AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP...AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and to explore the mechanisms involved in transarterial embolization (TAE)-induced metastasis of liver cancer preliminarily. METHODS: Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was transplanted into rat liver to establish the liver cancer model. Hepatic arterial ligation (HAL) was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply and simulate TAE. Blood perfusion of tumor in control, laparotomy control, and HAL group was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 labeling assay, the serum VEGF level was assayed by ELISA, the expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Two days after HAL, the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells which represent the blood perfusion of tumor directly and hypoxia of tumor indirectly in HAL group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (329+/-29 vs 384+/-19, P【0.01). The serum VEGF level in the HAL group increased significantly as against that of the control group (93 ng.L(-1)+/-44 ng.L(-1) vs 55 ng.L(-1)+/-19 ng.L(-1), P【0.05). The expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA in the tumor tissue of the HAL group increased significantly compared with that of the control and the laparotomy control groups (P【0.05). The blood perfusion data of the tumor, represented by the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells, showed a good linear inverse correlation with the serum VEGF level (r=-0.606, P【0.05) and the expression of VEGF mRNA in the tumor tissue ( r =-0.338, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Blockage of hepatic arterial blood supply results in decreased blood perfusion and increased expression of metastasis-associated genes VEGF and MMP-1 of transplanted liver cancer in rats. Decreased blood perfusion and hypoxia may be the major cause of up-regulated expression of VEGF.展开更多
[Objective] The study is aimed to timely grasp the growth and develop- ment process of summer maize and comprehensively evaluate the impact of envi- ronmental factors on the growth and development of maize in north Hu...[Objective] The study is aimed to timely grasp the growth and develop- ment process of summer maize and comprehensively evaluate the impact of envi- ronmental factors on the growth and development of maize in north Huanguaihai re- gion. [Method] The phenophase, leaf unfolding rate, grain filling rate and yield char- acteristics of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 were analyzed at N 37°53′, E115°42′. [Result] The summer corn Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu335 emerged in 6 days after sowing with the growing period of 111 d, grain-filling stage lasting 66 days, and the leaf unfolding rate and grain filling rate were accelerated with the increase of tem- perature. In the last 6 d before harvest （October 5-11）, Zhengdan 958 and Xi- anyu335 contributed to the yield by 6.61% and 4.20%, respectively. The two crops a year cropping system made it hard for the summer maize to achieve maturing harvest in north Huanghuaihai region. [Conclusion] The maize production could be significantly improved through selecting early maturing varieties, early sowing, timely late harvest, ensuring maize effective accumulated temperature and sufficient grout- ing time after pollination.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how arterial infusion chemotherapy after radical surgery influences long-term surviva if patients with pathologic T3 （pT3） esophageal squamous carcinoma. METHODS We divided 190 patients with pa...OBJECTIVE To evaluate how arterial infusion chemotherapy after radical surgery influences long-term surviva if patients with pathologic T3 （pT3） esophageal squamous carcinoma. METHODS We divided 190 patients with pathologic PT3 esophageal squamous carcinoma, confirmed by consecutive radical surgery, into an experimental group （surgery ＋ intra-arterial infusion, 56 T3N0M0 and 52 T3N1M0 cases）, and the remaining patients into a control group （surgery alone, 48 T3N0M0 and 34 T3N1M0 cases）. The experimental group was sub-grouped into 56 cases （26 T3N0M0 and 30 T3N1M0 cases） receiving 1 or 2 periods of chemotherapy, while 52 cases （30 T3N0M0 and 22 T3N0M0 cases） underwent 3 or more than 3 periods of chemotherapy. We used one to seven courses of selected arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin （80 mg/m2 of body-surface area） and fluorouracil （800 mg/m2） with or without epirubicin at 3-4 weeks post operation. The interval between each period was 3-4 weeks. All cases were followed-up for more than 5 years. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier methods and survival differences between patients with and without selected arterial infusion chemotherapy were compared with the Log-rank test. Prognostic variables were entered into a Cox regression analysis model controlling for age, site, lymph node status, and treatment received. RESULTS The overall survival rates were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group, but there was better survival for patients who received 3 or more than 3 courses of chemotherapy. Lymph node status （N） was an important factor in the prognosis. CONCLUSION Trans-catheter arterial infusion chemotherapy is a safe and effective method of therapy. Postoperative selective arterial infusion chemotherapy can improve the survival rate in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma who were previously treated by radical surgery. However, this modality of therapy needs further investigation.展开更多
Aims Understanding the regional pattern of leaf stoichiometry and its contributing variables are of importance for predicting plant responses to global change and modelling the productivity and nutrient fluxes of ecos...Aims Understanding the regional pattern of leaf stoichiometry and its contributing variables are of importance for predicting plant responses to global change and modelling the productivity and nutrient fluxes of ecosystems.In this study,we investigated leaf stoichiometry of plants that sampled from Hexi Corridor,a typical arid region in China,and tried to explore the contribution variables on leaf stoichiometry along the geographic,climatic,and soil gradients.Methods In August 2012,70 sites in Hexi Corridor were investigated.Plant leaves and soils from five equivalent plots within each site were sampled.C,N,and P contents of leaf and soil were measured.Important findings Compared with leaf N and P contents in regional and global scales,leaf N content in Hexi Corridor was close to them with the value of 20.19 mg g^(-1),while leaf P content was lower than them with the value of 1.34 mg g^(-1).Overall,leaf N:P value in Hexi Corridor was 15.70.Individually,leaf N:P values of shrubs and herbs were 16.81 and 14.80,respectively.Scaling exponents for leaf N vs.P of overall and shrubs in Hexi Corridor were 1.29,higher than the scaling exponent of herbs(1.08).Leaf stoichiometry of shrubs and herbs did not show significant latitudinal and longitudinal patterns,meanwhile,it has no significant correlation with mean annual precipitation(MAP),mean annual temperature(MAT),and soil elements.However,only leaf stoichiometry of herbs has significant correlation with altitude and aridity degree.These results indicate that plants in Hexi Corridor are possibly co-limited by N and P,while shrubs are mainly limited by soil P and herbs are limited by soil N.Scaling relationship reveals that leaf N vs.P of herbs is isometric.With increasing altitude,the quadratic regression for leaf C and N contents and the linear regression for leaf P content of herbs reflect the difference responses of the three elements on the variation of MAT along the altitude and it could be explained by plant physiology hypothesis and biogeochemical hypotheses.With decreasing aridity,leaf N and N:P of herbs increased significantly,inferring that herbs growth would be limited by P increasingly and strengthening the increasing nitrogen availability with increasing precipitation.In conclusion,different altitude and aridity patterns for leaf stoichiometry of herbs and shrubs reveal the plastic survive strategies of different xerophytes in Hexi Corridor.Moreover,leaf stoichiometry of herbs in Hexi Corridor could be as indicator of the changing environment that caused by aridity.展开更多
Objective To explore protective effects of electroacupuncture at ＂Nèiguān＂ （内关 PC 6） for preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） and the mechanisms involved. Methods Forty-eight ...Objective To explore protective effects of electroacupuncture at ＂Nèiguān＂ （内关 PC 6） for preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） and the mechanisms involved. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （Group N）, a MIRI group （Group M） and an electroacupuncture （EA） group （Group E）. The MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery （LAD） for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Partition sutures were passed under LAD without ligation for rats in Group N. Rats in Group E were pretreated with electroacupuncture （EA） applied at bilateral ＂Nèiguān＂ （内关 PC 6） for 20 min once a day for 3 consecutive days before ischemia. The infarct size plus the area at risk was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and serum isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were measured by biochemical methods. Myocardium morphological changes were observed under light microscopy. The mRNA expressions of myocardial δ and κ opioid receptors （DOR and KOR） were tested by real-time RT-PCR measurements. Results The myocardial infarct size in Group E was more significantly decreased than that in Group M （P0.05）. The levels of CK-MB [（980？±？92） U/L] and LDH [（2743？±？124） U/L] in Group M were significantly higher than those in Group N [（312？±？41） U/L] and [（530？±？56） U/L], respectively （both P0.01）. The levels of CK-MB [（572？±？70） U/L] and LDH [（1819？±？97） U/L] in Group E were significantly lower than those in Group M （both P0.01）. There were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of DOR and KOR between Group M and Group N （both P0.05）, but DOR expression in Group E was significantly higher than that either in Group M or in Group N （both P0.01 ）. No significant differences were found in KOR expression among the three groups （all P0.05）. Conclusion Up-regulation of expression of δ opioid receptors may be involved in protective effects of EA at Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） for preconditioning on MIRI.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Municipality,No.004119086
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion of transplanted cancer in rat liver and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and to explore the mechanisms involved in transarterial embolization (TAE)-induced metastasis of liver cancer preliminarily. METHODS: Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was transplanted into rat liver to establish the liver cancer model. Hepatic arterial ligation (HAL) was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply and simulate TAE. Blood perfusion of tumor in control, laparotomy control, and HAL group was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 labeling assay, the serum VEGF level was assayed by ELISA, the expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Two days after HAL, the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells which represent the blood perfusion of tumor directly and hypoxia of tumor indirectly in HAL group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (329+/-29 vs 384+/-19, P【0.01). The serum VEGF level in the HAL group increased significantly as against that of the control group (93 ng.L(-1)+/-44 ng.L(-1) vs 55 ng.L(-1)+/-19 ng.L(-1), P【0.05). The expression of VEGF and MMP-1 mRNA in the tumor tissue of the HAL group increased significantly compared with that of the control and the laparotomy control groups (P【0.05). The blood perfusion data of the tumor, represented by the number of Hoechst 33342 labeled cells, showed a good linear inverse correlation with the serum VEGF level (r=-0.606, P【0.05) and the expression of VEGF mRNA in the tumor tissue ( r =-0.338, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Blockage of hepatic arterial blood supply results in decreased blood perfusion and increased expression of metastasis-associated genes VEGF and MMP-1 of transplanted liver cancer in rats. Decreased blood perfusion and hypoxia may be the major cause of up-regulated expression of VEGF.
基金Supported by the Foundation of China Agricultural Research System for Maize Industry(CARS-02-48)~~
文摘[Objective] The study is aimed to timely grasp the growth and develop- ment process of summer maize and comprehensively evaluate the impact of envi- ronmental factors on the growth and development of maize in north Huanguaihai re- gion. [Method] The phenophase, leaf unfolding rate, grain filling rate and yield char- acteristics of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 were analyzed at N 37°53′, E115°42′. [Result] The summer corn Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu335 emerged in 6 days after sowing with the growing period of 111 d, grain-filling stage lasting 66 days, and the leaf unfolding rate and grain filling rate were accelerated with the increase of tem- perature. In the last 6 d before harvest （October 5-11）, Zhengdan 958 and Xi- anyu335 contributed to the yield by 6.61% and 4.20%, respectively. The two crops a year cropping system made it hard for the summer maize to achieve maturing harvest in north Huanghuaihai region. [Conclusion] The maize production could be significantly improved through selecting early maturing varieties, early sowing, timely late harvest, ensuring maize effective accumulated temperature and sufficient grout- ing time after pollination.
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate how arterial infusion chemotherapy after radical surgery influences long-term surviva if patients with pathologic T3 （pT3） esophageal squamous carcinoma. METHODS We divided 190 patients with pathologic PT3 esophageal squamous carcinoma, confirmed by consecutive radical surgery, into an experimental group （surgery ＋ intra-arterial infusion, 56 T3N0M0 and 52 T3N1M0 cases）, and the remaining patients into a control group （surgery alone, 48 T3N0M0 and 34 T3N1M0 cases）. The experimental group was sub-grouped into 56 cases （26 T3N0M0 and 30 T3N1M0 cases） receiving 1 or 2 periods of chemotherapy, while 52 cases （30 T3N0M0 and 22 T3N0M0 cases） underwent 3 or more than 3 periods of chemotherapy. We used one to seven courses of selected arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin （80 mg/m2 of body-surface area） and fluorouracil （800 mg/m2） with or without epirubicin at 3-4 weeks post operation. The interval between each period was 3-4 weeks. All cases were followed-up for more than 5 years. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier methods and survival differences between patients with and without selected arterial infusion chemotherapy were compared with the Log-rank test. Prognostic variables were entered into a Cox regression analysis model controlling for age, site, lymph node status, and treatment received. RESULTS The overall survival rates were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group, but there was better survival for patients who received 3 or more than 3 courses of chemotherapy. Lymph node status （N） was an important factor in the prognosis. CONCLUSION Trans-catheter arterial infusion chemotherapy is a safe and effective method of therapy. Postoperative selective arterial infusion chemotherapy can improve the survival rate in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma who were previously treated by radical surgery. However, this modality of therapy needs further investigation.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0504304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801086).
文摘Aims Understanding the regional pattern of leaf stoichiometry and its contributing variables are of importance for predicting plant responses to global change and modelling the productivity and nutrient fluxes of ecosystems.In this study,we investigated leaf stoichiometry of plants that sampled from Hexi Corridor,a typical arid region in China,and tried to explore the contribution variables on leaf stoichiometry along the geographic,climatic,and soil gradients.Methods In August 2012,70 sites in Hexi Corridor were investigated.Plant leaves and soils from five equivalent plots within each site were sampled.C,N,and P contents of leaf and soil were measured.Important findings Compared with leaf N and P contents in regional and global scales,leaf N content in Hexi Corridor was close to them with the value of 20.19 mg g^(-1),while leaf P content was lower than them with the value of 1.34 mg g^(-1).Overall,leaf N:P value in Hexi Corridor was 15.70.Individually,leaf N:P values of shrubs and herbs were 16.81 and 14.80,respectively.Scaling exponents for leaf N vs.P of overall and shrubs in Hexi Corridor were 1.29,higher than the scaling exponent of herbs(1.08).Leaf stoichiometry of shrubs and herbs did not show significant latitudinal and longitudinal patterns,meanwhile,it has no significant correlation with mean annual precipitation(MAP),mean annual temperature(MAT),and soil elements.However,only leaf stoichiometry of herbs has significant correlation with altitude and aridity degree.These results indicate that plants in Hexi Corridor are possibly co-limited by N and P,while shrubs are mainly limited by soil P and herbs are limited by soil N.Scaling relationship reveals that leaf N vs.P of herbs is isometric.With increasing altitude,the quadratic regression for leaf C and N contents and the linear regression for leaf P content of herbs reflect the difference responses of the three elements on the variation of MAT along the altitude and it could be explained by plant physiology hypothesis and biogeochemical hypotheses.With decreasing aridity,leaf N and N:P of herbs increased significantly,inferring that herbs growth would be limited by P increasingly and strengthening the increasing nitrogen availability with increasing precipitation.In conclusion,different altitude and aridity patterns for leaf stoichiometry of herbs and shrubs reveal the plastic survive strategies of different xerophytes in Hexi Corridor.Moreover,leaf stoichiometry of herbs in Hexi Corridor could be as indicator of the changing environment that caused by aridity.
基金Supported by Guangdong TCM Bureau Project: 2008115
文摘Objective To explore protective effects of electroacupuncture at ＂Nèiguān＂ （内关 PC 6） for preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） and the mechanisms involved. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （Group N）, a MIRI group （Group M） and an electroacupuncture （EA） group （Group E）. The MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery （LAD） for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Partition sutures were passed under LAD without ligation for rats in Group N. Rats in Group E were pretreated with electroacupuncture （EA） applied at bilateral ＂Nèiguān＂ （内关 PC 6） for 20 min once a day for 3 consecutive days before ischemia. The infarct size plus the area at risk was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and serum isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were measured by biochemical methods. Myocardium morphological changes were observed under light microscopy. The mRNA expressions of myocardial δ and κ opioid receptors （DOR and KOR） were tested by real-time RT-PCR measurements. Results The myocardial infarct size in Group E was more significantly decreased than that in Group M （P0.05）. The levels of CK-MB [（980？±？92） U/L] and LDH [（2743？±？124） U/L] in Group M were significantly higher than those in Group N [（312？±？41） U/L] and [（530？±？56） U/L], respectively （both P0.01）. The levels of CK-MB [（572？±？70） U/L] and LDH [（1819？±？97） U/L] in Group E were significantly lower than those in Group M （both P0.01）. There were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of DOR and KOR between Group M and Group N （both P0.05）, but DOR expression in Group E was significantly higher than that either in Group M or in Group N （both P0.01 ）. No significant differences were found in KOR expression among the three groups （all P0.05）. Conclusion Up-regulation of expression of δ opioid receptors may be involved in protective effects of EA at Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） for preconditioning on MIRI.
