“Y”型防灌风被子

提出了一种“Y”型被子的结构，它主要由固定部分和活动部分组成，结构独特，解决了双人睡觉时的容易灌风的不足，主要针对与他人合睡时有灌风困扰、提倡“分睡不分床”新概念、有多年单睡习惯等不适应双人合睡的人群。“Y”型被子不仅有“Y”型的结构，打破传统被子方形固定的特点，而且可根据不同需要确定上半部分的宽度，并且双人分睡时不增加被子的厚度，不会造成因被子加重而难以翻身的情况，更加符合个性化、多样化的市场需求。

生物炭对灌耕风沙土土壤性质及玉米产量的影响

针对灌耕风沙土养分贫瘠,保水保肥性能差等突出问题,采用田间微区定位试验,研究不同施用量生物炭对灌耕风沙土土壤性质及玉米产量的影响。试验设置5个处理:(1)不施炭(CK);(2) 22.5 t·hm-2生物炭(1%BC);(3) 67.5 t·hm-2生物炭(3%BC);(4) 112.5 t·hm-2生物炭(5%BC);(5) 225.0 t·hm-2生物炭(10%BC)。五年定位试验结果表明:与对照相比,施用生物炭能显著降低灌耕风沙土土壤容重降低了2.8%～12.6%;生物炭施用显著增加灌耕风沙土土壤全氮、有机质、速效钾及阳离子代换量含量,分别增加了7.9%～28.6%、47.2%～148.3%、8.9%～29.6%、6.7～19.8%;生物炭施用玉米产量提高了10.2%～42.1%。研究表明,施用生物炭能有效改善灌耕风沙土的土壤质地和养分状况,提高灌耕风沙土土壤肥力,增加作物产量。

生物炭一次性施入对灌耕风沙土土壤性质及玉米产量的影响

以新疆主要低产土壤灌耕风沙土为研究对象,通过2015—2018年的田间定位试验,研究了生物炭不同添加量(0、22.5、67.5、112.5、225.0 t·hm^(-2))对土壤性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:生物炭于2011年一次性施入后,可明显降低土壤的容重,与初始土壤容重1.48 g·cm^(-3)相比,8 a后土壤容重降低至1.18~1.24 g·cm^(-3);施用生物炭后可以明显增加土壤中全氮、有机质及速效钾的含量,对土壤碱解氮的含量影响不明显,与对照相比,8 a后全氮、有机质及速效钾含量分别增加了14.42%~49.43%、22.02%~74.25%、1.27%~18.64%;随着定位试验的延续,一次性施用生物炭6 a后,土壤增碳、钾效应达到最大,随后逐年减弱,67.5 t·hm^(-2)的生物炭施用量最适宜;施用生物炭可以明显提高玉米产量,提高了9.4%~35.5%。

施用小麦秸秆炭对灌耕风沙土土壤养分含量及玉米产量的影响

【目的】研究生物炭对灌耕风沙土改良效果。【方法】以灌耕风沙土为供试土壤,小麦秸秆炭为供试材料,采用田间定位试验,设置4个处理,分别为(1)不施炭(CK);(2)67.5t/hm2生物炭;(3)112.5t/hm2生物炭;(4)225.0t/hm2生物炭。玉米生长后期测定产量,采集土壤分析相关养分指标。【结果】0~20cm和20~40cm土层,与对照相比,施用小麦秸秆炭对灌耕风沙土土壤pH值影响不明显。与对照相比,施用小麦秸秆炭能够显著增加灌耕风沙土土壤全氮、有机质、速效氮及速效钾含量,在0~20cm土层分别增加了14.5%~29.6%,、48.9%~89.5%、28.7%~93.5%、6.9%~31.3%。在20~40cm土层分别增加了38.1%~56.0%、24.9%~40.1%、30.8%~68.1%、15.6%~45.2%。施用小麦秸秆炭处理能够明显增加玉米产量,增产了28.7%~49.2%。【结论】施用小麦秸秆炭能够提高灌耕风沙土的土壤肥力,增加作物产量。

生物炭输入对灌耕风沙土团聚体及养分含量的影响

以灌耕风沙土为供试土壤,采用田间微区定位试验,研究了生物炭不同输入量对土壤团聚体及养分含量的影响。试验以不施生物炭为对照(CK),设3个生物炭用量处理:67.5 t/hm^2(3%BC)、112.5 t/hm^2(5%BC)、225.0 t/hm^2(10%BC)。6年定位试验结果表明,灌耕风沙土施入生物炭对>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体影响不明显,不利于0.053～0.25 mm粒级团聚体的形成,可促进<0.053 mm粒级团聚体含量的增加。与对照相比,灌耕风沙土施入生物炭可显著增加土壤有机质、全氮、CEC及速效钾的含量,其中以高量生物炭处理(10%BC)增加最多,分别增加了93.0%、25.4%、22.3%、14.1%;灌耕风沙土施入生物炭对土壤速效氮、速效磷含量影响不明显。综之,施用生物炭对灌耕风沙土的团聚体形成影响不明显,能有效改善灌耕风沙土的土壤养分状况,提高灌耕风沙土土壤肥力。

施用生物质炭10年后对灌耕风沙土物理性质的影响

针对灌耕风沙土存在的土壤贫瘠、保水保肥能力差等问题,采用长期田间定位试验,研究施用生物质炭10年后灌耕风沙土土壤物理性质的变化,探究生物质炭土壤改良的长期效果。试验通过设置空白对照(CK)、22.5 t·hm^(-2)农家肥(牛粪,1%MA)、22.5 t·hm^(-2)腐殖酸(1%FA)和4个梯度的生物质炭(22.5,67.5,112.5,222.5 t·hm^(-2);1%,3%,5%,10%BC),对照比较10年后的土壤物理性质。研究结果表明:与CK相比,施用生物质炭10年后,对灌耕风沙土0~20 cm土层的土壤比重、0~10 cm土层的土壤容重无影响。10%BC处理可以显著降低10~20 cm土层土壤容重6.68%,显著增加10~20 cm土层的土壤含水量、饱和含水量、田间持水量、相对含水量,分别为27.31%,18.60%,15.50%,10.14%;10%BC处理对0~10 cm土层土壤含水量、饱和含水量、田间持水量、相对含水量无显著影响。生物质炭对灌耕风沙土0~20 cm土层水稳性团聚体形成无影响。综上,高施用量的生物质炭在10年后仍能显著改良灌耕风沙土10~20 cm土层的土壤理化性质。

高层建筑楼梯井直灌式送风加压研究

对直接向楼梯井内送风加压取代《高规》中规定的通过专用送风井向楼梯井内送风加压的可行性,在北京、上海、太原、都江堰等地的实际高层建筑中进行了试验验证,并在实测数据基础上进行了理论计算和CFD模拟分析,并分析了其经济性。结果表明,采用直灌式送风加压不仅可以满足《高规》中对压力值的要求,而且使楼梯井内上下压力更加均匀;同时也增加了使用面积,降低了工程造价。

浅谈高层建筑防烟楼梯间直灌式送风形式

通过具体的实验个例来比较说明直灌式送风防烟形式的优势。

GM1 stabilizes expression of NMDA receptor subunit 1 in the ischemic hemisphere of MCAo/reperfusion rat

Objective: To determine the protective effect of monosialoganglionside (GM1) and evaluate the influence of GM1 on expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with focal cerebral ische- mia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods: Left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded by an intraluminal suture for 1 h and the brain was reperfused for 72 h in SD rats when infarct volume was measured, GM1 (10 mg/kg) was given ip (intraperitoneally) at 5 min (group A), 1 h (group B) and 2 h (group C) after MCA occlusion (MCAo). Expression of NMDAR1 was detected by Western blot at various time after reperfusion (4 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h) in ischemic hemispheres of the rats with or without GM1 admin- istered. Results: (1) Adjusted relative infarct volumes of groups A and B were significantly smaller than that of group C and the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). (2) Expression level of NMDAR1 was temporally high at 6 h after reperfusion, and dipped below the normal level at 72 h after reperfusion. GM1 at 5 min after MCAo significantly suppressed the expression of NMDAR1 at 6 h after reperfusion (P<0.05 vs the control). At 72 h after reperfusion, the NMDAR1 expression level of rats treated with GM1 administered (at 5 min or 2 h after MCAo) was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: GM1 can time-dependently reduce infarct volume in rats with focal cerebral I/R partly through stabilizing the expression of NMDAR1.

Protective effects of apocynin and allopurinol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice

AIM: To determine the effects of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, and apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, on oxidant stress and liver injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) procedure in mice. METHODS: Mice were pretreated with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, or NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, apocynin before the hepatic I/R procedure. Then treated or untreated mice underwent the hepatic I/R procedure. The effects on hepatic injury and superoxide anions were determined after starting reperfusion. RESULTS: A standard warm hepatic I/R procedure led to a marked increase in superoxide anion production as indicated by a superoxide anion tracer, MCLA. At the same time, the procedure caused profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, reduced liver glutathione levels and elevated malondialdehyde contents, as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All these changes were reversed by the use of apocynin or allopurinol prior to the hepatic I/R procedure. CONCLUSION: Allopurinol and apocynin exerted protective effects on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The protection is associated with blocking the generationof superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity.

Salinity Risk and Management in Tunisian Semi Arid Area

In semi arid and arid countries, the increase in production needs sometimes using brackish/saline water for irrigation. In Kairouan and Mahdia （Centre of Tunisia）, most of the irrigated areas are by pumping ground water from wells and in many cases, water has more than 4 g of salt per liter. To improve farmers＇ income through using efficiently brackish/saline and rare water, applied research programme was carried out. The methodology adopted was based on selection of six farmers＇ parcels. Behind water quality and quantity, soil salinity and crop response, the crop cost was studied： initial and final characterization and frequently controlled. Three different water regimes were observed induced three salinity regimes： an exclusively irrigated regime in summer based on using saline water producing continuous accumulation of salts, an irrigated-rained regime in autumn/spring based on alternated saline and fresh water inducing cyclic accumulation and leaching of salts and a rained regime in winter based on fresh water with continuous leaching of salts. At the short term, soil salinity increased under irrigation until equilibrium with the irrigation water quality and decreased by rain which produced an important salts leaching in a very short time. Many tons of salts were added to the initial stock in summer season and most of them are leached to the subsoil under irrigation and by rain in the winter. Salinization affected the deep layer and on the long term, salinization of the aquifer might occur. An important crop yield decrease for the summer crop was obtained but the socio-economic aspect appeared as an important factor conditioning the use of saline water.

The inter-annual variability of the Yellow Sea Warm Current surface axis and its influencing factors

Based on the Pathfinder sea surface temperature(PFSST),the surface axis and its pattern of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) are discussed.A structure of double-warm-tongue is found in February and it varies in different years.Two indexes are calculated to represent the westward shift(WSI) and northward extension(NEI) of the warm water in the Yellow Sea(YS).Wavelet analysis illustrates that the WSI and NEI have prominent periods of 3-6 years and 3-4 years,respectively.The Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) decomposition is applied to the winter wind stress curl and the Kuroshio Current(KC) transport,which are believed to play important roles in forcing the variability of the YSWC surface axis.Statistics shows that the WSI is significantly related with the second EOF mode of the wind stress curl in February,which may force the YSWC surface axis moving westward and maintaining the double warm tongues because of its opposite curl in the YSWC domain.The first EOF mode of wind stress curl in January is propitious for inducing the warm tongue in the YS to advance more northward.Hence,the wind stress curls both in January and in February could force variations of the YSWC surface axis;however,the effect of the January wind stress curl is relatively weaker than that of the February.The relationship between the NEI and the KC transport is remarkable,and it seems that the stronger KC supplies more power to push the YSWC northward against the southward wind.

Nitrogen Derivatives of Irrigation in Chihuahua＇s Parks with Wastewater Treatment Residuals

Since 2000 Chihuahua City has distribution system Waste Water Treatment （WTR）, watering city＇s green areas. The need to cover the growing demand for drinking water has encouraged the use of non-potable water where water quality is not an issue despite being used by 10 years ago, it is not known whether nitrogen compounds derived from WTR pose risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, in order to minimize health and environmental risks, this is needed to assess the impact and policy support for water use. The aim of this study is to determine the constitution and the concentration of nitrogen compounds through selection and characterization of park＇s representative. It＇s divided into physical properties and main parameters that affect nitrogen transformations. It was determined that sand was material that allowed more favorable oxidation and reduction of nitrate in soil and atmosphere, opposite of the clay, When used WTR, nitrates, nitrites and ammonia nitrogen were identified in the subsurface and NOx and N20 were identified in the atmosphere. When drinking water was used, none of these compounds was found. However, it was determined that despite having high concentrations of nitrates, the WTR was within the limits allowed by the Mexican standard for the use of WTR in public places.

Effects of electroacupuncture at Fengchi(GB20)on motor function and GFAP/NeuN expression around the ischemic tissue of the motor cortex in MCAO rats

Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to provide a scientific basis for future experimental research and clinical applications.Methods:Forty male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group,a normal with EA group,a model group,and a model with EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The normal group received no intervention.The normal with EA group received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).The model group underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the suture.The model with EA group underwent MCAO and received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).Cerebral blood flow was monitored using a laser Doppler cerebral blood flow meter.Neurologic damage was assessed using the neurologic deficit score,and motor ability was observed using the CatWalk gait system.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclei(NeuN)protein,the neuron markers,was detected by Western blotting.The protein expression levels of GFAP and NeuN,as well as the number of positive cells in the motor cortex,were detected using immunofluorescence.Results:Compared to the normal group,the cerebral blood flow values in the model group and the model with EA group decreased by more than 50%during the modeling process(P<0.01)and returned to pre-modeling levels after reperfusion(P>0.05).The neurologic deficit score increased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity decreased(P<0.05),GFAP protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.05),and the NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells decreased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared to the model group,the neurologic deficit score decreased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity accelerated(P<0.05),GFAP and NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.01)in the model with EA group.Conclusion:EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)can reduce neuronal loss and increase GFAP and NeuN protein expression in the motor cortex of rats after ischemia-reperfusion,improve the motor function after ischemic stroke,and accelerate the recovery of balance and stability of the affected limbs.

骨架(外一首)

路过村庄，除了停下来看风景我还看看农人们把穷山僻壤改造惊天动地的变革，有一种精神把石头榨出油，不用抱着炸药包上阵地了不用胸膛去堵敌人的机枪眼了但我们的祖国知道，

文山,早已新颖迭出

盘龙河水，把一枚普洱茶还原成春天的那一刻，文山再也没有了冬天，那条通往文山的路都被茶香氤氲成幸福的样子，风情开始在这里浓郁，土地开始布局所有草木站立成自信的样子，包括贴在土地上的三七。

Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Ability of Learning and Memory in Rats with Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Objective： To observe the effects of pretreatment and treatment with electroacupuncture on the ability of learning and memory in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to provide the research basis for preventing and treating the disorder of learning and memory in patients with apoplectic sequelae. Methods： Seventy-two SD rats, clean class, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, pretreatment group, and treatment group. The step-through latency and number of errors, nerve injury score, and the number of cholinoceptor in the affected hippocampus were recorded to analyze the effects of pretreatment and treatment with electroacupuncture on the ability of learning and memory in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results： 1） The rats with ischemia had various signs of nerve injury. Compared with that in the sham operation rats, the nerve injury score in the model rats was lower, the step-through latency and number of errors were increased, and the content of special mAchR was decreased （P〈0.05）; 2） Electroacupuncture could decrease the nerve injury score of the model rats. Compared with those in the model group, the step-through latency and number of errors all had significant difference in the pretreatment and treatment groups （P〈0.05）; 3） Compared with that in the model group, the content of mAchR was increased in the pretreatment group （P〈0.05）, and increased a little in the treatment group. Conclusion： Pretreatment and treatment with electroacupuncture can prolong step-through latency, and

Performance and Internal Flow of Sirocco Fan Using Contra-Rotating Rotors

A sirocco fan using contra-rotating rotors in which an inner rotor is settled inside the sirocco fan rotor and each rotor rotates in an opposite direction was proposed for the purpose of getting the higher pressure and making the structure of a sirocco fan more compact. If the high discharge pressure is obtained with the adoption of the contra-rotating rotors, it could be used for various purposes. Pressure coefficient of a sirocco fan with contra-rotating rotors is 2.5 times as high as the conventional sirocco fan and the maximum efficiency point of contra-rotating rotors shifts to larger flow rate than a conventional sirocco fan. On the other hand, it was clarified from the flow measurement results that circumferential velocity component at the outlet of the outer rotor of contra-rotating ro- tors becomes larger than a conventional one. In the present paper, the performance of a conventional sirocco fan and a sirocco fan with contra-rotating rotors are shown and the internal flow field at the outlet of outer rotor of both cases is clarified. Then, the effect of different kind of contra-rotating rotors on the performance and internal flow field is investigated and the rotor design with higher performance would be discussed.