粪便及肺泡灌洗液检出粪类圆线虫一例

我科于2013年9月从一慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的粪便和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中检出粪类圆线虫,兹作报告。1病例资料1.1病历资料患者,男,74岁,于2013年5月无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳痰伴活动后气短3月,加重伴发热、咯血10余天,体温最高达38.9℃至当地医院就诊,痰培养示白色假丝酵母菌感染,经抗真菌治疗后仍间断痰中带血,为进一步诊治,于2013年8月30日转入上海长海医院。入院查体:体温36.2℃,脉搏92次/分,呼吸19次/分,血压126/70mmHg。轻度贫血貌,全身皮肤黏膜无黄染、皮疹及出血点,全身浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,头颅无畸形、压痛、包块,口唇轻度紫绀。气管居中,桶状胸,胸骨无压痛,双侧呼吸动度未见异常,语颤减弱,双肺叩诊呈过清音,双肺呼吸音低,未闻及干、湿啰音。

新疆米泉的灌淤亚类水耕人为土

新疆米泉地区起源于原灰漠土或灌耕土的水稻土，成土过程中水耕熟化和灌淤、淋溶与淀积并行，形成独特的灌淤－水耕表层（耕作层＋犁底层）和灌淤－水耕氧化还原层，总厚度＞５０ｃｍ．基于研究，将供试土壤划分为铁聚水耕人为土和铁渗水耕人为土两个土类，并建议在水耕人为土系统分类中增设灌淤亚类。

对液体灌装类设备CIP所需考虑问题的探讨

以从工艺、相关法规与文献角度谈CIP要求为切入点,分析了几个清洁的相关问题,同时从结构与参数设计上阐述了CIP,对液体灌装类设备CIP所需考虑的问题进行了探讨。

污水净化湿地模拟系统中细菌和藻类的生态分布研究

以湿地土壤－微生物模拟系统为基础，研究了细菌和藻类在不同处理单元中的生态分布和种类变化。随着系统中微生物的净化作用，污水中污染物浓度下降，污染负荷降低，细菌和藻类的种类和数量也发生相应的变化。系统中，藻类种类由耐污种类向喜清种类过渡，显示了藻类是良好的水质评价和监测的指示生物。细菌总量降低，第４单元中的细菌总量比第１单元要低２个数量级。Ｍａｒｇａｌｅｆ多样性指数逐渐升高，第１单元为０．３８，第２单元为０．６０，第３单元为０．６９，第４单元为０．８７。系统中的反硝化率在第２单元处最高，在第４单元处最低，垂直分布以２ｃｍ深度处最高。

采用热解技术将湖泊浮游藻类用于燃料生产

湖泊的富营养化问题已成为中国湖泊环境保护中最严重的问题之一。回收利用富营养化湖泊中的浮游藻类是减轻水体中氮、磷等营养负荷 ,治理湖泊环境污染的一项重要措施。通过热解技术可将藻类转化成焦炭、生物油和合成气等多种燃料形式 ,因而是回收利用湖泊浮游藻类的一个理想途径。同木质 -纤维素类生物质相比 ,藻类作热解原料具有易预处理、易热解、易获得高产等优点 ,可以为社会提供大量优质的燃料。

南麂列岛附近海域浮游动物的分布及其与浮游藻类和营养盐的关系

本文描述了南麂列岛附近海域浮游动物的分布及其与浮游藻类和营养盐之间的关系。结果显示：浮游动物丰度与浮游藻类细胞总密度和硅藻细胞密度有正相关性，与硅酸盐和硝酸盐的浓度有负相关性。

辽河流域浮游藻类监测技术发展探析

辽河流域是我国七大流域之一,是国家重点治理的“三河三湖”之一。近年来,辽宁省加大了辽河流域治理和生态恢复的工作力度,取得了较好的效果,辽河流域水质得到了明显改善。本文简要综述了辽河流域浮游藻类监测的基本情况及目前面临的问题,并提出了发展方向。

河南暖性灌草丛类分类研究

利用遥感地理信息技术预判草地类、布设样地,结合野外实地调查,对样地样方内植物进行鉴别,测量植被覆盖度、高度、产草量等信息,从而对河南暖性灌草丛类进行分型研究。结果显示,河南暖性灌草丛类是河南天然草地中分布最广、面积最大的草地,共可划分为11个草地型。对这11个草地型的资源状况、利用状况、生态状况进行了调查分析。

腹泻性贝毒及其高效液相色谱检测方法

本文对赤潮中某些藻类所产生的腹泻性贝毒（ＤＳＰ）的来源、特性、化学结构以及对人体的危害及其测定方法进行了介绍。重点叙述了目前国际上迅速发展的高效液相色谱法测定ＤＳＰ的优点与其它测定方法的对比，并对我国ＤＳＰ发生的现状和检测标准作了概述。

Effects of Crops, Soil Types and Irrigation Methods on Digestion Capacity of Biogas Slurry

In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet sorghum and Chinese cabbage were planted in purple soils, the quantities of digested biogas slurry were of 57, 157.5, and 34.5 t/hm2, respectively, while the quantities of digested biogas slurry were 70.5, 157.5 and 40.5 t/hm2 in yellow soils. Besides, the digested biogas slurries reached 36 and 27 t/hm2 as per flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation when Chinese cabbages were planted in yellow soils. The research indicated crop variety, soil type, and irrigation method all have effects on farmland digestion of biogas slurry.

Active changes of lignification-related enzymes in pepper response to Glomus intraradices and/or Phytophthora capsici

The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect of G. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices and then infected with P. capsici (Gi+Pc), (3) plants infected with P. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal coloni-zation rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection of P. capsici was com-pletely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonistic G. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major POD isozymes (45 000, 53 000 and 114 000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53 000 and 114 000) and one minor band (45 000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45 000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed by G. intraradices, suggesting that the 45 000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonistic G. intraradices. A 60 000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the inoculation of antagonistic G. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activates changes of lignification-related enzymes and induces some of the isozymes in pepper plants infected by P. capsici. The results suggested that G. intraradices is a potentially effective protection agent against P. capsici.

Carbon Sequestration in Forest Vegetation of Beijing at Sublot Level

Based on forest inventory data (FID) at sublot level,we estimated the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation of Beijing,China in 2009.In this study,the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation at sublot level was calculated based on net biomass production (ΔB) which was estimated with biomass of each sublot and function relationships between ΔB and biomass.The biomass of forested land was calculated with biomass expansion factors (BEFs) method,while those of shrub land and other forest land types were estimated with biomass,coverage and height of referred shrubs and shrub coverage and height of each sublot.As one of special forested land types,the biomass of economic tree land was calculated with biomass per tree and tree number.The variation of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation with altitude,species and stand age was also investigated in this study.The results indicate that the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation in Beijing is 4.12 × 106 tC/yr,with the average rate of 3.94 tC/(ha·yr).About 56.91% of the total carbon sequestration in forest vegetation is supported by the forest in the plain with an altitude of < 60 m and the low mountainous areas with an altitude from 400 m to 800 m.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation is the highest in the plain area with an altitude of < 60 m and decreased significantly in the transitional area from the low plain to the low mountainous area with an altitude ranging from 200 m to 400 m due to intensive human disturbance.The carbon sequestration of Populus spp.forest and Quercus spp.forest are relatively higher than those of other plant species,accounting for 25.33% of the total.The carbon sequestration in vegetation by the forest of < 40 years amounts to 45.38% of the total.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation peaks at the stand age of 30–40 years.Therefore,it would be crucial for enhancing the capability of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation to protect the forest in Beijing,to limit human disturbance in the transitional area from the plain to the low mountain area,and to foster the newly established open forest.

聚氨酯类灌缝材料的特性及在施工中的应用

结合施工实际，本文较系统地介绍了聚氨酯类灌缝材料的主要技术性能指标和施工方法，供同仁们参考。

Permeability in Flysch-Distribution Decrease with Depth and Grout Curtains Under Dams

A considerable number of in situ permeability tests in flysch are processed to a depth of 120m with a good spatial distribution. The distribution of permeability values for the different litho-types of this formation, their comparison and their decrease with depth is discussed. The depth where a permeability of 3 to 5×10-7m/sec can be retained (the limit of a reasonable grouting under a high dam) may be twofold if the geological history of the formation could not contain a compressional tectonic process. This depth may reach 100m in some cases. The differences in the mean values of permeability among the various litho-types are minor, while the presence of siltstones, always present although with varied participation, dramatically controls the global permeability.

Probabilistic Classification of Tree and Shrub Vegetation on Phytogeographic System

The phytogeographical system for vegetation classification splits the vegetation in first level types： forest and grasslands. The forest type can be recognized in tropical rain forest and seasonal depending on the environmental conditions. This determines the occurrence of deciduous species in big or small quantity. And the grasslands are Savannah in majority. This work proposed probabilistic methods to classify these vegetation types based on priori occurrence of species. The test was carded out with forest inventory data using ten vegetation fragments in farm of Embrapa and Cascata＇s park in Sete Lagoas city, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The distribution of species with occurrence in different types was adapted to set theory and Bayes theorem. In this way, it is possible to calculate belonging of species on vegetation types. The results were compared with usual classification. The main contribution of probabilistic methods was to increase the information to classify tree and shrub vegetation inventoried. It is especially recommended for transition regions between vegetation types.

发展氢能的几条途径

氢是一种高效、洁净的能源,其制取途径包括有机废弃物制氢、利用微型藻类持续大量产氢、源于植物原料制氢和新型光催化制氢。以有机废水为原料厌氧活性污泥发酵制氢的产氢能力达到每天5.7m^3/m^3;生活垃圾厌氧发酵制氢的产氢效率为49ml/kg,有望实现规模生产。目前海藻培养液的产氢效率为3ml/L,产量较低。用植物源葡萄糖为原料,在贵金属催化剂存在下可制氢,但距实用化的目标还有较远距离。以铟钽化合物为光催化剂,利用可见光可将水分解为氢和氧。

陀螺接线柱加工工艺方法研究

以陀螺接线柱的加工为研究对象,通过分析现有加工中的难点、问题和加工工艺流程,重点研究了车加工问题机理和表面处理后出现空腔问题的机理,分析出接线柱组件合格率偏低的主要原因。并在此基础上,提出优化的加工工艺方法,以此降低陀螺接线柱的缺陷率。

Predicting plant traits and functional types response to grazing in an alpine shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The identification of easily measured plant functional types (PFTs) that consistently predict grazing response would be a major advance.The responses to grazing of individual traits and PFTs were analyzed along a grazing gradient in an alpine shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Three response types were identified;grazing increaser (GI),grazing decreaser (GD),and neutral (NE) for both traits and PFTs.Seven traits were measured:plant height,economic group,cotyledon type,plant inclination,growth form,life cycle,and vegetative structure.The first five were significantly affected by grazing.Ordinal regressions for grazing response of the seven traits showed that the best single predictors of response were growth form (including the attributes "Scattered","Bunched" or "Closely Bunched"),and plant inclination ("Rosette","Prostrate",or "Erect"),followed by economic group ("Shrub","Grass","Sedge","Legume","Forb",or "Harmful") and plant height ("Tall","Medium",or "Small").Within the four optimal traits,the summed dominance ratio (SDR) of small plants,forbs,rosette and bunched plants,invariably increased,while that of tall plants,shrubs,grasses,and erect plants decreased,when grazing pressure was enhanced.Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified eleven explanatory PFTs based on 195 defined PFTs,by combining the different attributes of the four optimal traits.Among explanatory PFTs,the most valuable in predicting the community response to grazing were Tall×Shrub×Erect×Scattered and Small×Forb×Rosette,as these have the closest connections with grazing disturbance and include fewer species.Species richness,diversity,and community evenness,did not differ among grazing treatments because turnover occurred in component species and their relative abundances along the grazing gradient.We have demonstrated that a minimum set of PFTs resulting from optimal individual traits can provide consistent prediction of community responses to grazing in this region.This approach provides a more accurate indicator of change within a changing environment than do univariate measures of species diversity.We hope to provide a link between management practices and vegetation structure,forming a basis for future,large scale,plant trait comparisons.

Hypertonic saline solution resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock dogs

Objective: To find out the optimal concentration, infusion rate and dosage of saline for resuscitation.Methods: Forty five dogs were used to establish hypovolemic shock models. The dogs were resuscitated with saline of different concentrations and different dosages under different infusion rates, and the resuscitation results were compared. Results: The best concentration was 7.5 %, the best rate of infusion 20 ml/min (a volume equivalent to 15% of the shed blood) and the best dosage 5.71 ml/kg. The method was effective for resuscitation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) could be elevated to 89% of the baseline, and this MAP could be kept for more than one hour. Conclusions: Using 7.5 % sodium chloride solution equivalent to 15% of the shed blood at an infusion rate of 20 ml/min can achieve a best resuscitation result.