关于德育教师激“情”和引“情”的思考

德育教师不仅应该是一个政治立场坚定、情感丰富的人,更应该善于通过各种方式方法把这种觉悟和情感传递给学生,所以德育教师要善于激“情”,更要善于引“情”,唯有如此,才能让德育课程不仅仅停留在课堂,才能够触动学生的情感,成为指引他的行动导向.

蕴激“情”,作好文

孩子们升入三年级，语言文字的运用要求日益提高。而且三年级是孩子们写好作文的关键时期．作为一名三年级的语文教师，我们要善于运用各种方式来激发孩子们写作的情感：以画入“情”、借景生“情”、演中悟“情”、以赛激“情”。从而让孩子们乐于写作、爱上写作，写出真正意义上的“作好文”。

英语教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣

本文就在英语教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣进行论述。教师在教学中必须实施有趣教学，以“巧”激趣，以“感”激趣，以“情”激趣，以“境”激趣，以“变”激趣，增强学生的学习效果。

给学生打开一扇智慧的门——如何上好化学绪论课

一、引言 绪论，是一门课的开端。绪论课的讲述，对于学生摆正学习化学的态度有着举足轻重的作用，绪论课的目的是使学生了解学习内容、明确学习方向、掌握学习方法，从而激发学习兴趣、调动学习积极性，使他们顺利地进入课程学习的正常轨道。所以，每个教师都应上好化学第一堂绪论课——给学生打开一扇智慧的门。

Effects of Neonatal Tactile Stimulation and Maternal Separation on the Anxiety and the Emotional Memory in Adult Female Rats

We investigated the long-lasting effects of early postnatal tactile stimulation （TS） and maternal separation （MS） on the emotional behaviors of adult female rats. A split-litter design was introduced to remove confusing factors such as maternal disturbance. Pups of the non-tactile stimulation （NTS） group did not receive any handling. Pups subjected to the TS treatment were handled and marked for approximately 30 s daily from postnatal days （PND） 2 - 9 or from PND 10 - 17. Pups subjected to the MS treatment were handled and marked in the same way as the TS pups and then individually placed in a cup with familiar nest bedding for 1 h daily. At the age of 3 months, female rats with different neonatal experiences were employed in the light/dark box test and the one-trial passive avoidance response. Both PND 2 - 9 TS and PND 10 - 17 TS groups exhibited more time spent in the illuminated chamber of the light/dark box, and longer step-through latencies in the passive avoidance response when compared to the NTS group, indicating that early life TS treatment reduced novelty-induced anxious emotion and facilitated the retention of emotional memory in adult female rats. No significant effects were found on any behavioral measures between the MS groups and the TS groups, suggesting that neonatal short-time MS treatment was not intensive enough to alter the emotional behaviors, at least in female rats. Infantile age was not an effective factor for these measures. This result supports the hypothesis that neonatal tactile stimulation and maternal separation lead to different effects on the neural development of postnatal pups.

RIGHT INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS PROCESSING OF VISUAL EROTIC INFORMATION BASED ON fMRI

Visually-induced erotic arousal evoked by pornographic visual stimuli, such as films or photographs, is a common occurrence in human behavior. The brain activation associated with visual erotic stimuli in heterosexual right handed females is studied. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to investigate 15 female partici- panterotic arousal induced by visual stimuli in film and picture forms, respectively, performing three or more times during their menstrual cycle on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. There is activation of a set of bilateral brain areas, including the inferior lateral occipital cortex, the anterior supramarginal gyrus, the parietal operculum cortex, the superior parietal lobules, the right inferior frontal gyrus, the cerebellum, the hypothalamus, the thalamus, the hippocampus, and the mid-brain. From different regions, the brain activation is observed and the inferior frontal gyrus has found to be task-independent. Furthermore, the right inferior frontal gyrus has more activation than the left inferior frontal gyrus. The result shows that the right inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in pornographic information processing rather than being activated stimuli property specific. It is presented for the first time that the functional laterization of the inferior frontal gyrus is bi-directional rather than single （left） directional.

Emotional State Transition Model Based on Stimulus and Personality Characteristics

In order to use mathematical methods to study how cognitive reappraisal strategies affect the output state of emotions,Gross's cognitive reappraisal strategy is transformed into a quantitative parameter which is proposed to describe the general perception of emotional events on the basis of the emotion regulation.According to Gross's emotional regulation model,the Finite State Machine(FSM) model is used for describing the process of emotional state transition and the Likert 5 grading scale is introduced to study the level of an individual's reappraisal according to the participant's self-evaluation.The experimental results verify that the algorithm can effectively describe the relationship between the reappraisal strategy,emotional events and an emotiongenerative process.There are multiple dimensions of a human's emotional state.Thus,in the field of human-computer interaction,further research requires the development of a specific algorithm which can be implemented by a computer for the emotion regulation process.

Giorgio Vasari＇s Saint Francis： An Aretine Fervor

Giorgio Vasari （1511-1574）, painter, architect, and writer, was fascinated with the image of Saint Francis because of the association of La Verna with Arezzo, his native town, where the miraculous event of Saint Francis＇s stigmatization occurred in 1224. Also in Arezzo, in the church of San Francesco, the beautiful frescoes of Piero della Francesca＇s Legend of the True Cross were commissioned by his wife＇s ancestors, the Bacci family. This study discusses Vasari＇s two types of religious representation of Saint Francis. One type is devotional, as in the paintings of Holy Families, e.g., The Holy Family with Saint Francis of 1541, at the County Museum of Art of Los Angeles, CA. The other is historical, focusing on the miraculous moment of the stigmatization, e.g., Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata, 1548, in the church of San Francesco in Rimini. Employing mannerist colors to express the spirituality of the event, Vasari created a new conception of piety, where sobriety and humbleness are honored. These paintings reveal the humanness and sanctity of the protagonist, Saint Francis, devoid of any heroic glamour.

From the project for a Passion selon Saint Marc to the Realization of the Canticum Sacrum： The Events Surrounding Stravinsky＇s Venetian Commission

The article concerns the commission that was made by the Biennale di Venezia to Stravinsky in the 50s＇ which led to the composition of the Canticum Sacrum. The discovery of the correspondence between the composer, the artistic director Alessandro Piovesan and the organizers of the Venetian Festival allows to reconstruct the events that led Stravinsky to change his initial plans for a Passion selon Saint Marc in favour of a short Canticum. The objections, which concerned above all the limited size of the piece, were repeated several times by Piovesan, but were all disregarded by Stravinsky. In the light of the eight letters deposited in the Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee （ASAC） of Venice （in Appendix）, the circumstances bringing about Stravinsky＇s refusal can be fully understood. The references to recent studies by David H. Smyth, Akane Mori, and Jonathan Kramer regarding the identification of palindromic and proportional structures in the Canticum, offers further proof sustaining Stravinsky＇s declaration that to enlarge the piece would have been impossible. These events confirm the composer＇s unbending determination to undertake a new experimental stylistic direction already tried out in pieces like the Three Songs from William Shakespeare and Agon.

Brain pathways of pain empathy activated by pained facial expressions: a meta-analysis of fMRI using the activation likelihood estimation method

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to summarize and analyze the brain signal patterns of empathy for pain caused by facial expressions of pain utilizing activation likelihood estimation, a meta-analysis method. DATA SOURCES: Studies concerning the brain mechanism were searched from the Science Citation Index, Science Direct, PubMed, DeepDyve, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, Wanfang, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other databases, such as SpringerLink, AMA, Science Online, Wiley Online, were collected. A time limitation of up to 13 December 2016 was applied to this study. DATA SELECTION: Studies presenting with all of the following criteria were considered for study inclusion: Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, neutral and pained facial expression stimuli, involvement of adult healthy human participants over 18 years of age, whose empathy ability showed no difference from the healthy adult, a painless basic state, results presented in Talairach or Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, multiple studies by the same team as long as they used different raw data. OUTCOME MEASURES: Activation likelihood estimation was used to calculate the combined main activated brain regions under the stimulation of pained facial expression. RESULTS: Eight studies were included, containing 178 subjects. Meta-analysis results suggested that the anterior cingulate cortex(BA32), anterior central gyrus(BA44), fusiform gyrus, and insula(BA13) were activated positively as major brain areas under the stimulation of pained facial expression. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that pained facial expression alone, without viewing of painful stimuli, activated brain regions related to pain empathy, further contributing to revealing the brain's mechanisms of pain empathy.

Structure, Passion and Dynamic Characteristics Study on Sergei Eisenstein＇s Thought of＂Film Structure＂

Sergei Eisenstein was labelled as a theory master of ＂montage＂ for a long time, but also film theory pioneer that seems to be somewhat ＂outdated＂ in the eyes of the modem people. In fact, he was one of the most important figures who created a few of theories and also were good at film creation in the film history of over years. He was not only an outstanding master-level film director, but also film theorist who created rich thoughts to the world. He often discussed the film theories with intercommnnity by taking his own works such as Bronenosets Potyomkin for an example, and simultaneously connected paintings （especially the Oriental painting）, music, literature and others with new arts in the writing of theories, so that the construction of his own film theories was accomplished. The focus of this paper is the later consideration of Sergei Eisenstein on the film works structure. Also, his theoretical system and contemporary significance are rethought by studying a series of thoughts such as ＂works structure＂ , ＂dynamic characteristics＂ , ＂logarithmic spiral＂ , ＂golden section＂ and ＂passionate structure＂ .

The Power of Reality： How Radio Documents Stimulate Listeners＇ Imagination and Emotions？

Sound has great power to move listeners＇ imagination and stimulate listeners＇ emotions. Sound makes the imagination work, and mind creates a sequence of associations, obvious and surprising, but always interesting. The sound is strength because of its delicacy. Because it does not create images, it evokes creativity. We see a picture, we even feel its movement. The sound＇s power of stimulating our imagination is known by the feature makers who-as John Biewen claims-use sound to tell story artfully. The author presents a visualization of sound, paying attention to a few aspects of this visualization, such as using a microphone like a camera, the role of pause/silence as photographs, audioscenography, and suggestiveness of human voice.

Importance of Monitoring of Emotional Stress and Physiological Functions of Humans during the Night Sleep

The diagnosis of disease and prescription of therapy are mainly realized through the control of physiological functions in humans during wakefulness. However, little attention is paid to evaluate the functional state of a patient in sleep. The efficiency of prescribed medicines is also determined in wakefulness. The effects of these drugs during sleep are usually out-of-sight of a physician. Human psychoemotional state during wakefulness is closely related to sleep. Various serious disturbances in physiological functions appear during the night sleep. They include cardiovascular disorders （hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, stroke, etc.）, which may cause sudden death. A large body of evidence shows that stress is followed by sleep disorders. They serve as a factor, which contributes to the development of stress. It should be noted that sleep is the major anti-stress factor. The vicious circle is formed, which can be revealed by a complex control of human physiological functions during wakefulness and sleep. We developed a new methodology and constructed an information-and-equipment device for monitoring of vital physiological functions of humans during sleep in a real everyday life. This approach holds much promise for the diagnosis of disease and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

激趣三部曲

兴趣和爱好是学习最大的动力。要使每堂生物课都是精彩的,教师必须掌握教学的艺术,以"情"激趣,以"境"呈趣,借"动"激趣等技巧,激发学生的学习兴趣。

立足班级,归还儿童作文失落的个性

儿童习作,是映射童年生活的一扇窗。窗外烂漫,习作便灿烂。推窗而望,孩子的生活环境过于成人化,学习环境则充满以分至上的功利性。那么,如何立足班级,让窗外的童年生活趣味盎然呢?