加强对灌越冬池管理

通过对1998年灌西盐场灌越冬池面积过大造成危害进行分析,论述加强对灌越冬池管理的重要性及措施。

海水饱和点的计算研究及其在制盐工业上的应用

运用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质溶液理论，借助于计算机研究了海水的饱和点，并探讨了用该计算程序优化灌池浓度，指导盐业生产的可行性。

β-环糊精对丹酚酸B肠黏膜透过性的促进作用研究

[目的]拟用β-环糊精为促渗剂提高丹酚酸B透过肠黏膜的能力,以及考察不同质量浓度β-环糊精对丹酚酸B肠黏膜透过性的促进作用。[方法]选择大鼠的十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠为考察肠段,用Ussing chamber技术考察丹酚酸B溶液及添加β-环糊精促渗剂的丹酚酸B溶液分别在4个肠段的透过情况。[结果]β-环糊精能明显提高丹酚酸B在十二指肠、空肠、回肠3个肠段的透过性;180 min后β-环糊精组的肠段的电阻降为初始电阻值的65%;质量浓度为0.13%的β-环糊精促渗效果优于质量浓度0.65%、1.3%的β-环糊精的促渗效果。[结论]β-环糊精能够提高丹酚酸B透过肠黏膜的能力,这可能与β-环糊精能够打开细胞间紧密连接有关系;当β-环糊精的浓度从0.13%升到1.3%,丹酚酸B的表观渗透系数随着浓度升高而减小,其机制有待进一步研究。

抓住两个关键 促进原盐质量稳步提高

通过对原盐生产各个环节的质量控制和政策的调节,阐述了重视原盐质量的重要性和提高质量的途径。

Eco-drainage Pond in Non Irrigated Land for the Conservation of Land and Water Based on Community Participation

There are some bad impacts from a critical land such as flood in rainy season and dryness in dry season. Long dryness could cause shortage of water for human consumption, industry and agriculture. Prevention has been made to avoid the both bad impacts by building hydraulic structures like reservoirs and ponds in order to reduce the peak flow during the rainy season and to store the water for use during the dry season. However, they gradually become full of sediment. This will make them work insufficiently and will cause high maintenance cost. Moreover, wells in agriculture field used as retention also suffer dryness to make crop failure. This study aims to develop a model of pond for conservation of land and water in non irrigated land. Community participation is crucial in order to solve the flood and dryness problems. The community, especially the farmers will participate actively in the implementation and maintenance of the model. There are benefits in using the pond model such as： （1） to control sediment transport to the rivers, reservoir or other hydraulic structures; （2） to reduce flood rate; （3） to increase ground water recharge; （4） to contain water for agriculture and （5） to control the fertility of land. The cost of making a unit of model （sedrainpond） of 1.5 m diameter and 1.5 meter depth is relatively cheap between $10 to $20 （US）, and the maintenance is done by the farmers. When the pond model becomes functional, besides containing water in the rainy season, the water can be used to sustain water for agriculture in the dry season to avoid any crop failure. When the pond becomes dry, the farmers can harvest the suspended load sediment such as clay or silt to spread onto their land to keep its fertility.

Effects of electroacupuncture at Fengchi(GB20)on motor function and GFAP/NeuN expression around the ischemic tissue of the motor cortex in MCAO rats

Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to provide a scientific basis for future experimental research and clinical applications.Methods:Forty male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group,a normal with EA group,a model group,and a model with EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The normal group received no intervention.The normal with EA group received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).The model group underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the suture.The model with EA group underwent MCAO and received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).Cerebral blood flow was monitored using a laser Doppler cerebral blood flow meter.Neurologic damage was assessed using the neurologic deficit score,and motor ability was observed using the CatWalk gait system.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclei(NeuN)protein,the neuron markers,was detected by Western blotting.The protein expression levels of GFAP and NeuN,as well as the number of positive cells in the motor cortex,were detected using immunofluorescence.Results:Compared to the normal group,the cerebral blood flow values in the model group and the model with EA group decreased by more than 50%during the modeling process(P<0.01)and returned to pre-modeling levels after reperfusion(P>0.05).The neurologic deficit score increased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity decreased(P<0.05),GFAP protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.05),and the NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells decreased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared to the model group,the neurologic deficit score decreased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity accelerated(P<0.05),GFAP and NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.01)in the model with EA group.Conclusion:EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)can reduce neuronal loss and increase GFAP and NeuN protein expression in the motor cortex of rats after ischemia-reperfusion,improve the motor function after ischemic stroke,and accelerate the recovery of balance and stability of the affected limbs.

Tameike Reservoirs as Agricultural Heritage: From the Case Study of Kunisaki Peninsula in Oita, Japan

This paper looks at the agricultural heritage potential of the tameike reservoirs in Japan,through a case study of the Kunisaki Peninsula,which was recognized as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System （GIAHS） in May,2013.The ＂tameike＂ in this area are small scale ponds storing spring water or water flowing through the short and rapid rivers of the area.Tameike construction in Kunisaki is found to be closely associated with the spread of wet rice cultivation and forestry.Most existing reservoirs were built during the Edo Period （1603-1867）,and were managed through traditional farming knowhow till the postwar period.However,rapid decline in the use and ecosystem functions of these reservoirs ensued from the years of economic development,and at present,total number of these reservoirs has fallen to nearly one-third,compared to the pre-Meiji time.The GIAHS initiative is trying to reevaluate the ecosystem functions and knowledge systems associated with these reservoirs and link them to rural revitalization efforts.This article is based on both literature survey and field based research with regional coordinators,and comes to the conclusion that proper management of these reservoirs can successfully reinvigorate a culture of resource circulation,that defined the agri-heritage of Kunisaki area in historical times.

Evaluation of Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Soil Water Retention Curve of Saline and Saline-Alkali Soils of Iran

Soil water retention data are essential for irrigation scheduling and determination of irrigation frequency. However, direct measurement of this characteristic is time consuming and expensive and furthermore its spatial and temporal variabilities in field scales increase the number of measurements. Different pedotransfer functions, such as Saxton et al., Campbell, Vereecken et al., l^awls and Brakensiek, WSsten et al., Rajkni et al., Ghorbani Dashtaki and Homaee, Zacharias and Wessolek, and Rosetta, were evaluated to estimate soil water retention of saline and saline-alkali soils collected from south of Tehran, Iran. The saturation-extract conductivity of all the 68 samples and exchangeable sodium percentage of more than half of them were measured to be greater than 4 dS m-1 and 15%, respectively. The calculated Akaike＇s information criterion values showed that Saxton et al. and Campbell models were the best in estimation of soil water retention curve and total available water, respectively.