The embryogenesis, pollen germination, floral character and seed physiology of the endangered plant Manglietia aromatica Dandy were investigated. Based on this study, this species has very low seed set rate. The abort...The embryogenesis, pollen germination, floral character and seed physiology of the endangered plant Manglietia aromatica Dandy were investigated. Based on this study, this species has very low seed set rate. The abortion rate of functional megaspores in all the ovules is 27.9%, the egg cell abortion rate of mature embryo sacs is up to 80%, and the germination rate of pollen grains is as low as nearly 0.01%. In addition, the floral structure appears to be another limited factor for the effective pollination of this species. The endangerment mechanism of this species seems to be comprehensive. Human's destroying actions are the direct factors that have made the population degenerate quickly; low reproductive ability and the destroyed environments are the main reasons that prevent the population from renovating and spreading. Therefore, the conservation measures suggested by this study are to research the breed technology, artificial population renovating, in situ conservation, and ex situ conservation.展开更多
Formation, development and degeneration of Tamarix taklamakanensis M.T. Liu community may be affected by wind-sand disturbance. On the basis of field survey and experiments that took eight years from 1994, it was foun...Formation, development and degeneration of Tamarix taklamakanensis M.T. Liu community may be affected by wind-sand disturbance. On the basis of field survey and experiments that took eight years from 1994, it was found that the plant community was formed in wet and low-lying land, developed in sand burying land, and died out in the land with strong wind erosion and severe sand burying. In the initial stage of the community formation, the low-lying land that was formed by wind erosion provided a suitable habitat for seed germination and plant rooting, but salt stress from ground water reduced seedling survival rate. In the developing stage of the community, sand burying stimulated vigorous growth of the shrubs. In the degenerative stage of the community, the wind erosion and sand burying resulted in dying out of the shrubs. It is therefore concluded that wind-sand disturbance has a positive role in the formation and development of the community, and is in a close association with the process of the community degeneration. Taking the habitat of T taklamakanensis into account, it may be appropriate to note that, under the conditions of frequent disturbance and severe stress, desert pioneer species are adaptable and able to survive. This might be a supplement to the CSR strategy.展开更多
The nominated property, Cat Ba Archipelago, includes Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, Cat Ba National Park, and Long Chau Island group, which belongs to Cat Hai District, Hal Phong City, Vietnam. Cat Ba Archipela...The nominated property, Cat Ba Archipelago, includes Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, Cat Ba National Park, and Long Chau Island group, which belongs to Cat Hai District, Hal Phong City, Vietnam. Cat Ba Archipelago represents the ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of Asia＇s characteristic marine and insular ecosystems, both tropical and subtropic. The nominated property is a high biodiversity center with 3,860 species of plants and animals on islands and in the sea, of which 130 species are recorded on the Red Lists of Nationally and Internationally Threatened Species, and 76 species on the IUCN Red List of Globally Threatened Species. The iconic Cat Ba white-headed langur （Trachypithecus poliocephalus） is an endemic species indigenous to Cat Ba Archipelago where at present one population of 63 individuals only survives but nowhere else in the world. The Cat Ba white-headed langur is recognized as a critically endangered species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild, thus needing urgent protection. The existence of another 20 endemic species in Cat Ba Archipelago shows that the process of evolution are on-going here, as new species continue to emerge in this unique archipelagic habitat.展开更多
Turkey contains about 11,000 plant taxa. The study area covers East Mediterranean Region of South Anatolia. It is detected that plant diversity in this area corresponds to 51% of Turkey＇s native flora. In this study,...Turkey contains about 11,000 plant taxa. The study area covers East Mediterranean Region of South Anatolia. It is detected that plant diversity in this area corresponds to 51% of Turkey＇s native flora. In this study, we investigated native plants in point of ethnobotanic usage of some endemic and endangered plants used as folk remedies in Anatolia. Especially collected causes of these plants are executed. A questionnaire form is designed as a tool for gathering information from many villages of different districts within the area. Endemic taxon rate in the study area is 25% and non-endemic taxon rate is 5%. 45% of the plants in the area have ethnobotanical importance. 21% of them are utilized as medicinal, 14% as foods, 10% as agricultural products, 6% as industrial inputs and 3% as ornamental plants. 6% of the endangered plants with ethnobotanical importance are endemic and 2% of them are non-endemic. Due to ethnobotanical usage, endemic plants are endangered. 12 of 13 critically endangered taxa are utilised as medicinal, 5 as foods, 1 as agricultural and industrial input. In research area, some other taxa are also mistakenly collected because of morphological, physiological or aromatical resemblance to those collected plants. This fact creates even more negative impact especially on endemic and endangered taxa population.展开更多
The present work dealt with sexual reproduction capacity of three relic species of the genus Sternbergia （family AmaryUidaceae） distributed in the Caucasus, i.e., Sternbergia lutea （L.） Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., Stern...The present work dealt with sexual reproduction capacity of three relic species of the genus Sternbergia （family AmaryUidaceae） distributed in the Caucasus, i.e., Sternbergia lutea （L.） Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., Sternbergiafischeriana （Herb.） Roem and Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. ＆ Kit.. Under this study, the natural populations of species, which possess valuable medicinal and ornamental properties, have been assessed by experts as vulnerable, and S. colchiciflora is included in the red list of endemic plants of the Caucasus, as having status of the critically endangered species. The situation is aggravated by the poor self-regeneration capacity of these species, which is one of the main factors responsible for the sustainability of the population of this or that species in the wild. Self-regeneration capacity for sexual reproduction was investigated in the listed species of the genus Sternbergia using common methods of embryology and reproduction biology. In conditions of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia （NBGG）, the species S. lutea and S. fischeriana prove to be completely infertile and propagate vegetatively by bulblets, while S. colchiciflora revealed the ability for propagation by seed. Long-term conservation of seeds of the studied species S. colchiciflora in the Caucasus Regional Seed Bank （CRSB） and establishing of living collections of this species at the experimental plot were chosen as the method for safeguarding this critically endangered species.展开更多
文摘The embryogenesis, pollen germination, floral character and seed physiology of the endangered plant Manglietia aromatica Dandy were investigated. Based on this study, this species has very low seed set rate. The abortion rate of functional megaspores in all the ovules is 27.9%, the egg cell abortion rate of mature embryo sacs is up to 80%, and the germination rate of pollen grains is as low as nearly 0.01%. In addition, the floral structure appears to be another limited factor for the effective pollination of this species. The endangerment mechanism of this species seems to be comprehensive. Human's destroying actions are the direct factors that have made the population degenerate quickly; low reproductive ability and the destroyed environments are the main reasons that prevent the population from renovating and spreading. Therefore, the conservation measures suggested by this study are to research the breed technology, artificial population renovating, in situ conservation, and ex situ conservation.
文摘Formation, development and degeneration of Tamarix taklamakanensis M.T. Liu community may be affected by wind-sand disturbance. On the basis of field survey and experiments that took eight years from 1994, it was found that the plant community was formed in wet and low-lying land, developed in sand burying land, and died out in the land with strong wind erosion and severe sand burying. In the initial stage of the community formation, the low-lying land that was formed by wind erosion provided a suitable habitat for seed germination and plant rooting, but salt stress from ground water reduced seedling survival rate. In the developing stage of the community, sand burying stimulated vigorous growth of the shrubs. In the degenerative stage of the community, the wind erosion and sand burying resulted in dying out of the shrubs. It is therefore concluded that wind-sand disturbance has a positive role in the formation and development of the community, and is in a close association with the process of the community degeneration. Taking the habitat of T taklamakanensis into account, it may be appropriate to note that, under the conditions of frequent disturbance and severe stress, desert pioneer species are adaptable and able to survive. This might be a supplement to the CSR strategy.
文摘The nominated property, Cat Ba Archipelago, includes Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, Cat Ba National Park, and Long Chau Island group, which belongs to Cat Hai District, Hal Phong City, Vietnam. Cat Ba Archipelago represents the ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of Asia＇s characteristic marine and insular ecosystems, both tropical and subtropic. The nominated property is a high biodiversity center with 3,860 species of plants and animals on islands and in the sea, of which 130 species are recorded on the Red Lists of Nationally and Internationally Threatened Species, and 76 species on the IUCN Red List of Globally Threatened Species. The iconic Cat Ba white-headed langur （Trachypithecus poliocephalus） is an endemic species indigenous to Cat Ba Archipelago where at present one population of 63 individuals only survives but nowhere else in the world. The Cat Ba white-headed langur is recognized as a critically endangered species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild, thus needing urgent protection. The existence of another 20 endemic species in Cat Ba Archipelago shows that the process of evolution are on-going here, as new species continue to emerge in this unique archipelagic habitat.
文摘Turkey contains about 11,000 plant taxa. The study area covers East Mediterranean Region of South Anatolia. It is detected that plant diversity in this area corresponds to 51% of Turkey＇s native flora. In this study, we investigated native plants in point of ethnobotanic usage of some endemic and endangered plants used as folk remedies in Anatolia. Especially collected causes of these plants are executed. A questionnaire form is designed as a tool for gathering information from many villages of different districts within the area. Endemic taxon rate in the study area is 25% and non-endemic taxon rate is 5%. 45% of the plants in the area have ethnobotanical importance. 21% of them are utilized as medicinal, 14% as foods, 10% as agricultural products, 6% as industrial inputs and 3% as ornamental plants. 6% of the endangered plants with ethnobotanical importance are endemic and 2% of them are non-endemic. Due to ethnobotanical usage, endemic plants are endangered. 12 of 13 critically endangered taxa are utilised as medicinal, 5 as foods, 1 as agricultural and industrial input. In research area, some other taxa are also mistakenly collected because of morphological, physiological or aromatical resemblance to those collected plants. This fact creates even more negative impact especially on endemic and endangered taxa population.
文摘The present work dealt with sexual reproduction capacity of three relic species of the genus Sternbergia （family AmaryUidaceae） distributed in the Caucasus, i.e., Sternbergia lutea （L.） Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., Sternbergiafischeriana （Herb.） Roem and Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. ＆ Kit.. Under this study, the natural populations of species, which possess valuable medicinal and ornamental properties, have been assessed by experts as vulnerable, and S. colchiciflora is included in the red list of endemic plants of the Caucasus, as having status of the critically endangered species. The situation is aggravated by the poor self-regeneration capacity of these species, which is one of the main factors responsible for the sustainability of the population of this or that species in the wild. Self-regeneration capacity for sexual reproduction was investigated in the listed species of the genus Sternbergia using common methods of embryology and reproduction biology. In conditions of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia （NBGG）, the species S. lutea and S. fischeriana prove to be completely infertile and propagate vegetatively by bulblets, while S. colchiciflora revealed the ability for propagation by seed. Long-term conservation of seeds of the studied species S. colchiciflora in the Caucasus Regional Seed Bank （CRSB） and establishing of living collections of this species at the experimental plot were chosen as the method for safeguarding this critically endangered species.
