21世纪以来英国国家技能战略生成动因、内容框架及启示

为实现经济的可持续发展与稳固国际地位,21世纪以来,英国历届政府都关注“技能”问题,将技能战略视为经济社会综合发展战略的重要部分。英国技能战略被提升至国家战略是为了解决技能发展的多重难题,满足政党和民众对技能教育的追求与诉求,顺应国际职业教育改革趋势,同时技能战略的生成也获得了政府部门和专家学者的支持。英国技能战略的内容框架由三个相互关联的领域——技能开发、技能激活以及技能使用构建,即通过教育和培训开发国民技能;激活劳动力的技能储备,使得拥有技能的人进入或是重新进入劳动力市场;确保现有的技能能够被有效地使用。借鉴英国经验,我国技能战略的制定实施应当始终基于国家特色,在世界技能改革潮流中,聚焦我国技能短缺问题,充分发挥政策共同体的作用,优化技能战略生成的政治环境,同时构建综合的技能战略内容体系,发展中国特色现代学徒制以完善职教体系和促进技能开发、加强技能保护与认证以推动技能流入劳动力市场、开展技能供给评估和需求预测以实现技能供需匹配与高效利用。

小学英语课堂教学情境创设探析

小学英语在传统教学模式下,死记硬背已成为小学生无法避免的学习方法。在日复一日的机械训练中,孩子们过早地失去了学习英语的兴趣。因此,在小学英语课堂教学中,创设良好的教学情境是十分必要的。具体方法如下:激发学生的学习兴趣,合理选择情境资源;激活知识的运用技能,精心设计情境情境过程;积淀学生的信息素养,智慧把控情境体验。创设教学情境,化创设教学情境,化抽象为具体,化刻板为生动,使师生和谐地融为一体,在欢快轻松的氛围中学习英语。

Thermal Activation of the Combustion Chamber of a Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine

The dominant feature of the work of many specialists on the design of the internal combustion engine is to achieve the possible lowest fuel consumption, which is the most convenient measure of the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. From the very beginning of this heat machine, there are many of solutions that are better or worse fit to the global development trend. In this paper, the authors suggest the possibility closer to the optimal solution by introducing structural active zones, where the task is instantaneous(during one cycle) heat transfer to the skin layer on elements of the combustion chamber and to transfer part of the recovered heat to the next cycle, reaching a growth effect of the useful efficiency by 10% to 20%. The solution is different from the ones used by the fact that it is only partially insulating barrier, and the main goal is focused on supporting the next thermal cycle by which it is possible to affect as mentioned above. This paper describes the idea of the functioning of the active combustion chamber and pointed out the technical capabilities of its creation.