大鼠肠粘膜组织鲜味受体传感动力学研究

鲜味受体不仅存在于味蕾组织,也存在于肠黏膜等组织中。本研究以SD大鼠为研究材料,通过固定化肠黏膜组织制成传感器,对代表性鲜味物质:谷氨酸钠、肌苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二钠进行了受体传感动力学测定。结果表明,鲜味受体与配体呈现出与酶-底物相似的双曲线动力学特征。通过双倒数作图法,求出分别与其受体作用的激活常数K为:K_a=1.136×10^(-13)mol/L,K_b=1.443×10^(-13)mol/L,K_c=2.080×10^(-13)mol/L。说明肠粘膜组织对这三种鲜味物质的传感敏感性排序为:谷氨酸钠、肌苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二纳。根据这3种鲜味成分的动力学特性,计算出谷氨酸钠、肌苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二钠平均每个细胞上的受体个数分别为:2.30、2.89、4.16/cell;由此看出K越低,说明激活细胞内的活性越高,则信号越敏感,则达到受体-配体饱和时平均每个细胞上受体数目越少。谷氨酸钠、肌苷酸二难、鸟苷酸二钠信号放大倍数分别为:N_1=1.9055×10~4,N_2=1.6642×10~4,N_3=6.0799×10~3。此结果和所得到的活性常数与平均每个细胞上的受体数量相对应,说明配体与受体作用产生的信号输出的效率越高,则信号放大倍数也越大。综上,该传感器可定量化描述肠粘膜组织中的受体对相应配体的传感作用(激活常数)、效应受体个数和细胞信号级联放大作用,动力学参数可以为评价肠黏膜系统的各种受体对相应配体的传感活性及生理作用提供评价方法和科学依据。

Precipitation kinetics of GP zones,metastable η′ phase and equilibrium η phase in Al-5.46wt.%Zn-1.67wt.%Mg alloy

Thermal analysis is one of the most used techniques for analyzing the behavior of aluminum alloys in order to analyze the precipitation of Guinier-Preston(GP)zones and different phases formed.In the present work,the behavior of the Al-5.46wt.%Zn-1.67wt.%Mg alloy was studied.The mechanism and kinetics of precipitation of the GP,the metastable phaseη′and the equilibrium phaseηwere investigated using DSC carried out between room temperature and 480℃at heating rates of 5,10,15 and 20℃/min.The apparent activation energies,calculated by DSC from isothermal calculation method using JMAK model,for GP,η′andηwere 56,79 and 96 kJ/mol,respectively,and those calculated by non-isothermal calculation method using Kissinger methods were 57,82 and 99 kJ/mol,respectively.The values of Avrami parameter,n,from isothermal calculation,during the precipitation of the GP,η′andηwere 1.103,1.9075 and 1.92,respectively,and those calculated by non-isothermal were 0.86,2.30 and 2.24,respectively.The results show that GP zones formation is governed by the migration of Zn and Mg atoms while the precipitation of theη′metastable phase and theηstable phase is governed by both the migration and the diffusion of the solute atoms.

Comparative study on activating fly ash by quick lime and slaked lime: effects and kinetics

Lime, which is a frequently used activating agent of fly ash (FA), has two main states: slaked lime and quick lime. We studied the effects of slaked lime and quick lime on activating FA, and discussed their kinetics. The results show that slaked lime is more beneficial for activating FA than quick lime given the condition of equivalent CaO amount. The use of slaked lime has superiority in technology and economy on activating FA. Theoretical analysis revealed that the kinetic constant of the activation reaction using slaked lime is higher than using quick lime, credited to the better volume stability and fineness, and smaller water demand of slaked lime.

单相和双相钛-钒合金的吸氢行为

研究了Ti-10V α+β双相合金与Ti-30Vβ单相合金的温度-平衡氢压关系以及吸氢动力学,测定了吸氢速率常数和激活能,并对吸氢的速率控制过程进行了讨论.实验结果表明,随着温度升高,吸氢后的平衡氢压升高,而合金中平衡氢浓度则下降.Ti-10V与Ti-30V合金吸氢反应的激活能分别为57.3和84.4 kJ/mol.Ti-10V合金吸氢由氢在α相中的扩散过程所控制,而氢穿过表面氧化膜则是Ti-30V合金吸氢的速率控制步骤.