最短的火炬传递

按传统，每届奥运会开幕前，希腊奥委会在古奥林匹亚遗址取得圣火后，通常要在希腊境内先进行火炬传递，历时三五天。但是，1984年洛杉矶奥运会火炬交接仪式却是自1936年以来时间最短的一次，也是唯一没有在希腊境内进行火炬传递的一次。

中医五形人“火形人”之亚型内涵解析

《灵枢·阴阳二十五人》将五行理论归纳、类比、推演到对人形神的分类上,即分为木形人、火形人、土形人、金形人、水形人,中医五形人每一形人,又可细分为5种亚型,合为二十五人。中医五形人亚型的内涵,古代医家及现代研究者均鲜有研究,亚型是中医五形人理论及模型的诠释与表达,了解亚型的内涵才能真正了解中医五形人理论如何进行推导、演绎,因此具有重要的研究意义。文章试图基于文字学、文献学、理论推导及前期进行的定性研究,结合对16590例3D人脸样本数据库的观察、标注,以中医火形人为例,对其亚型进行解析,以了解中医火形人亚型的生命形态特征、心理内涵及理论模型如何进行演绎,为其形神特征的量化提供理论依据。

Melting Behavior of PA6 and PA6/PE Blends Crystallized from Amorphous State

Aim To investigate the melting behavior of polyamide 6 in polyamide 6/polyethy lene blends crystallized from amorphous state. Methods DSC was used to test effects of annealing temperature, annealing time, DSC scan rate, and the step wise annealing on the melting peaks of the ice water quenched specimens. Results and Conclusion Varied melting peaks of PA6 component were obtained. The degree of perfection and the crystallization degree of PA6 crystals decreased in the blends, and the crystallization degree of PA6 increased with the increasing of the annealing time. The height of the upper melting peak of reference PA6 is higher than that in blends.

Cloning,Expression and Sequence Analysis of A Luciferase Gene from the Chinese Firefly Pyrocoelia pygidialis

The cDNA encoding the luciferase from lantern mRNA of one diurnal firefly Pyrocoelia pygidialis Pic, 1926 has been cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed. The cDNA sequence of P pygidialis luciferase is 1647 base pairs in length, coding a protein of 548 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that this luciferase had 97.8% resemblance to luciferases from the fireflies Lampyris noctiluca, Lampyris turkestanicus and Nyctophila cf. caucasica. Phylogenetic analysis using deduced amino acid sequence showed that P pygidialis located at the base of Lampyris＋Nyctophila clade with robust support （BP=97%）; but did not show a monophyletic relationship with its congeneric species P pectoralis, P tufa and P miyako, all three are strong luminous and nocturnal species. The expression worked in recombinant Escherichia coli. Expression product had a 70kDa band and emitted yellow-green luminescence in the presence of luciferin. Five loops in the P pygidialis luciferase, L1 （NI98-G208）, L2 （T240-G247）, L3 （G317-K322）, L4 （L343-I350） and L5 （G522-D532）, were found from the structure modeling analysis in the cleft, where it was considered the active site for the substrate compound entering and binding. Different amino acid residues between the luciferases of P. pygidialis and the three other known strong luminous species can not explain the situation of weak or strong luminescence. Future study of these loops, residues or crystal structure analysis may be helpful in understanding the real differences between the luciferases between diurnal and nocturnal species.

Rules Governing Pressure Distribution for a Traveling Charge Under the Condition of Lagrange Hypothesis

Aim To study the rules governing pressure distribution of traveling charge under the condition of Lagrange hypothesis. Methods\ The study is based on the laws of conservation of momentum and energy. Results\ The gas flow velocity distribution formula at the back of a projectile and the momentum equation of a traveling charge are deduced, and rules governing their pressure distribution under the Lagrange hypothesis conditions are established. The pressure distribution of a traveling charge is compared with that of a conventional charge. Conclusion\ The pressure distribution in the bore of a traveling charge can be accurately predicted. A parabolic pressure distribution type is revealed.

Evaluation of three kinds of MCrAlY coatings produced by electrospark deposition

Three kinds of MCrAlY coatings with different aluminum contents （5%, 8%, 12%） were prepared by electrospark deposition （ESD）, their microstructure and oxidation behavior were studied by SEM and XRD. The results showed that the phase composition of the coatings changed from single γ-Ni to γ-Ni＋β-NiAl hypoeutectic to γ-Ni＋β-NiAl hypereutectic with increasing aluminum content, and their solidification morphologies changed from cluster of cellular structure to cellular dendrites to coarse dendrites with secondary arms. When exposed at 1000 ℃, the coatings with higher Al content had a stronger tendency to form θ-Al2O3 in the initial several hours. After 100 h of oxidation, a dense and adherent α-Al2O3 scale formed on all of the three coatings but the thickness of α-Al2O3 scale and the amount of remaining θ-Al2O3 increased with increasing Al content. These results revealed different characteristics of ESD MCrAlY coatings which could provide scientific guidance for industrial application.

周恩来严谨精细的领导作风

周恩来在为中国人民的解放事业和共产主义事业英勇奋斗的一生中,形成了独特的领导风格和领导作风。他饱满的革命热情,顽强的斗争意志,无私的奉献精神和严谨精细的领导作风,永远值得各级领导干部学习。郭沫若曾对此作过生动形象的描述。他说:周恩来思考事物的周密有如水银泻地,处理问题的敏捷有如电火行空,而他一切都以献身精神应付。

“举轻若重”的伟大公仆——学习周恩来的领导艺术和领导作风

周恩来是历史上少有的信念如一、操守如一、言行如一、表里如一的人。他在长期领导中国革命和建设中形成的独具特色的领导艺术和领导作风,是中国共产党和中国人民、中华民族的宝贵思想财富。学习周恩来的领导艺术和领导作风,对于全党进一步加强作风建设,推动全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党,具有十分重要的意义。

周恩来组建新中国首届“内阁”始末

新中国刚刚成立,周恩来即以政务院总理兼外交部长的身份受命组建政务院及其所属机构。周总理以其卓越的智慧和才能,殚精竭虑,在极短的时间内,组建成首届"内阁"。在新中国初期,为政府顺利推行各项工作做出了"奠基性的贡献"。

教育契机偶拾

抓住教育契机,有的放矢地对学生加以训导和激励,比起海阔天空的高谈和婆婆妈妈的絮叨来,德育效果会好得多。偶拾若干实例,且归纳出施教若干方法,以求教于同行。一曰因势利导法。校田径运动会闭幕式即将举行,我拿起话筒说:“很难找到一个机会能够像体育运动会这样足以把人性的优点发挥得如此淋漓尽致。竞技场上不存在怠性、气馁和虚假的谦让,更没有人甘拜下风。此时此刻,同学们有何感想?”话音刚落,队伍中钻出几个学生,抢话筒作答,语文精炼而又不乏诙谐幽默,赞美体育运动,赞美运动员。这样做,既满足了学生正当的自我表现欲,又借学生之口。

Effects of Spark Ignition Engine Operating Parameters on Its Cyclic Variation ——Modeling and Simulation

An engine cyclic variation model has been built by using the residual gas temperature for the n th cycle as the input of the model, through constant pressure intake process, adiabatic compression process, constant volume combustion process, adiabatic expansion process, adiabatic blow down process and constant pressure exhaust process to approximate the thermodynamic processes in the cylinder, finally the residual gas temperature for the ( n+1) th cycle can be estimated. Because of the adding of engine operating parameters such as engine speed, spark advance, equivalence ratio, intake air pressure, intake air temperature to the model, effects of these parameters on cyclic variation can be estimated quantitatively. Since residual gas temperature fluctuation between cycles reflects the circumstances of engine cyclic variation, parameters to which residual gas temperature is sensitive are most likely used as the means to control cyclic variation. Model simulation shows that for the nearly stiochiometric mixture, cyclic variation is not obvious or even quite stable, but for the lean mixture, under the circumstances of partial load and larger spark advances, engine cyclic variations occur chaotically or with bifurcation.

Synergistic effects of expandable graphite and dimethyl methyl phosphonate on the mechanical properties, fire behavior, and thermal stability of a polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foam

In this study, a series of flame-retardant polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PIR-PUR) foams were prepared using various concentrations (0-25% by weight) of expandable graphite (EG) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (0-7% by weight). The effect of these additives on the properties of the PIR-PUR foams, including physico-mechanical, morphological, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, was studied. Increasing amounts of EG in the PIR-PUR foam caused a significant drop in the compression strength. However, DMMP caused the mechanical properties of PIR-PUR foam to improve compared to foam filled with EG alone. The flame retardancy of PIR-PUR foams containing both EG and DMMP was enhanced significantly compared to EG filled foams. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that EG enhances the thermal stability of PIR-PUR foams but that DMMP decreased it. The morphology of the residual char provided conclusive evidence for the weak thermal stability of foams filled with DMMP.

Static recrystallization behavior of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing

The static recrystallization of hot-deformed magnesium alloy AZ31 during isothermal annealing was studied at temperature of 503 K by optical and SEM/EBSD metallographic observation.The grain size change during isothermal annealing is categorized into three regions,i.e.an incubation period for grain growth,rapid grain coarsening,and normal grain growth.The number of fine grains per unit area,however,decreases remarkably even in incubation period.This leads to grain coarsening taking place continuously in the whole period of annealing.In contrast,the deformation texture scarcely changes even after full annealing at high temperatures.It is concluded that the annealing processes operating in hot-deformed magnesium alloy with continuous dynamic recrystallized grain structures can be mainly controlled by grain coarsening without texture change,that is,continuous static recrystallization.

Effect of quenching process on mechanical properties and ductile-brittle transition behavior of 28CrMnMoV steel

Effect of quenching process on the microstrucmre and mechanical properties of a kind of seamless tubes of steel 28CrMnMoV was investigated. Then, an investigation on the influence of two different quenching processes on the ductile-brittle transition behavior of this steel was undertaken. The ductile-brittle transition temperatures of the steel by two different quenching processes were also determined. The results show that a good combination of mechanical properties can be obtained through austenitizing experimental steel at 800 ℃ or 890 ℃ followed by tempering at 630 ℃. Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of 28CrMnMoV steel austenitized at 800 ℃ followed by tempering at 640 ℃ is about -73 ℃, which is much lower than the value -37 ℃ when the steel was austenitized at 890℃ and then tempered at 650 ℃. This indicates that subcritical quenching process could decrease largely the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of 28CrMnMoV steel.

Effect of different quenching processes following solid-solution treatment on properties and precipitation behaviors of 7050 alloy

The effects of quenching in different ways following solid-solution treatment on properties and precipitation behaviors of7050 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, selected areaelectron diffraction （SAED）, hardness and electrical conductivity tests. Results show that after quenching in different ways, electricalconductivity of the alloy decreases rapidly in the first 48 h of natural aging. The electrical conductivity of 7050 alloy in natural agingstate is determined by the size and density of GP zones, and the size of GP zones is the main factor. After natural aging for 70 d, thesize of GP zones is 1.8-2.6 nm in matrix of the immersion quenched sample and it is 1.4-1.8 nm in matrix of both water mist andforced air quenched samples. After natural and artificial peak aging, the hardness of the water mist quenched sample is HV 193.6 andits electrical conductivity is 30.5% （IACS） which are both higher than those of the immersion quenched sample. Therefore, watermist quenching is an ideal quenching method for 7050 alloy sheets after solid-solution treatment.

Design and application of electrical fire monitoring system in mining industry

To protect mining areas from electrical fire, it is very important to install electrical nre momtormg system to ensure safety in development of mineral resources and for buildings. In this paper, design for electrical fire monitoring and detection system with optional sensor modules has been proposed. In addition, necessity and suitability of electrical fire monitoring and detection system with optional sensor modules in mining areas have been reviewed. The designed electrical fire monitoring and detection system suit- able for work environment of mining industry is composed by host-computer monitoring software and slave-computer detectors. Monitoring detectors are manufactured by using embedded technology. Exter- nal shells deployed have superior enclosure performances and explosion-proof properties. It is easy to install and maintain the system. In general, the system has reached, or even exceeded standards specified in national standards for performances and appearances of such devices. Test results show application of electrical fire monitoring and detection system can effectively enhance monitoring intensity over the mining areas and provide reliable guarantee to ensure orderly development of mineral resources and to protect physical and property safety of citizens in these areas.

Role of Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo Simulation in 2D Ising Spin Glass System with Distance Dependent Interaction

Spin glass system is a complex disordered system with a number of local minima separated by entropic barriers. Therefore, parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulation was used in order to get fast thermalisation （to minimize the relaxation time）. Distance dependent interaction coupling in 2D is studied in order to show how a spin glass phase transition occurs when couplings between far away spins are permitted by considering Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass model. The interaction coupling is a quenched random variable whose probability of being non-zero decays with distance between two spin sites rij = ｜i-j｜mod（L/2）.The interaction coupling is random and its probability distribution is decaying with the distance between the spins （p（Jij） αrij^-ρ）. The model is studied by changing p among three different regimes （p 〉 2D, 4/3 D〈 p 〈 2D, p 〈 4/3D）. A phase transition temperature for p = 2, 3, 4 is obtained.

Modelling of Eruptive Fire Occurrence and Behaviour

Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very little literature is available to support either modelling or occurrence prediction for this phenomenon. In this study, an unsteady physical model of fire spread is detailed, which describes the initiation and development of eruptive fires with an induced wind sub-model. The latter phenomenon is proposed as the mainspring of fire eruptions. Induced wind is proportional to the rate of spread and the rate of spread is in a non-linear relationship with induced wind. This feedback can converge or diverge depending on the conditions. The model allows both explaining why an eruption can occur and predicting explicitly its occurrence according to meteorological conditions, topographic parameters, fuel bed properties and fire front width. The model is tested by comparing its results to a set of experiments carried out at laboratory scale and during an outdoor wildfire, the Kornati accident.