鹌鹑野灰相关蛋白基因外显子Ⅰ的多态性分析

家禽的羽色遗传一直是炙手可热的研究课题,因为羽色是禽类一种重要的质量性状。本研究利用聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对不同羽色的4个鹌鹑群体(中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑)进行野灰相关蛋白基因(agouti-related protein,Agrp)外显子Ⅰ的多态性检测,探讨Agrp外显子Ⅰ与鹌鹑羽毛颜色的关系,为鹌鹑的育种及生产提供参考。结果表明,Agrp外显子Ⅰ在中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑群体中都检测到了2个等位基因,分别用A和B表示。等位基因A在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因频率最高,达到了0.9500。B等位基因在朝鲜鹌鹑中的频率最高,达到了0.3392,在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因频率最低,只有0.0500。基因型AA在北京白羽鹌鹑中的基因型频率最高(0.9500),在朝鲜鹌鹑和黑羽鹌鹑中最低(0.4286)。基因型AB在北京白羽鹌鹑中没有出现。测序发现,在黑羽鹌鹑和朝鲜鹌鹑中有AG的杂合位点,而在北京白羽鹌鹑中只有G位点。推测Agrp外显子Ⅰ的AB基因型(或B等位基因)与鹌鹑的黑羽色可能有一定关系。

基于灰相关原理的河南省消费需求对经济增长贡献研究

近些年河南省"投资高、消费低"表现得较为突出,影响到居民生活水平的提高和经济的持续稳定增长。以国民经济各部门的产值为系统的特征行为序列,以各类消费支出量为相关因素行为序列,利用灰色系统软件,计算出相关系数值。分析表明,河南省消费需求对经济增长贡献较低的原因有产业结构发展不平衡、第三产业发展滞后、农村居民消费结构不合理、政府消费对居民消费的促进作用不足等。为此,河南省应采取措施转变经济增长方式,推动经济增长由投资主导向投资、消费共同主导转变。

灰色相关分析及其应用研究

为解决基于时间序列数据对象的统计分析问题,提出了一种全新的灰色相关分析方法并定义了其数学模型。灰色相关分析方法充分考虑数据对象随时间的变化而改变的特征,突出了最新的数据在分析结果中的重要作用,使相关性分析对新数据保持高敏感性,尽量弱化时间久远的数据影响,准确地反映了近期各对象间的相关性。利用面向对象程序设计原理,使用面向对象开发工具进行了系统实现,并进行了大量实验测试,实验结果显示,灰色相关分析方法对解决时间序列的分析问题,更加准确、可信。将灰色相关分析方法模型应用到我国环境基本情况的统计中,分析结果可为制定环境保护措施提供有力的科学依据。

股票价格及其影响因素的灰典型相关分析

选取2008年1月～2009年7月的沪深300指数和股票价格的部分影响因素的月度数据,应用灰典型相关分析理论和方法,对两者之间的相关程度进行了实证研究,建立了沪深300指数及其影响因素的灰典型相关分析模型,找出了影响股票价格的主要因素。研究结果表明,增加货币供应量、工业品出厂价格指数上升都会促使股票价格上涨。结果可为正确投资股票提供科学依据。

鹌鹑野灰相关蛋白(Agrp)基因外显子Ⅱ的多态性分析

为了探讨野灰相关蛋白（Agrp）基因外显子Ⅱ与鹌鹑羽毛颜色的关系,试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对不同羽色的中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑4个群体进行Agrp基因外显子Ⅱ的多态性检测。结果表明：在中国黄羽鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑群体中均检测到Agrp基因外显子Ⅱ有2个等位基因,分别用A和B表示,检测到AA和AB两种基因型,没有检测到BB基因型。在中国黄羽鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑、黑羽鹌鹑中AA基因型频率分别为0.545 5,0.653 8,0.558 8,0.704 5,AB基因型频率分别为0.454 5,0.346 2,0.441 2,0.295 5,在4个鹌鹑群体中AA基因型频率高于AB基因型频率。

灰典型相关分析研究与应用

经典典型相关分析方法在解决时间序列问题时存在不足:不能及时、准确地反映样本数据的时间特征及变化趋势。针对上述问题,本文基于灰色系统时间序列的特性,将灰色系统理论与典型相关分析方法结合起来,提出了一种全新的灰典型相关分析方法并定义了其数学模型。灰典型相关分析方法充分考虑到时间对事物发展趋势的不可忽视的影响,突出了时间序列中新增数据对分析结果的重要作用,因此对具有时间意义的实际问题具有更好的统计效果。将该方法应用到社会伦理与经济发展状况关系的研究中,并通过与经典典型相关分析方法的对比揭示出其在解决时间序列问题方面的优越性,分析结果能够为相关职能部门的决策提供更有力的理论依据。

一种基于生产数据反演注采井间动态连通性的方法

井间动态连通性是指储层内流体的连通性,与地层对比和地震横向预测的静态连通性有本质的区别。利用生产数据来研究油藏动态连通性,既能得到较准确有效的结果,又廉价易行。采用井场动态生产数据,使用灰色关联分析法,计算井间动态数据的相关性,通过相关性大小定量判断井间动态连通性的强弱和水驱油效果的好坏。结果表明:灰相关能对井间的连通性进行量化评价,并能够评价水驱效果。

电火花加工工艺电参数的优化

以Cr12MoV为工件材料,研究电火花加工中脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔和放电电流等工艺参数对工艺指标材料去除率、电极损耗率和表面粗糙度的影响。为了优化工艺指标,将相关分析方法与Taguchi方法相结合,通过灰相关度系数值决定优化的工艺参数,最后利用方差分析,确定放电电流对工艺指标的最大影响。

异构网络中基于终端决策的通用垂直切换算法

垂直切换是异构网络中的关键技术,目前已有的垂直切换算法大多是针对特定的网络或切换过程的某个环节,提出一种与网络类型无关的通用垂直切换算法,仿真结果表明该算法在支持多任务,有效利用能量方面比传统方法有很大的改进。

ESTIMATION METHOD FOR AIRCRAFT SIMILARITY BASED ON FUZZY THEORY AND GREY INCIDENCE ANALYSIS

An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the method of grey incidence analysis. Nine feature attributes of aircraft are selected to estimate the similarity between the new aircraft and the existing aircraft. A new aircraft X and other six existing aircrafts are taken as examples. Analyses show that similarity estimation results obtained from the method are in accordance with practice.

NOVEL GENERALIZED GREY INCIDENCE MODEL BASED ON INTERVAL GREY NUMBERS

To extend the traditional generalized grey incidence model, a novel grey incidence model based on inter- val grey numbers is constructed. Considering the numerical information of indexes cannot be accurately obtained and can be defined as interval grey numbers, the interval grey numbers are defined as standard interval grey num- bers which are split in white part and grey part. The absolute degree of incidence and relative degree of incidence based on the interval grey numbers are constructed and their arithmetic are given. Finally, an example about commercial aircraft index selection illuminates the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the model can sort indexes better and can extend the grey incidence models significantly.

Correlation, Principal Component and Grey Relation Analysis of Sweetpotato Root Biological Traits

[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the internal relationship among root biological traits of sweetpotato, as well as the regularity in their formation and differentiation. [Method] The root traits of 10 sweetpotato cultivars were measured through hydroponic culture in a greenhouse and field survey, and then their correlations were analyzed by statistical methods. [Result] The root morphological traits of sweetpotato at seedling stage such as projected area, surface area, average diameter and volume processed the highest contribution rate （80.56%） 10 d after transplanting, and the contribution rate of root average diameter reached 27.79% 20 d after transplanting. Storage root fresh weight per plant shared extremely significant positive correlations with storage root fresh weight of penultimate node and storage root fresh weight of antepenultimate node, and a significant positive corre- lation with commercial storage root number, and a significant negative correlation with storage root number of penultimate node. Among them, the correlation coeffi- cient of storage root fresh weight per plant with storage root fresh weight of antepenultimate node was the highest （0.659 5）. Fifteen days after transplanting, storage root fresh weight per plant had significant negative correlations with root projected area, surface area and volume. There was a significant positive correlation between root dry weight and storage root fresh weight per plant 25 d after transplanting. Root dry weight, volume, length, average diameter of sweetpotato seedlings had higher relational degrees with storage root fresh weight per plant. Ten and twenty days after transplanting were important time for the growth and differentiation of sweetpotato roots. In addition, node length and planting depth had certain influence on sweetpotato yield, and direct relationship existed between the seedling root biological traits and storage root yield of sweetpotato. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical support for standard cultivation and new variety breeding of sweetpotato.

MULTIVARIATE ABSOLUTE DEGREE OF GREY INCIDENCE BASED ON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POINTS

The analysis result of absolute degree of grey incidence for multivariate time series is often inconsistent with the qualitative analysis. To overcome this shortage, a multivariate absolute degree of grey incidence based on distribution characteristics of points is proposed. Based on the geometric description of multivariate time se- ries, the neighborhood extrema are extracted in the different regions, and a characteristic point set is constructed. Then according to the distribution of the characteristic point set, a characteristic point sequence reflecting the ge- ometric features of multivariate time series is obtained. The incidence analysis between multivariate time series is transformed into the relational analysis between characteristic point sequences, and a grey incidence model is established. The model possesses the properties of translational invariance, transpose and rank transform invari- ance, and satisfies the grey incidence analysis axioms. Finally, two cases are studied and the results prove the ef- fectiveness of the model.

Application of grey relational analysis in sheet metal forming for multi-response quality characteristics

The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. In this paper, the use of grey relational analysis for optimizing the square hole flanging process parameters with considerations of the multiple response (the average flanging height, regular flanging and maximum strain) is introduced. Various flanging parameters, such as the blank inner radius rb, blank inner width B0, are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. Multiple response values are obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics (flanging height, regular flanging and maximum strain). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results showed good agreement with the experiment result. Grey relational analysis can be applied in multiple response optimi-zation designs.

Nature of Soil Acidity in Relation to Properties and Lime Requirement of Some Inceptisols

Some Inceptisols representing the Singla catchment area in Karimgaungedistrict of Assam, India, were studied for lime requirement as influenced by the nature of soilacidity. The electrostatically bonded (EB)-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities constituted 33 and 67percent of exchangeable acidity while EB-H^+, EB-Al^(3+), exchangeable and pH-dependent aciditiescomprised 6, 14, 20 and 80 percent of total potential acidity. The pH-dependent acidity made a majorcontribution towards the total potential acidity (67%～84%). Grand mean of lime requirementdetermined by the laboratory incubation method and estimated by the methods of New Woodruff,Woodruff and Peech as expressed in MgCaCO_3 ha^(-1) was in the order: Woodruff (15.6) > New Woodruff(14.9) > Peech (5.1) > incubation (5.0). Correlations analysis among different forms of acidity andlime requirement methods with selected soil properties showed that pH in three media, namely water,1 mol L^(-1) KC1 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) CaCl_2, had a significant negative correlation with differentforms of acidity and lime requirement methods. Exchangeable Fe and Al showed significant positivecorrelations with EB-Al^(3+) acidity, exchangeable acidity, pH-dependent acidity and total potentialacidity, and also lime requirement methods. Extractable Al showed positive correlations withdifferent forms of acidity except EB-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities. The lime requirement by differentmethods depended upon the extractable aluminium. Significant positive correlations existed betweenlime requirements and different forms of acidity of the soils except EB-H^+ acidity and incubationmethod. The nature of soil acidity was mostly pH-dependent. Statistically, the Woodruff method didslightly better than the New Woodruff, incubation and Peech methods at estimating lime requirementand hence the Woodruff procedure may be recommended for routine soil testing because of its speedand simplicity.

Variation Character of Grain Yield per Unit Area in Main Grain-producing Area of Northeast China

Based on the surveys and the statistic data during 1980-2003, the variation character of grain yield per unit area in Northeast China and its main factors have been discussed by the methods of statistics and grey correlation analysis. The results show that: 1) the grain yield per unit area has been taking on an increasing trend in the recent 20 years. It increased from 2519.80kg/ha in 1980 to 4216.11kg/ha in 2003, with an increasing rate of 67.32%; 2) the variation of grain yield per unit area is considerably prominent and its range is also very great, with the maximal increase rate of 42.59% and maximal decrease rate of 21.13%, respectively, which are far above the whole Chinese average level; 3) the variation of main crops' yield per unit area is remarkable, which takes on the character that the yield of corn is much higher than that of soybean and rice; and 4) the grey correlation analysis shows that the most important factors impacting the variation of grain yield per unit area are the total power of agricultural machinery, the consumption of chemical fertilizer and effective irrigated area. However, the influence of natural disaster and income level should not be ignored. Effective ways to improve grain yield per unit area are to construct farmland improvement groundwork, reclaim the middle- and low-yield farmland, etc.

Deformation mechanism of high-stress and broken-expansion surrounding rock and supporting optimization based on the gray correlation theory

Aiming at the large deformation and support problems of high-stress and broken-expansion surrounding rock, and taking 1 000 m level roadway of Mine II in Jinchuan as the research object, an investigation on the deformation and damage of roadway surrounding rock and an analysis of its mechanism were carried out. The gray correlation theory was used in support scheme optimization design. First, causes and mechanism of deformation of the 1 000 m horizontal transport channel were analyzed through field investigation, laboratory test and data processing methods. We arguued that poor engineering geological conditions and deep pressure increases were the main factors, and the deformation mechanism was mainly the ground deformation pressure. Second, the gray correlation theory was used to construct supporting optimization decision method in the deep roadway. This method more comprehensively considers various factors, including construction, costs, and supporting material functions. The combined support with pre-stressed anchor cables, shotcrete layer, bolt and metal net was put forward according to the actual roadway engineering characteristics. Finally, 4 support schemes were put forward for new roadways. The gray relational theory was applied to optimizing the supporting method, undertaking technical and economic comparison to obtain the correlation degree, and accordingly the schemes were evaluated. It was concluded as follows： the best was the flexible retaining scheme using the steel strand anchor; the second best was the one using plate anchors on the top and rigid common screw steel bolt on the two sides; the ttiird was; the rigid common screw steel bolt in full section of roadway; and the worst is the planished steel rigid support. The optimized scheme was applied to the 1000 m level of new excavation roadway. The results show that the roadway surrounding rock can reach a stable state after 5 to 6 months monitoring, with a convergence rate less than 1 mm/d.

基于飞行数据的民机着陆安全影响因素研究

飞机进场着陆阶段是飞行任务中的事故多发阶段,长着陆和重着陆是该阶段发生最为频繁的不安全事件。为探索诱发长着陆和重着陆的影响因素,考虑飞行数据的时间序列信息,结合实际飞行阶段对着陆因参数进行分段,并通过着陆阶段动力学分析,建立标准着陆模型;采用基于时间序列的灰色接近关联分析进行模型和方法验证,并找到影响长着陆和重着陆事件细节分段后的关键阶段飞行状态参数,再进一步通过灰典型相关分析方法寻找关键阶段的飞行状态参数与长着陆和中重着陆之间定量的关联性。灰色接近关联分析表明,跑道入口至接地段对2个不安全事件的影响最大;进一步的灰典型相关分析结果表明,载荷量达0.969 1的下降率对长着陆影响最大,载荷量达0.767 0的地速对重着陆影响最大。所得结论与飞行实际情况相符,能够为长着陆和重着陆的预防和风险控制提供参考。

CAE-Based Robust Optimization for Deep-Drawing Process of Sheet Metal Forming Using Grey Relational Analysis Method

The theory of grey systems is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision making in many areas. The grey relational analysis was used to optimize the deep-drawing process parameters with considerations of the multiple response （the wrinkle, crack and thinning variation）. The deep-drawing parame- ters, such as the blank holding force （Fhh）, the radii of punch and die （R1.R2）, the coefficients of friction （μ1,μ2,μ3） are considered. An orthogonal array is used for the experimental design. The multiple response values are ob- tained making use of finite element analysis （FEA）. Optimal process parameters are determined by the grey rela- tional grade obtained from the grey relational analysis for multi-performance characteristics （the wrinkle, crack and the thinning）. The analysis of variance （ANOVA） for the grey relational grade is implemented. The results show that the quality of stamped parts can be improved effectively through the new approach. The grey relational analysis can be applied in sheet metal forming.

Grey correlational and SSR analyses of cotton hybrids

Ten upland cotton strains exhibiting 3 fiber quality traits and 8 yield traits, were grown for two years in an investigation of the correlation between grey relational analysis （GRA） and genetic identity in heterosis of cot- ton hybrid. The aim was to establish the optimal approach for heterosis prediction and parent selection. Plant traits data were collected and analyzed for GRA. In addition, 72 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were examined and 148 polymorphisms were detected. Correlation analysis of GRA, genetic identity, Ft fiber quality and yield heterosis was conducted. Significant differences were observed between the two analytic methods, whereas compa- rable predictions were given for yield heterosis. GRA for yield exhibited slightly higher correlation than genetic identity analysis, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. GRA and genetic analysis exhibited overlapping yet dis- tinct advantages in heterosis prediction. Therefore, these analytical methods should be integrated to achieve the op- timal heterosis prediction and parent selection.