应用正交试验法研究六种非激素因素对茉莉愈伤组织生长的影响

应用正交试验法研究六种非激素因素（氮源、琼脂、碳源、有机添加物．ｐ Ｈ及光照）对茉莉愈伤组织生长的综合影响．结果表明，其主要影响因素是蔗糖。

不同证型老年男性高血压病患者性激素相关调控因素的比较研究

目的:探讨男性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证与性激素相关调控因素的关联性,从而为研究老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证证候表现的病理生理基础提供依据。方法:根据高血压诊断与分级标准、中医辨证标准选择了男性高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证患者各30例和健康老年男性30例,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测白介素-2(IL-2)、瘦素(Leptin)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)的水平。结果:男性老年人高血压肾气亏虚证患者的性激素相关调控因素水平的异常变化与男性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证的发病有关,预示血清白介素-2、瘦素、促性腺激素释放激素和硫酸脱氢表雄酮水平的异常变化可能是男性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证形成的病理基础之一。

不同证型老年女性高血压病患者性激素相关调控因素的比较研究

目的:探讨女性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证与性激素相关调控因素的关联性,从而为研究老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证证候表现的病理生理基础提供依据。方法:根据高血压诊断与分级标准、中医辨证标准选择了女性高血压病肾气亏虚证、肝火上炎证患者各30例和健康老年女性30例,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测白介素-2(IL-2)、瘦素(Leptin)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)的水平。结果:女性老年人高血压肾气亏虚证患者的性激素相关调控因素水平的异常变化与女性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证的发病有关,预示血清白介素-2水平的异常变化可能是女性老年人高血压病肾气亏虚证形成的病理基础之一。

雄激素性秃发的发病机制及相关的非手术治疗新进展

雄激素性秃发(AGA)是引起脱发的常见疾病类型,严重影响患者的身心健康,但目前仍缺乏安全、有效的治疗方法。雄激素途径对于AGA的发生、发展具有重要作用,但随着对毛发生物学研究的深入,发现还有许多非雄激素途径在AGA的发展中也具有一定作用,如Wnt信号通路、前列腺素D2途径、氧化应激以及微炎症等。这些途径有可能是未来治疗AGA的新方向,目前已有根据这些途径设计的新药物用于AGA的治疗,但还需进一步验证药物的安全性与疗效。

老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证特征性性激素与其相关调控因素的相关性研究

目的:探讨老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证特征性性激素与其相关调控因素的的关联性,从而为研究老年高血压病肾气亏虚证证候表现的病理生理基础提供依据。方法:对30例老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证患者首先采用电化学发光免疫法检测血清卵泡刺激素、雌二醇水平,其次采用放射免疫分析法和酶联免疫吸附法检测血清白介素-2、瘦素、促性腺激素释放激素和硫酸脱氢表雄酮水平,最后应用多重线性回归法建立多重线性回归模型,深入探析老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证特征性性激素指标与特征性性激素相关调控因素之间的相关程度。结果:白介素-2是老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证患者血清雌激素的敏感性调控因素,雌二醇含量变异的20.50%可由白介素-2的变化来解释,且二者呈负相关关系;瘦素是老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证患者血清卵泡刺激素的敏感性调控因素,卵泡刺激素含量变异的18.30%可由瘦素的变化来解释,且二者呈正相关关系。结论:老年男性高血压病肾气亏虚证患者的白介素-2对雌二醇具有负向调控作用,瘦素对卵泡刺激素具有正向调控作用。

Cloning and Expression of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Receptor in Apis cerana cerana

[Objective] This study was to clone the GnRH （gonadotropin-releasing hormone）, and to investigate its expression in Apis cerana cerana. [Method] The cDNA sequence of GnRHR gene was amplified from Apis cerana cerana by using RT-PCR techniques. It was conducted with bioinformatics analysis and the in situ hybridization histochemistry of its expression products was studied. [Result] The sequence analy- sis showed that the full cDNA sequence was 1 050 bp with the open reading frame of 1 050 bp, and it encoded 349 amino acid residues. The deduced amino sequence included 7 transmembrane regions, and the predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point were 40.6 kD and 9.54, respectively. The cluster analysis showed that the GnRHR from ＇,4. cerana cerana had close relationship to the GnRHR II from other insects. In situ hybridization showed that Bee-GnRHR staining was specifically localized to the brain, intestine, fat body and testis. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the GnRHR provided molecular bond for the reproduction and metabolism for insects, and suggested a functional role for bee-GnRHR signaling in the coupling of reproduction activities and environment conditions.

系统性红斑狼疮的复杂发病机制

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种自体免疫性疾病,患者主要为育龄妇女。SLE是一种具有复杂发病机理的异质性综合征。在临床上,该疾病可累及到许多器官,其中包括皮肤和肾脏,还有中枢神经系统、肌肉与骨骼以及造血系统。遗传学、环境、激素水平和免疫调节因素均与其发病机制有关。各种基因可加促SLE的表现,且多数基因群集在1q和6p染色体上。导致SLE发生的环境因素包括紫外线、某些药物和感染。激素因素(雌激素)

Correlation between expression of gastrin, somatostatin and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma

AIM: To explore the correlation between expression of somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS) and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma.METHODS: Sixty-two large intestine cancer tissue samples were randomly and retrospectively selected from patients with large intestine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for bcl-2, bax, GAS, SS was performed according to the standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (S-P) method.According to the semi-quantitative integral evaluation, SS and GAS were divided into three groups as follows. Scores1-3 were defined as the low expression group, 4-8 as the intermediate expression group, 9-16 as the high expression group. Bax and bcl-2 protein expressions in different GAS and SS expression groups of large intestine carcinoma were assessed.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of bax had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P＜0.05, x2ss = 9.246; P＜0.05,x2GAS = 6.981). The positive expression rate of bax in SS high (80.0%, 8/10) and intermediate (76.5%, 13/17)expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (40.0%, 14/35) (P＜0.05, x2high vs low = 5.242; P＜0.05,x2middle vs low = 6.097). The positive expression rate of bax in GAS high expression group (27.3%, 3/8) was lower than that in low expression group (69.4%, 25/36) (P＜0.05,x2 = 4.594). However, bax expression in GAS intermediate expression group (46.7%, 7/15) was lower than that in low expression group, but not statistically significant. The positive expression rate of bcl-2 had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P＜0.05, x2ss = 7.178; P＜0.05, x2GAS = 13.831). The positive expression rate of bcl-2 in GAS high (90.9%, 10/11)and intermediate (86.7%, 13/15) expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (44.4%, 16/36)(P＜0.05,x2high vs low = 5.600; P＜0.05, x2 middle vs low = 7.695).However, the positive expression rate of bcl-2 in SS high (40.0%, 4/10) and intermediate (47.1%, 8/9) expression groups was lower than that in low expression group (77.1%, 27/35)(P＜0.05, x2 high vs low = 4.710; P＜0.05, x2 middle vs low = 4.706).There was a significant positive correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to SS and the integral of bcl-2 (P＜0.01,r=0.340). However, there was a negative correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to the SS and bax the integral of (P＜0.05, r = -0.299).CONCLUSION: The regulation and control of gastrin,somatostatin in cell apoptosis of large intestine carcinoma may be directly related to the abnormal expression of bcl-2, bax.

Effects of intra-gastric beta-casomorphin-7 on somatostatin and gastrin gene expression in rat gastric mucosa

AIM： To investigate the in vivo effect of beta-casomorphin-7on the regulation of gastric somatostatin and gastrin messenger RNA in rat gastric mucosa.METHODS： Somatostatin and gastrin mRNA were quantified by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization （ISH）in 24 rats. The rats were divided into three treatment groups： basal diet ＋ physiological saline （n = 8）, basal diet ＋ beta-casomorphin-7 （7.5 × 10^-7 mol） （n = 8）,and basal diet ＋ poly-Gly-7 （containing equal mol of N with 7.5 × 10^-7 mol beta-casomorphin-7） （n = 8）.After oral administration for 30 days, rats were killed by exsanguinations.RESULTS： After intra-gastric administration of betacasomorphin-7 for 30 d, gastrin mRNA increased by 52.8% （P 〈 0.05, n = 8）, and somatostatin mRNA levels decreased by 30.7% compared with the controls （P 〈0.01, n = 8）. No significant differences in the expression of the two genes were observed in the poly-Gly-treated group, although gastrin mRNA expression was elevated by 35.6% as against the control group （P = 0.15, n =8）. The long-term oral administration of a casomorphin solution significantly decreased the even gray of D-cells,but did not lower the number of D-cells both in the antrum and fundus. Interestingly, the number of G-cells increased in the antrum and fundus, but its average density was augmented only in the antrum.CONCLUSION： Beta-casomorphin-7 is capable of modulating gene expression of the regulatory peptides from G and D cells. Data from in situ hybridization studies indicate that beta-casomorphin-7 affects gastrin gene expression indirectly by means of the paracrine action of somatostatin, and depends on its intrinsic molecular function.

Sex Hormones and Androgen Receptor:Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Men

Objective To investigate the variation of sex hormone and its receptor level in elderly male patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to evaluate the correlations between CHD and sex hormone as well as sex hormone receptor. Methods Altogether 139 male CHD patients (CHD group) aged 60-92 years and 400 healthy men (control group) aged 60-90 years were included in this cross sectional study. The plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS),total testosterone (TT),free testosterone (FT),estradiol (E2),sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG),luteinizing hormone (LH),and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The androgen receptor (AR) was tested by flow cytometry. Correlations between CHD and levels of sex hormones and AR were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group,the levels of DHEAS,TT,FT,SHBG,and the fluorescence intensity of AR in the CHD group significantly reduced (P<0.05),while the levels of FSH and E2 significantly increased (P<0.01). Age was negatively correlated with TT (r=-0.28,P=0.00) and FT (r=-0.17,P=0.01),while it was positively correlated with SHBG (r=0.14,P=0.04) and E2 (r=0.33,P=0.00). AR fluorescence intensity was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.12,P=0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TT,SHBG,and AR were all negatively correlated with CHD (P<0.05). Conclusions Elderly male patients with CHD are found to have low levels of DHEAS,TT,FT,SHBG,and AR,while high concentrations of E2 and FSH. Low levels of TT and SHBG may be the potential risk factors of CHD in elderly men.

Correlations between Expression of Estrogen and Androgen Receptors and the Clinical Characteristics of Prolactinoma~*

Objective： To study the correlations between estrogen receptor （ER） and androgen receptor （AR） and the clinical presentations of prolactinoma and investigate the effect of ER and AR expression on the pathogenesis of prolactinoma in sexual difference. Methods： The clinical data of 30 patients who had undergone transsphenoidal operations in Tongji Hospital from December 2000 to December 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical information included sex, age, serum-prolactin, size, tumor invasiveness, history of use of bromocriptine and frequency of recurrence. In 20 out of the 30 patients, the ER and AR expression was detected by using immunohistochemistry method. With help of Chi-square test, the relationship between ER, AR and the clinical presentations was analyzed. Results： The statistical values revealed that there was no significant correlation between the ER and AR expression levels with the clinical presentations such as sex, age, tumor size or tumor invasiveness among the 20 patients studied （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The expression of ER or AR is not influenced by the clinical data of prolactinoma such as sex, age, tumor diameter or extent of tumor invasiveness. The tumor is more aggressive in males than in females. In maroadenoma or tumor with hyperprolactineamia （〉200 ng/mL） simple surgical treatment can＇t successfully cure the prolactinoma. Post-operative bromocriptine therapy can＇t be determined by the sex of the patients, but is greatly related to the tumor size and serum-prolactin level before operation.

Is the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease?

Despite heavy consumption over a long period of time, only a small number of alcoholics develop alcoholic liver disease. This alludes to the possibility that other factors, besides alcohol, may be involved in the progression of the disease. Over the years, many such factors have indeed been identified, including iron. Despite being crucial for various important biological processes, iron can also be harmful due to its ability to catalyze Fenton chemistry. Alcohol and iron have been shown to interact synergistically to cause liver injury. Iron-mediated cell signaling has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of experimental alcoholic liver disease. Hepcidin is an iron-regulatory hormone synthesized by the liver, which plays a pivotal role in iron homeostasis. Both acute and chronic alcohol exposure suppress hepcidin expression in the liver. The sera of patients with alcoholic liver disease, particularly those exhibiting higher serum iron indices, have also been reported to display reduced prohepcidin levels. Alcohol-mediated oxidative stress is involved in the inhibition of hepcidin promoter activity and transcription in the liver. This in turn leads to an increase in intestinal iron transport and liver iron storage. Hepcidin is expressed primarily in hepatocytes. It is noteworthy that both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells are involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease. However, the activation of Kupffer cells and TNF-α signaling has been reported not to be involved in the down-regulation of hepcidin expression by alcohol in the liver. Alcohol acts within the parenchymal cells of the liver to suppress the synthesis of hepcidin. Due to its crucial role in the regulation of body iron stores, hepcidin may act as a secondary risk factor in the progression of alcoholic liver disease. The clarification of the mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts iron homeostasis will allow for further understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.

Effect of electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian on somatostatin and expression of somatostatin receptor genes in rabbits with gastric ulcer

AIM： To discuss the protective effect of electroacupuncture at the Foot-Yangming Meridian on gastric mucosal lesion, somatostatin （SS） and the expression of SS receptor genes （SSR1mRNA） in rabbits with gastric ulcer and to further explore the relative specificity of meridians and viscera at gene expression level. METHODS： Forty rabbits were randomly divided into control group （A）, gastric ulcer model group （B）, FootYangming Meridian group （C）, Foot-Shaoyang Meridian group （D） and Foot-Taiyang Meridian group （E）. The gastric ulcer model was prepared by infusing alcohol into stomach. Groups C-E were treated with electroacupuncture at points along the above meridians using meridian stimulating instruments for 7 days respectively. By the end of treatment, the index of gastric ulcer was determined, the amount of epidermal growth factor（EGF） and somatostatin was measured by radioimmunoassay （PJA）. SS-R1mRNA expression in gastric mucosa was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS： The value of EGF in model group was obviously lower（73.6±14.8 vs 91.3±14.9 pg/mL, P〈 0.01） than that in control group. The index of gastric ulcer, content of SS and expression of SSRtmRNA in gastric mucosa were significantly higher than those in control group （24.88 ± 6.29 vs 8.50 ± 2.98 scores, P〈 0.01; 2978.6 ± 587.6 vs 1852.4 ± 361.7 mIU/mL, P〈 0.01; 2.56±0.25 vs 1.04±0.36, P〈0.01） . The value of EGF in Foot-Yangming Meridian group was higher than that in model group（92.2±6.7 vs 73.6±14.8 pg/mL, P〈 0.01）. The index of gastric ulcer, content of SS and expression of SS-R1mRNA in gastric mucosa were significantlylower than those in control group（10.88±3.23 vs 24.88±6.29 scores, P〈0.01; 1800.2±488 vs 2978.6±587.6 mIU/mL, P 〈 0.01; 1.07±0.08 vs 2.56±0.25mIU/mL, P〈0.01）. Compared to the model group, the content of SS and expression of SSRlmRNA in gastric mucosa in Foot-Shaoyang Meridian group decreased （2441.0±488. vs 2978.6± 587.6 mIU/mL, P〈 0.05; 1.73±0.16 vs 2.56±0.25 mIU/mL, P〈0.01）. But the above parameters in Foot-Taiyang Meridian group did not improve and were significantly different from those in Footoyangming Meridian group （P〈0.05） CONCLUSION： Electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian can protect gastric mocusa against injury. The mechanism may be releted to the regulation of brain-gut peptides and the expression of SSRtmRNA.

EFFECT OF INTERLEUKIN-1β ON GROWTH HORMONE GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS POSSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISM IN RAT MtT/S SOMATOTROPH CELLS

Objective To elucidate the effect of interleukin-1β （IL- 1β） on human growth hormone （hGH） gene expression in a rat somatotropic pituitary cell line MtT/S. Methods Stably transfected MtT/S cells were firstly established by transfecting 484-Lucl plasmid which contained hGH gene promoter --484 to ＋30 bp and luciferase reporter gene. The effect of IL-1β on hGH gene expression was determined by assaying the luciferase activities. RT-PCR method was also used to determine whether IL-1 recepor mRNA was expressed in MtT/S cells. Results The 10^3 U/mL IL-1β stimulated secretion and synthesis of GH, and promoted the 5＇-promoter activity of GH gene in stably transfected MtT/SGL cells with the action of 1.38 times above the control. Among inhibitors of signaling transduction pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase （MAPKK/MEK） inhibitor PD98059 （40 μmol/L） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） inhibitor SB203580 （5 μmol/L） completely blocked the stimulatory effect of IL-1μ, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3-K） inhibitor LY294002 partly abolished the effect of IL-1μ. Western blot analysis further confirmed the activation of phosphorylated MEK and p38 MAPK in MtT/SGL cells. Neither over-expression of Pit- 1 nor inhibition of Pit- 1 expression affected induction of hGH promoter activity by IL-1μ. A series of deletion constructs of hGH promoter were created to identify the DNA sequence that mediated the effect of IL-1β, and results showed that the stimulatory effect of IL-1β was abolished following deletion of the --196 to -- 132 bp fragment. Conclusions IL-1β promotes GH secretion and synthesis in rat MtT/S somatotroph cells. The stimulatory effect of IL-1β on hGH gene promoter appears to require the activation of MEK, p38 MAPK, PI3-K, and a fragment of promoter sequence that spans the -196 to -132 bp of the gene, but it may be unlinked with Pit-1 protein.

Correlation between the expressions of gastrin, somatostatin and cyclin and cyclin-depend kinase in colorectal cancer

AIM： To explore the correlation between the expressions of gastrin （GAS）, somatostatin （SS） and cyclin, cyclin- dependent kinase （CDK） in colorectal cancer, and to detect the specific regulatory sites where gastrointestinal hormone regulates cell proliferati6n. METHODS： Seventy-nine resected large intestine carcinomatous specimens were randomly selected. Immunohistochemical staining for GAS, SS, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin B1, CDK2 and CDK4 was performed according to the standard streptavidinbiotin-peroxidase （S-P） method. According to the semiquantitative integral evaluation, SS and GAS were divided into high, middle and low groups. Cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, cydin B1, CDK2, CDK4 expressions in the three GAS and SS groups were assessed. RESULTS： The positive expression rate of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in high （78.6%, 11/14） and middle GAS groups （73.9%, 17/23） than in low GAS group （45.2%, 19/42） （P〈0.05, X^2 high vs low = 4.691; P〈0.05, X^2 middle vs low = 4.945）. The positive expression rate of cyclin A was significantly higher in high （100%, 14/14） and middle GAS groups （82.6%, 19/23） than in low GAS group （54.8%, 23/42） （P〈0.01, X2high vs low = 9.586; P〈0.05, X^2 middle vs low = 5.040）. The positive expression rate of CDK2 was significantly higher in high （92.9%, 13/14） and middle GAS groups （87.0%, 20/23） than in low GAS group （50.0%, 21142） （P〈0.01, X^2 high vs low = 8.086; P〈0.01,X^2 middle low = 8.715）. The positive expression rate of CDK4 was significantly higher in high （78.6%, 11/14）and middle GAS groups （78.3%, 18/23） than in low GAS group （42.9%, 18/42） （P〈0.05, X^2 high vs low= 5.364; P〈0.01, X^2 middle vs low = 7.539）. The positive expression rate of cyclin E was prominently higher in low SS group （53.3%, 24/45） than in high （9.1%, 1/11） and middle （21.7%, 5/23） SS groups （P〈0.05, X^2 high vs low = 5.325; P〈0.05, X^2 middle vs low = 6.212）. The positive expression rate of CDK2 was significantly higher in low SS group （77.8%, 35/45） than in high SS group （27.3%, 3/11） （P〈0.01, X^2 high vs low = 8.151）. There was a significant positive correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to SS and the semi-quantitative integral of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, CDK2, CDK4 （P〈0.05, 0% = 0.252; P〈0.01, E^rs = 0.387; P〈0.01,A^rs = 0.466; P〈0.01, K2^rs = 0.519; P〈0.01, K4^rs = 0.434）. CONCLUSION： The regulation and control of gastrin, SS in colorectal cancer cell growth may be directly related to the abnormal expressions of cyclins D1, A, E, and CDK2, CDK4. The regulatory site of GAS in the cell cycle of colorectal carcinoma may be at the G2, S and G2 phases. The regulatory site of SS may be at the entrance of S phase.

Problems associated with glucose toxicity:Role of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress

Glucose homeostasis deficiency leads to a chronic increase in blood glucose concentration. In contrast to physiological glucose concentration, chronic super-physiological glucose concentration negatively affects a large number of organs and tissues. Glucose toxicity means a decrease in insulin secretion and an increase in insulin resistance due to chronic hyperglycemia. It is now generally accepted that glucose toxicity is involved in the worsening of diabetes by affecting the secretion of B-cells. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the adverse effects of hyperglycemia. It was found that persistent hyperglycemia caused the functional decline of neutrophils. Infection is thus the main problem resulting from glucose toxicity in the acute phase. In other words, continued hyperglycemia is a life-threatening risk factor, not only in the chronic but also the acute phase, and it becomes a risk factor for infection, particularly in the perioperative period.

The Characteristics of vasa Gene from Japanese Sea Bass(Lateolabrax japonicas) and Its Response to the External Hormones

The RNA helicase Vasa is an important regulator of primordial germ cell development. Its function in mature fish, espe- cially the hormone-related differences in maturing male fish has seldom been documented. In this study, a full length cDNA sequence of the vasa gene was cloned from Japanese sea bass, Lateolabraxjaponicas, and it was namedjsb-vasa. Homology analysis showed thatjsb-vasa was closely related to its teleost homologs. The spatial distribution ofjsb-vasa indicated that it was only highly ex- pressed in testis, showing its germ cell-specific expression pattern. During the testicular development cycle, jsb-vasa was highly expressed during early period of spermatogenesis, and reduced when spermatogenesis advanced. In addition, the jsb-vasa gene ex- pression was significantly inhibited at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after injecting hCG （human ehorionic gonadotropin） and GnRHa （Gonad- otropin-releasing hormone analogue）, indicating thatjsb-vasa gene may play an important role in spermatogenesis of Japanese sea bass, and be under the regulation of external sex hormones.

Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for patients with microinvasive breast cancer after surgery？

Objective: Survival and treatment of patients with microinvasive breast cancer(MIBC) remain controversial. In this paper, we evaluated whether adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for patients with MIBC to identify risk factors influencing its prognosis and decide the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: In this retrospective study, 108 patients with MIBC were recruited according to seventh edition of the staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC). The subjects were divided into chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups.We compared the 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) rates between groups. Furthermore, we analyzed the factors related to prognosis for patients with MIBC using univariate and multivariate analyses. We also evaluated the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the prognostic factors by subgroup analysis after median follow-up time of 33 months(13-104months).Results: The 5-year DFS and OS rates for the chemotherapy group were 93.7% and 97.5%, whereas those for the nonchemotherapy group were 89.7% and 100%. Results indicate that 5-year DFS was superior, but OS was inferior, in the former group compared with the latter group. However, no statistical significance was observed in the 5-year DFS(P=0.223) or OS(P=0.530) rate of the two groups. Most relevant poor-prognostic factors were Ki-67 overexpression and negative hormonal receptors. Cumulative survival was 98.2% vs. 86.5% between low Ki-67(≤20%) and high Ki-67(>20%). The hazard ratio of patients with high Ki-67 was 16.585 [95% confidence interval(CI), 1.969-139.724; P=0.010]. Meanwhile, ER(-)/PR(-) patients with MIBC had cumulative survival of 79.3% compared with 97.5% for ER(+) or PR(+) patients with MIBC. The hazard ratio for ER(-)/PR(-) patients with MIBC was 19.149(95% CI, 3.702-99.057; P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that chemotherapy could improve the outcomes of ER(-)/PR(-) patients(P=0.014), but not those who overexpress Ki-67(P=0.105).Conclusions: Patients with MIBC who overexpress Ki-67 and with negative hormonal receptors have relatively substantial risk of relapse within the first five years after surgery. However, adjuvant chemotherapy can only improve the outcomes of ER(-)/PR(-)patients, but not those who overexpress Ki-67. Further studies with prolonged follow-up of large cohorts are recommended to assess the prognostic significance and treatment of this lesion.

生长素与体育运动

生长激素在体育运动中的作用日益受到体育科学界的关注,它对运动能力的改善作用已被较多的实验所证实。近年来,对促生长激素分泌因素的研究拓开了研究体育内分泌学的新途径。