电站汽水管道激振型振动控制方法

由于电站机组的设计参数越来越高,单台机组的容量越来越大,汽水类管道发生振动问题愈来愈多,由此造成的安全隐患也愈加显著。通过某机组的管道振动测量、计算、综合分析,确定了管道激振振动的基本原因,提出了振动控制实施措施。经处理,管道振动得到了有效控制,该控制方法对电站汽水管道振动调整具有重要意义。

振源为振动电机的振动筛有限元分析方法概述

振动筛在煤炭、矿山行业应用广泛,在激振力需求不大的情况下,一般可以采用振动电机的激振形式。为了保证振动幅度在可控范围之内,并提高振动筛的运行平稳性,需要对振动筛进行有限元分析和研究,保证振动筛运行效率和平稳性满足要求。本文主要通过对振动电机激振的试验振动筛理论研究,给出这类振动筛的有限元分析方法,从而达到分析和研究目标。

橡胶阻尼式动力吸振器固有频率测试方法分析

考虑到橡胶元件的动刚度与激振振幅和激振频率有关,研究了不同激振形式下不同激励频率和激振幅值对橡胶阻尼式动力吸振器固有频率测试结果的影响.通常情况下,动力吸振器的固有频率的测试只考虑频率相关性,忽略了幅值相关性.文中分别采用恒振幅激振、恒加速度激振、随机加速度激振、脉冲激振和力锤敲击激振,对一橡胶阻尼式动力吸振器的固有频率进行了测试分析,给出了不同激振形式下动力吸振器的固有频率的测试值.结果表明:激振幅值对动力吸振器的固有频率的测试结果影响很大,目前一些企业采用的用力锤激振方法测试得到的橡胶阻尼式吸振器的固有频率并不能很好地表征动力吸振器的固有频率.文中结果为在真实振动工况下动力吸振器的固有频率的选择提供了依据.

Raman and Infrared Spectra for All-trans-astaxanthin in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solvent

The Raman and infrared spectra of all-trans-astaxanthin （AXT） in dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） solvent were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Density functional cal-culations of the Raman spectra predict the splitting of the υ1 band into υ1-1 and υ1-2 compo-nents. The absence of splitting in Raman experimental spectra is ascribed to the competition between the two symmetric C=C stretching vibrations of the backbone chain. The υ1 band is very sensitive to the excitation wavelength： resonance excitation stimulates the higher-frequency υ1-2 mode, and off-resonance excitation corresponds to the lower-frequency υ1-1 mode. Analyses of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between C=O and O-H in the AXT/DMSO system reveal that the C4=O1...H1-O3 and C4＇=O2...H2-O4 bonds are strengthened and weakened, respectively, in the electronically excited state compared with those in the ground state. This result reveals significant variations of the AXT molecular structure in different electronic states.

Self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system

The self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system were addressed, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the coupled model containing the quintessential parts was built, and the mechanism of self-excited vibration was explained in terms of energy transmission from levitation system to bridge. Then, the influences of the parameters of the widely used integral-type proportion and derivation(PD) controller and the delay of signals on the stability of the interaction system were analyzed. The result shows that the integral-type PD control is a nonoptimal approach to solve the self-excited vibration completely. Furthermore, the differential-type PD controller can guarantee the passivity of levitation system at full band. However, the differentiation of levitation gap should be filtered by a low-pass filter due to noise of gap differentiation. The analysis indicates that a well tuned low-pass filter can still keep the coupled system stable.

The Coupling VIV Analysis of SCRs with Rigid Swing

With the development of deepwater oil and gas exploration, Steel Catenary Risers(SCRs) become preferred risers for resource production, import and export. Vortex induced vibration(VIV) is the key problem encountered in the design of SCRs. In this study, a new model, the rigid swing model, is proposed based on the consideration of large curvature of SCRs. The sag bend of SCRs is assumed as a rigid swing system around the axis from the hanging point to the touch down point(TDP) in the model. The torque, produced by the lift force and the swing vector, provides the driving torque for the swing system, and the weight of SCRs provides the restoring torque. The simulated response of rigid swing is coupled with bending vibration, and then the coupling VIV model of SCRs is studied in consideration of bending vibration and rigid motion. The calculated results indicate that the rigid swing has a magnitude equal to that of bending vibration, and the rigid motion affects the dynamic response of SCRs and can not be neglected in the VIV analysis.

A Nonlinear Vortex Induced Vibration Model of Marine Risers

With the exploitation of oil and gas in deep water, the traditional vortex induced vibration (VIV) theory is challenged by the unprecedented flexibility of risers. A nonlinear time-dependent VIV model is developed in this paper based on a VIV lift force model and the Morison equation. Both the inline vibration induced by the flow due to vortex shedding and the fluid-structure interaction in the transverse direction are included in the model. One of the characteristics of the model is the response-dependent lift force with nonlinear damping, which is different from other VIV models. The calculations show that the model can well describe the VIV of deepwater risers with the results agreeing with those calculated by other models.

Simulation applied to working frequency selection in large-scale vi- brating screen＇s design

The working frequency selection of the ZK30525 vibrating screen was studied using ANSYS. Integrating the dynamic performance simulation analysis of the vibrating screen structure, the variation laws of beams＇ vibration displacements changing with different exciting frequencies were researched. These beams include six beams, with one discharging beam and one in-material beam. Results indicate that vibration displacements in the middle of these beams increase with the augmenta- tion of exciting frequency. When exciting frequency exceeds a certain value, there exists a flat change region for vibration displacement. According to vibrator characteristics, the vibrating screen＇s working frequency should be selected in the flat change region, and be far away from modal frequencies. The study provides theoretical guidance for the reasonable working frequency selection of the large-scale vibrating screen.

New Type of 2-D Laser Doppler Vibrometer

The fundamentals and method of 2 D laser Doppler vibrometer are introduced.The factors influencing the measuring accuracy are analyzed. Moreover, the circuit for signal processing is designed. The vibrating amplitude and frequency of 2 D vibration in wider range can be measured simultaneously in non contact means,the measuring results are accurate.

Analytic Solution to Nonlinear Dynamical System of Dragon Washbasin

Based on phase-plane orbit analysis, the mathematical model of piecewise-smooth systems of multi-degree-of-freedom under the mode coordinate is established. Approximate analytical solution under the physical coordinate of multi-degree-of-freedom self-excited vibration induced by dry friction of piecewise-smooth nonlinear systems is derived by means of average method, the results of which agree with those of the numerical solution. An effective and reliable analytical method investigating piecewise-smooth nonlinear systems of multi-degree-of-freedom has been given. Furthermore, this paper qualitatively analyses the curves about stationary amplitude versus rubbing velocity of hands and versus natural frequency of hands, and about angular frequency versus rubbing velocity of hands. The results provide a theoretical basis for identifying parameters of the system and the analysis of steady region.

Application of fiber Bragg grating based strain sensor in pipeline vortex-induced vibration measurement

The vortex-induced vibrations(VIV)is an important topic of study in many different scientific and engineering fields.While VIV can be of benefit in some cases,oftentimes,it is an undesirable phenomenon that can be quite dangerous.In particular for offshore pipelines,VIV can lead to fatiguing of the pipe structure and can cause disastrous consequences if left unchecked.A number of different methods have been applied to the measurement of VIV,especially for the elongated,thin cylindrical structures.The use of fiber optic fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in particular has gained popularity over the recent years due to their distinct properties.However,FBGs are also very fragile and are susceptible to failure when placed in harsh environments without protection.In this paper,56 FBGs encapsulated in stainless steel tubes were applied to the measurement of VIV in a28-m model pipeline under controlled and uncontrolled conditions.Tests show that the encapsulated sensors possessed good sensitivity as well as fatigue life(>80000 cycles).The measurements from FBGs were also high enough to allow frequency domain analysis of the pipeline VIV under the two conditions.The authors conclude that the encapsulated FBGs are a viable tool for the study of VIV in pipeline structures.

Suppression of vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder by Lorentz force

The electro-magnetic control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder is investigated numerically in the exponential-polar coordinates attached on the moving cylinder for Re=150 in the paper. Compared with the fixed cylinder, the vibration of cylinder leads to the shift of stagnation point, the shear layer strength and the inertial force, which affects the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder. The effects of the instantaneous wake geometries and the corresponding cylinder motion on the hydrodynamic forces for one entire period of vortex shed are discussed in the drag-lift phase diagram. The Lorentz force for controlling the vibration cylinder is classified into the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force. The field Lorentz force decreases the lift oscillation, and in turn, suppresses the VIV, whereas the wall Lorentz force has no effect on the lift.

An experimental investigation of dual-resonant and non-resonant responses for vortex-induced vibration of a long slender cylinder

Experimental results of the dual-resonant and non-resonant responses are presented for vortex-induced vibrations(VIV)of a long slender cylinder.The cylinder has a diameter of 10mm and a length of 3.31 m,giving an aspect ratio of 331.The cylinder was towed by a carriage with the velocity up to 1.5 m/s,with the Reynolds number varying from 2500 to 38000.Three different weights were used to provide the initial tension.Dual resonance means that resonance occurs simultaneously in both the cross-flow(CF)and in-line(IL)directions.The experiments were conducted in two stages.At the first stage,dual-resonant dynamic features of the cylinder subjected to vortex-induced excitation were investigated.The features of CF and IL vibration amplitude,motion orbits,phase angle differences,dominant frequencies and mode order numbers are presented.At the second stage of the experiments,particular emphasis was placed on non-resonant dynamic features.The variation of multi-mode modal displacement amplitudes was investigated in detail.

Identification of hydrodynamic coefficients from experiment of vortex-induced vibration of slender riser model

One of the challenges in predicting the dynamic response of deepwater risers under vortex-induced vibration （VIV） is that it runs short of believable fluid loading model. Moreover, the hydrodynamic loading is also difficult to be measured directly in the VIV experiments without disturbing the fluid field. In the present work, by means of a finite element analysis method based on the experimental data of the response displacements, the total instantaneous distributions of hydrodynamic forces together with the hydrodynamic coefficients on the riser model with large aspect ratio （length/ddiameter） of 1750 are achieved. The steady current speeds considered in the experiments of this work are ranging from 0.15 rn/s to 0.60 m/s, giving the Reynolds Number between 2400 and 9600. The hydrodynamic coefficients are evaluated at the fundamental frequency and in the higher order frequency components for both in-line and cross-flow directions. It is found that the Root-Mean Squared hydrodynamic forces of the higher order response frequency are larger than those of the fundamental response frequency. Negative lift or drag coefficients are found in the numerical results which is equivalent to the effect of fluid damping.

Active control of vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder by using the oscillatory plate immersed in the cylinder wake at low Reynolds number

As a typical fluid-solid interaction problem,vortex-induced vibration(VIV)is common in engineering,so it is vital to study its control mechanism.Numerical simulations of the active control of VIV of a cylinder are carried out in this study.The splitter plate with harmonic oscillation is used as the control device for the dynamic response of the cylinder.The displacement response,lift and drag coefficient,vibration frequency of the cylinder,energy efficiency of control strategy,and characteristics of the flow field are widely analyzed to reveal the physical mechanism of the control system.The results show that the displacement response of the cylinder can be limited in a small range by the control without feedback in most cases except for high reduced velocity.In addition,the control strategy can be changed through feedback control to keep much superior control effects at the high reduced velocity.The oscillatory splitter plate delays the vortex shedding of shear layers generated on the cylinder,the wake vortices with opposite sense of rotation are paralleled with the streamwise direction,and crosswise distances of them are reduced.Thus,the lift on the cylinder is greatly decreased due to the modification of the flow pattern induced by the oscillatory splitter plate.

Robust control of exciting force for vibration control system with multi-exciters

Due to the dynamical character of electromagnetic exciter and the coupling between structure and exciter(s),the actual output force acting on the structure is usually not equal to the exact value that is supposed to be,especially when multi-exciters are used as actuators to precisely actuate large flexible structure.It is necessary to consider these effects to ensure the force generated by each exciter is the same as required.In this paper,a robust control method is proposed for the multi-input and multi-output(MIMO)structural vibration control system to trace the target actuating force of each exciter.A special signal is designed and put into the coupled mul-ti-exciter-structure system,and the input and output signals of the system are used to build a dynamic model involving both the dynamical characters of the exciters and the structure using the subspace identification method.Considering the uncertainty factors of the multi-exciter/structure system,an H-infinity robust controller is designed to decouple the coupling between structure and exciters based on the identified system model.A MIMO vibration control system combined with a flexible plate and three electromagnetic exciters is adopted to demonstrate the proposed method,both numerical simulation and model experiments showing that the output force of each exciter can trace its target force accurately within the requested frequency band.

Characteristic and Mechanism of Pressure Fluctuation Caused by Self-Induced Oscillation of Supersonic Impinging Jet

When the underexpanded supersonic jet impinges on the obstacle, it is well known that the self-induced flow os- cillation occurs. This oscillation depends on the pressure ratio in the flowfield, the position of an obstacle and is related with the noise problems of aeronautical and other industrial engineering. The characteristic and the mechanism of self-induced flow oscillation, have to be clarified to control various noise problems. But, it seems that the characteristics of the oscillated flowfield and the mechanism of an oscillation have to be more cleared to control the oscillation. This paper aims to clarify the effect of the pressure ratio and the obstacle position and the mechanism of self-induced flow oscillation by numerical analysis and experiment, when the underexpanded su- personic jet impinges on the cylindrical body. From the result of this study, it is clear that occurrence of the self-induced flow osciUation depends on the pressure balance in the flowfield.

Unsteady Transonic Flow Control around an Airfoil in a Channel

Transonic internal flow around an airfoil is associated with self-excited unsteady shock wave oscillation. This unsteady phenomenon generates buffet, high speed impulsive noise, non-synchronous vibration, high cycle fatigue failure and so on. Present study investigates the effectiveness of perforated cavity to control this unsteady flow field. The cavity has been incorporated on the airfoil surface. The degree of perforation of the cavity is kept constant as 30%. However, the number of openings(perforation) at the cavity upper wall has been varied. Results showed that this passive control reduces the strength of shock wave compared to that of baseline airfoil. As a result, the intensity of shock wave/boundary layer interaction and the root mean square(RMS) of pressure oscillation around the airfoil have been reduced with the control method.