全新宝马1系技术亮点解读

2011年12月15日，宝马公司在深圳发布了以“设计套装”为理念的全新1系运动型两厢轿车。它将在紧凑型高档轿车市场中主打“个性化”。全新1系轿车采用了长轴距、长发动机舱、倾斜车顶线条以及乘员舱后移等设计，这些都是典型的宝马运动特质。与上一代车型相比，全新1系轿车的车身加长85mm，轴距增至2690mm，车身加宽17mm。

microRNAs and Alu elements in the p53-Mdm2-Mdm4 regulatory network

p53 is a transcription factor that governs numerous stress response pathways within the ceil. Maintaining the right levels of p53 is crucial for ceil survival and proper cellular homeostasis, The tight regulation of p53 involves many cellular components, most notably its major negative regulators Mdm2 and Mdm4, which maintain p53 protein amount and activity in tight check, microRNAs （miRNAs） are small non-coding RNAs that target specific mRNAs to translational arrest and degradation, miRNAs are also key compo- nents of the normal p53 pathway, joining forces with Mdm2 and Mdm4 to maintain proper p53 activity. Here we review the current knowledge of miRNAs targeting Mdm2 and Mdm4, and their importance in different tissues and in pathological states such as cancer. In addition, we address the role of Alu sequences-highly abundant retroelements spread throughout the human genome, and their impact on gene regulation via the miRNA machinery. Aius occupy a significant portion of genes＇ 31UTR, and as such they have the potential to impact mRNA regulation. Since Alus are primate-specific, they introduce a new regulatory layer into primate genomes. Atus can influence and alter gene regulation, creating primate-specific cancer-preventive regulatory mechanisms to sustain the transition to longer life span in primates. We review the possible influence of Alu sequences on miRNA functionality in general and specifically within the p53 network.

Low-ranking female Japanese macaques make efforts for social grooming

Grooming is essential to build social relationships in primates. Its importance is universal among animals from different ranks; however, rank-related differences in feeding patterns can lead to conflicts between feeding and grooming in low-ranking animals. Unifying the effects of dominance rank on feeding and grooming behaviors contributes to revealing the importance of grooming. Here, I tested whether the grooming behavior of low-ranking females were similar to that of high-ranking females despite differences in their feeding patterns. I followed 9 Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata adult females from the Arashiyama group, and analyzed the feeding patterns and grooming behaviors of low- and high-ranking females. Low-ranking females fed on natural foods away from the provision- ing site, whereas high-ranking females obtained more provisioned food at the site. Due to these differences in feeding patterns, low-ranking females spent less time grooming than high-ranking females. However, both low- and high-ranking females performed grooming around the provisioning site, which was linked to the number of neighboring individuals for low-ranking females and feeding on provisioned foods at the site for high-ranking females. The similarity in grooming area led to a range and diversity of grooming partners that did not differ with rank. Thus, low-ranking females can obtain small amounts of provisioned foods and perform grooming with as many partners around the provi- sioning site as high-ranking females. These results highlight the efforts made by low-ranking females to perform grooming and suggest the importance of grooming behavior in group-living primates.