基于TOPSIS和灰色关联投影法的区域碳效率动态综合评价——以泛珠三角为例

为弥补传统碳效率评价偏向绝对量指标或者少数几个指标的单点式评价的不足,选取相对量指标,从经济、人口、福利多个维度并兼顾地区发展实际与公平原则,构建区域碳效率评价指标体系。将TOPSIS法与灰色关联投影分析相结合,并利用时间序列平均算子二次加权以实现对泛珠三角9省(自治区)2011—2020年碳效率的动态综合评价。静态与动态评价研究结果显示:该区域碳效率发展水平存在差异,其中海南省碳效率总体水平较高,为0.530;贵州省碳效率相对较低,为0.162;海南省比贵州省高出227%。福建省碳效率呈上升趋势,由2011年的0.327上升至2020年的0.498,增长了52.3%。研究认为,应该制定差异化减排策略、加大技术经费投入、增强社会福利、引进人才以实现低碳经济发展。

针吸取材与近红外线扫描联合诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤62例

我院自1992年10月—1997年10月,应用近红外线扫描与针吸取材细胞学检查联合诊断乳腺癌62例,取得满意结果,现报告如下。 临床资料与方法 本组62例均为女性,年龄分布:30岁以下3例;31岁～40岁12例;41岁～50岁28例;

近红外线对不可触及的乳腺病变的诊断体会

所谓不可触及的乳腺病变(nonpalpable breast lesion NPBL)是指临床上未发现任何异常,而仅在乳腺摄片中发现的病变。各种乳腺疾病都可表现为NPBL。乳腺钼靶摄片普查表明3％～4％的妇女患有NPBL,其中10％～30％为恶性病变。

计算机红外线扫描乳腺癌的成像特点

目的探讨如何提高乳腺疾病的诊断水平,及早发现乳腺癌。方法我科使用红外线乳腺诊断仪对2 887例妇女进行乳腺疾病检查。结果检出乳腺疾病2 113例,阳性率为73.19%。其中乳腺癌34例,诊断符合率91.17%。结论计算机红外线扫描器对鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变颇有价值,尤其对乳腺癌的早期诊断有一定临床意义。

应用近红外光仪检测乳腺疾病的临床评价

我院乳腺专科于1990年12月—1991年12月应用诊断仪共检查4931例(其中妇女普查3919例、门诊1012例)。疑为乳腺癌46例。在我院接受手术治疗31例,均获病理证实,其中16例为手检肿块在2Cm以下、无淋巴转移的早期病例(含普查中手检阴性2例)。实践证明,国产近红外光乳腺诊断仪具有成像清晰、显示病灶敏感度高、对人体无损害,可重复检测等优点。为乳腺疾病的诊断,尤为乳腺癌二级预防提供了一个有效的方法。

红外光扫描200例乳腺疾病的诊断分析

我所自1993年4月至1994年10月应用红外光扫描检查2240例,发现病变359例。本文对资料完整的200例扫描图像进行分析报告如下: 资料与方法 一、临床资料 200例均为门型病人,女性198例,男性2例;年龄20—65岁。多以乳腺疼痛、乳腺肿块、乳头溢液为主诉就诊。6例乳腺癌均经手术病理证实。

VEHICLE SEGMENTATION AND SHADOW HANDLER BASED ON EXTREMUM IMAGE

The shadows similar to the vehicle and the spots caused by vehicle lamps need to be accurately detected in the vehicle segmentation involved in the video-based traffic parameter measurement. Generally, the road surface is different from the vehicle surface in the gray-level architecture. An invariant gray-level architecture-the extremum image in the changing illumination environment is derived and a novel algorithm is presented for detecting shadows and spots. The gray-level structure that is not sensitive to the illumination is employed in the algorithm and the road surface mistaken as vehicles can be removed.

An electrophoretic display driving waveform based on improvement of activation pattern

Electrophoretic display(EPD) technology has become one of the main supporting pillars of the electronic paper display industry.Despite its benefits,the EPD technology suffers from several disadvantages such as non-fixed threshold voltage value for gray scale display.In addition,the display has to repeatedly refresh between white and black states to eliminate ghost image when it needs to update a new image.The traditional driving waveform for the EPD includes four stages: erasing the original image,resetting to black state,clearing to white state,and writing a new image.A flicker can be found when transferring between two adjacent stages.A new driving waveform based on the improvement of activation pattern is proposed to weaken the ghost image and reduce the flicker.Experimental results show that the proposed driving waveform could weaken the ghost image effectively and reduce the number of flickers by 50%.Compared with the traditional driving waveform,the driving waveform of this work has a better performance.

Gray weighted algorithm for variable voltage CT reconstruction

In conventional computed tomography （CT） reconstruction based on fixed voltage, the projective data often ap- pear overexposed or underexposed, as a result, the reconstructive results are poor. To solve this problem, variable voltage CT reconstruction has been proposed. The effective projective sequences of a structural component are obtained through the variable voltage. The total variation is adjusted and minimized to optimize the reconstructive results on the basis of iterative image using algebraic reconstruction technique （ART）. In the process of reconstruction, the reconstructive image of low voltage is used as an initial value of the effective proiective reconstruction of the adjacent high voltage, and so on until to the highest voltage according to the gray weighted algorithm. Thereby the complete structural information is reconstructed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can completely reflect the information of a complicated structural com- ponent, and the pixel values are more stable than those of the conventional.

On grey relation projection model based on projection pursuit

Multidimensional grey relation projection value can be synthesized as one-dimensional projection value by using projection pursuit model. The larger the projection value is,the better the model. Thus,according to the projection value,the best one can be chosen from the model aggregation. Because projection pursuit modeling based on accelerating genetic algorithm can simplify the implementation procedure of the projection pursuit technique and overcome its complex calculation as well as the difficulty in implementing its program,a new method can be obtained for choosing the best grey relation projection model based on the projection pursuit technique.

Factors influencing the establishment of dominance hierarchies of the grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus

Unlike other balistids, grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus occur in social groups in subtropical reef assemblages and have been noted to cooperate in capturing large crustacean prey. The objective of this study were to determine the structure of dominance hierarchies of these social groups and the factors that influence hierarchies of wild-caught grey triggerfish in a natu- ralistic setting. From observations of four groups of triggerfish （n = 19 fish） in both dyad and group （4 - 5 fish） settings, we provide a description of triggerfish behaviors and coloration patterns and an explanation of the social context in which suites of behaviors are used by dominant, middle-ranking, and subordinate fish. Sixteen behaviors and nine coloration patterns were noted for grey triggerfish. Grey triggerfish groups form linear hierarchies in both dyads and groups as measured by Landau＇s lndex of Linearity （h = 1.0 for Groups 1, 3, and 4 and h = 0.95 for Group 2 in dyads; h = 1.0 for all groups in group settings）. Dyadic hierarchies, however, were not necessarily good predictors of the hierarchies found in larger group settings, as they only predicted two of the four group hierarchies. Sex played no role in influencing status or behavior. Size had the greatest influence on domi- nance status, with larger fish being more dominant than smaller fish. An individual＇s dominance ranking influenced both body coloration and posture. These results suggest that color patterns and body postures may also be used by observers as an indicator of an individual＇s social status in groups [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 18-35, 2010].

Effect of the Molecular Structure of Polymer Dispersants on Limestone Suspension Properties in Fine Grinding

Polymer dispersants are widely used as grinding aids to reduce the viscosity of mineral particle suspensions and to improve energy efficiency during fine grinding. The authors studied here the effects of polymer dispersants of different molecular structure on limestone suspension properties in wet stirred media milling. The polymers differed in their molecular weight and PDI （polydispersity index）. Two traditionally fractionated polymer dispersants having a high PDI （over 2） and one made by controlled radical polymerization having a low PDI （1.2） were tested. It was noticed that these dispersants worked as electrosteric stabilizers and prevented the agglomeration of ground limestone particles. Their addition allowed increased solids concentrations to be used in the grinding experiments and at the same time lowered the particle size and specific energy consumption. The particle sizes obtained were about 1 μm regardless of the dispersant or its dose. The dispersant with a low PDI reduced the viscosity more than did the high PDI dispersants. The results indicate that higher solids concentrations can be used at the same dispersant dose when a low PDI dispersant is used, leading to energy savings via increased throughput. Alternatively, a lower dose of low PDI polymer dispersant than of a high PDI polymer dispersant can be used at the same solids concentration.

Revisiting and Rethinking Regional Urbanization in Changjiang River Delta,China

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.

Combining Spectral with Texture Features into Objectoriented Classification in Mountainous Terrain Using Advanced Land Observing Satellite Image

Most existing classification studies use spectral information and those were adequate for cities or plains. This paper explores classification method suitable for the ALOS （Advanced Land Observing Satellite） in mountainous terrain. Mountainous terrain mapping using ALOS image faces numerous challenges. These include spectral confusion with other land cover features, topographic effects on spectral signatures （such as shadow）. At first, topographic radiometric correction was carried out to remove the illumination effects of topography. In addition to spectral features, texture features were used to assist classification in this paper. And texture features extracted based on GLCM （Gray Level Co- occurrence Matrix） were not only used for segmentation, but also used for building rules. The performance of the method was evaluated and compared with Maximum Likelihood Classification （MLC）. Results showed that the object-oriented method integrating spectral and texture features has achieved overall accuracy of 85.73% with a kappa coefficient of 0.824, which is 13.48% and o.145 respectively higher than that got by MLC method. It indicated that texture features can significantly improve overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, and the classification precision of existing spectrum confusion features. Object-oriented method Integrating spectral and texture features is suitable for land use extraction of ALOS image in mountainous terrain.

Grey correlation analysis of factors influencing maldistribution in feeding device of copper flash smelting

An experimental model of maldistribution was established and grey correlation analysis method was employed to describe quantitatively the maldistribution phenomenon in the feeding device of copper flash smelting.Particle motion in the feeding device was separated into uniform flow in chute and restricted slanting parabolic motion in distributor channel.Factors affecting particle velocity at the chute outlet and particle moving distance in the distributor channel,which also cause the maldistribution,were analyzed based on the assumption of pseudo fluid.Experiments were conducted to study the maldistribution using river sand.The results indicate obvious mass maldistribution and an even higher degree with the increase of feeding mass rate;meanwhile,size maldistribution is negligible.Also,feeding intensity has a larger impact on circumferential maldistribution than on radial maldistribution.Based on the experimental results of the eight factors impacting the maldistribution,grey relation of each factor was calculated using grey correlation analysis.The importances of these factors were sequenced.The results show that a proper adjustment of the structure will ameliorate the maldistribution phenomenon in the feeding device of copper flash smelting.

Prediction of the maximum water inflow in Pingdingshan No.8 mine based on grey system theory

In order to prevent and control the water inflow of mines, this paper built a new initial GM（1, 1） model to torecast the maximum water inflow according to the principle of new information. The effect of the new initial GM（1, 1） model is not ideal by the concrete example. Then according to the principle of making the sum of the squares of the difference between the calculated sequences and the original sequences, an optimized GM（1, I） model was established. The result shows that this method is a new prediction method which can predict the maximum water inflow accurately. It not only conforms to the guide- line of prevention primarily, but also provides reference standards to managers on making prevention measures.

Evaluation of Social Environment Impact of Highway Construction Using Gray Matter-Element Information Entropy Model

Due to the importance of the social environment impact of highway construction project, an advanced evaluation is required to incorporate situations such as uncertainty, incompatibility and less information. This paper proposes a gray matter-element evaluation model based on the information entropy. The model is developed by combining both quantitative and qualitative methods, using probability theory to convert quantitative index to qualitative index, and the weight of those indexes were determined through synthesised integral weighting method, integrating matter-element theory, grey theory, and information theory. The model is then applied to evaluate the impact of the social environmental impact of highway construction project which will provide support for decision makers. Cheng-Yu highway and Shen-Da highway were selected for model application, and good results were achieved similar to the real situation.

预防黑白照片与底片褪色的办法

在彩色摄影相当普及的今天,黑白摄影以其独特的影调、层次、质感及反差为广大摄影发烧友情有独钟,对于摄影爱好者来说,刻意追求黑白照片中黑、白、灰影调变化的趣味胜过当年,这也正是黑白摄影生命力经久不衰的原因所在。 自1840年初开始应用碘化银纸工艺的摄影术发明以来,银影照片褪色的问题一直延续至今,英国摄影学会褪色研究会早在1885年就查明了黑白照片和底片褪色的主要原因。

A dynamic influence model of social network hotspot based on grey system

The outbreak of hotspot in social network may contain complex dynamic genesis. Using user behavior data from hotspots in social network, we study how different user groups play different roles for a hotspot topic. Firstly, by analyzing users' behavior records, we mine group situation that promotes the hotspot.Several major attributions in a hotspot outbreak, such as individual, peer and group triggers, are defined formally according to the view-point of social identity, social interaction, retweet depth and opinion leader. Secondly,for the problem of the uneven and sparse data in each stage of hotspot topic's life cycle, we propose a dynamic influence model based on grey system to formalize the effect of different groups. Then the process of hotspot evolution driven by distinct crowd is showed dynamically. The experimental result confirms that the model is able not only to qualify users' influence on a hotspot topic but also to predict effectively an upcoming change in a hotspot topic.