedented rate, how to deal with the community service for the elderly has become a top priority. For it not only relates to the community＇s harmony but also to the whole social＇s stability. This paper summarized some experiences and practices from some typical foreign countries on their community endowment, such as the British community care model, the Japan＇s aged care at home, the PACE mode of United States, the Germany＇s long-term care services, the Australian＇s old-age community security. On the basis of a comparative analysis, this paper concluded some experience and enlightenment of serving the old in abroad urban community, this include： Give full play to the function and role of the community in the pension, take law as safeguard on the implementation of community endowment, professional services, government-led and multiple subject participation, provide comprehensive and diversified service, etc. Combined with China＇s national conditions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the end to further perfect China＇s elderly community service.
文摘Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and carbon and produce soil pores that facilitate water infiltration. The challenge ahead is to quantitatively understand the relationships and processes that drive this. What roles do different species and functional groups of macroinvertebrates play in various landscape processes？ What are the effects of different land management practices （e.g., domestic cattle grazing, fire） on these relationships, and the consequences for landscape health？ This paper presents preliminary results from studies in northern Australia, that examine the effects of land condition and domestic cattle grazing on soil macroinvertebrates, and the potential for termites to be used as a tool to restore soil function in degraded areas. In northern Australia, increased degradation seems to be associated with declines in the diversity and activity of macroinvertebrates. Termites appear to be one of the most resilient groups, with some species capable of maintaining activity in degraded landscapes.
