The sustainability of agricultural production depends on conservation and appropriate use and management of scarce water resources especially in arid and semi-arid areas where irrigation is required for the production...The sustainability of agricultural production depends on conservation and appropriate use and management of scarce water resources especially in arid and semi-arid areas where irrigation is required for the production of food and cash crops. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of surface and subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） at 5, 20 and 35 cm depths on water＇s dynamic in soil （Soil moisture distribution, water＇s stock in soil and irrigation water use efficiency） to produce maize in semiarid climates. Field study was conducted at the Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott Meriem, Tunisia. The results indicated that soil moisture content under subsurface drip irrigation at 35 cm （T3） depth was more uniform compared to 5 cm （T1） and 20 cm （T2）. Moreover, irrigation water use efficiency was higher in this treatment. Indeed, it increased about 18%, 14% and 7% for T3, T2 and T1, respectively when compared with surface drip irrigation. The results of the present study showed that SDI allows uniform soil moisture, minimize the evaporative loss and delivery water directly to the plant root zone and consequently increases use efficiency. Further research is needed in order to determine whether corn production with SDI is feasible in the arid region.展开更多
The current study was carried out at Agricultural College, University of Baghdad in the vegetable farm, Department of Horticulture during 2013 spring growing season. Yield response to irrigation of different crops is ...The current study was carried out at Agricultural College, University of Baghdad in the vegetable farm, Department of Horticulture during 2013 spring growing season. Yield response to irrigation of different crops is of major importance in production planning where water resources are limited. This study aims to determine the effect of different irrigation treatment （deficit irrigation） and potassium humate fertilizer on yield, content of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphor in tuber of potato and water use efficiency in the Abu-Graib Region, Iraq. Potato was grown under drip irrigation with three treatments： irrigation applied when evaporation 75%, 100% and 125% from pan A, and three potassium humate fertilizers： 0, 1.2 and 2.4 kg/ha with three times additions. The seasonal potato evapotranspiration ranged from 267 mm to 372 mm. The drip irrigation treatment had significant effecting tuber yield of potato recorder 29,530, 27,630 and 24,880 kg/ha for 125%, 100% and 75% from pan A evapotranspiration, respectively. Humus fertilizers addition has the lowest value of ETa 309 mm and maximum value of yield 2,930 kg/ha. Water use efficiency （WUE） and irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） values increased with increasing humus fertilizers, recording 9.92, 14.52, 8.59, 12.42 and 7.51, 10.70 kg/m3 for potassium humate K3 （2.4 kg/ha）, K2 （1.2 kg/ha） and KI （0.0 kg/ha）, respectively. Plants irrigated with 125% from class pans A evaporation, produced a significant increase in N, P and K content in tubers recorder 0.96%, 0.58% and 1.52%, respectively. Potassium humus-fertilizer significant differences among K1, K2 and K3 on high of plants reached 41.52, 50.08 and 56.39 cm, respectively, number of stems/plant 2.69, 3.22 and 3.78, respectively, leaves area index recorder 2.80, 3.35 and 3.73.展开更多
文摘The sustainability of agricultural production depends on conservation and appropriate use and management of scarce water resources especially in arid and semi-arid areas where irrigation is required for the production of food and cash crops. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of surface and subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） at 5, 20 and 35 cm depths on water＇s dynamic in soil （Soil moisture distribution, water＇s stock in soil and irrigation water use efficiency） to produce maize in semiarid climates. Field study was conducted at the Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott Meriem, Tunisia. The results indicated that soil moisture content under subsurface drip irrigation at 35 cm （T3） depth was more uniform compared to 5 cm （T1） and 20 cm （T2）. Moreover, irrigation water use efficiency was higher in this treatment. Indeed, it increased about 18%, 14% and 7% for T3, T2 and T1, respectively when compared with surface drip irrigation. The results of the present study showed that SDI allows uniform soil moisture, minimize the evaporative loss and delivery water directly to the plant root zone and consequently increases use efficiency. Further research is needed in order to determine whether corn production with SDI is feasible in the arid region.
文摘The current study was carried out at Agricultural College, University of Baghdad in the vegetable farm, Department of Horticulture during 2013 spring growing season. Yield response to irrigation of different crops is of major importance in production planning where water resources are limited. This study aims to determine the effect of different irrigation treatment （deficit irrigation） and potassium humate fertilizer on yield, content of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphor in tuber of potato and water use efficiency in the Abu-Graib Region, Iraq. Potato was grown under drip irrigation with three treatments： irrigation applied when evaporation 75%, 100% and 125% from pan A, and three potassium humate fertilizers： 0, 1.2 and 2.4 kg/ha with three times additions. The seasonal potato evapotranspiration ranged from 267 mm to 372 mm. The drip irrigation treatment had significant effecting tuber yield of potato recorder 29,530, 27,630 and 24,880 kg/ha for 125%, 100% and 75% from pan A evapotranspiration, respectively. Humus fertilizers addition has the lowest value of ETa 309 mm and maximum value of yield 2,930 kg/ha. Water use efficiency （WUE） and irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） values increased with increasing humus fertilizers, recording 9.92, 14.52, 8.59, 12.42 and 7.51, 10.70 kg/m3 for potassium humate K3 （2.4 kg/ha）, K2 （1.2 kg/ha） and KI （0.0 kg/ha）, respectively. Plants irrigated with 125% from class pans A evaporation, produced a significant increase in N, P and K content in tubers recorder 0.96%, 0.58% and 1.52%, respectively. Potassium humus-fertilizer significant differences among K1, K2 and K3 on high of plants reached 41.52, 50.08 and 56.39 cm, respectively, number of stems/plant 2.69, 3.22 and 3.78, respectively, leaves area index recorder 2.80, 3.35 and 3.73.
