中国现实主义美术“专业化”与“灵感性”的当代突破

中国现实主义美术的百年发展中,凡是取得艺术成功和突破的绘画作品,无不是"专业化"与"灵感性"的有机融合。本文以此为出发点,梳理出徐悲鸿、李可染、傅抱石、石鲁等不同风格的现实主义表现手法及特点,并分析其与盛唐绘画三大家风格上的对应性和异质同构关系。最终发现:绘画传统尤其形式风格就像基因密码,具有穿越千年代际的稳定性,为现实主义绘画的当代突破提供一个稳固的价值坐标和本真的艺术参照。

“新闻点子”的特点与生成规律

新闻点子很重要,活跃在新闻传播中.对此,人们有所研究①,但未尽其义,有待进一步深化. 所谓新闻点子,专指传播新闻的点子,经营管理新闻事业的点子不在其内.考证"点子",有两种含义:①主意,办法;②关键,要害.它是一种统称,指新闻传播者处置一切新闻传播业务的具体构想与方略,由一篇篇新闻作品体现出来;特指报道与评论新闻时那种高明的主意,乃至出人意料的绝招.

学生的学习心理与素描教学

素描是造型基础课,以“四写”（临摹、速写、写生、默写）的形式安排训练程序。教学中,学生展示的不仅是一幅作业,而且显示了他如何观察、如何思维、如何想象和如何表现的功力。所以,素描学习又是学生在写生过程中产生一系列心理活动的反映。由于这种技能的获得需很长时间,加之过程的复杂性、反复性和高度个体特征,增加了学习的难度。教师往往限于在现基本技能范围内思考排除学生的畏难情绪的对策和措施,忽略了形成过程中的心理学问题。大量的实例及心理学研究成果证明,素描学习决非眼睛与手对物象的简单复制,而是动力因素（动机、兴趣、意志）、认知因素（观察和思维、记忆、想象）和操作因素支配着整个过程。因此,探索素描教学的最优化途径和方法,以较少的时间和精力取得最佳的教学效果,成为研究学生素描学习心理的目的。 基于以上的思考,本文就高师美术专业习作性素描教学中学生的学习心理进行分析,以便教师更好地把握学生的心理状态,进行切合实际的指导。

浅谈艺术思维特征及美

把握艺术思维特征,是领略艺术完美的关键。

浅议创新性思维

1、创新性思维的无先兆性 学习型仿制人才是工业时代初、中期的科技发展的主力,它的思维特征是一种输入信息至大脑并进行储存,在需要的时候,对存储的信息有选择地加以显示的思维形式,这种思维形式通常称为记忆显现性思维.

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of Regional Marine Ecosystem Services Value

Marine ecosystem services are the benefits which people obtain from the marine ecosystem,including provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services and supporting services. The human species,while buffered against environmental changes by culture and technology,is fundamentally dependent on the flow of ecosystem services. Marine ecosystem services become increasingly valuable as the terrestrial resources become scarce. The value of marine ecosystem services is the monetary flow of ecosystem services on specific temporal and spatial scales,which often changes due to the variation of the goods prices,yields and the status of marine exploitation. Sensitivity analysis is to study the relationship between the value of marine ecosystem services and the main factors which affect it. Uncertainty analysis based on varying prices,yields and status of marine exploitation was carried out. Through uncertainty analysis,a more credible value range instead of a fixed value of marine ecosystem services was obtained in this study. Moreover,sensitivity analysis of the marine ecosystem services value revealed the relative importance of different factors.

Techniques for DFB Fiber Laser Based Accelerometer

A distributed feedback fiber laser based Bragg grating vibration sensor system is proposed.Demodulated by using an unbalanced M-Z interferometer,experiment demonstrates that the system runs at a sensing sensitivity of about 257.2 rad·s2/m and a resolution of 4.2×10-5 m/s2 for monitoring acceleration.Experimental results show that the phase-shift changes with the acceleration linearly.

Compare Quantum Operation Sensitivity for Different Distance Measures

In this paper, we compare the quantum operation sensitivity for different distance measures. We find that, among all usual distance measures, Bures fidelity is more sensitive to quantum operation than others. This may explain in some sense why fidelity is so useful in quantum information theory.

Sensitivity analysis for parameters of a monitoring system for steep slopes of open-pit mines

Monitoring the stability of steep slopes of open-pit mines is a major issue relating to production safety in mines.In order to determine the technical parameters of a new type of supervising system applied in monitoring steep slopes of open-pit mines,the MSARMA method was used to establish analytical models for the monitoring system,given various parameter settings based on the description of mechanical monitoring principles.We used this sensitivity analysis to conclude that the setting of the most sensitive location of a mechanical monitoring system should be within a range of 1/5～1/2 of the lower part in a vertical direction of steep slopes,with a rational and feasible range of the dip angle setting between 0°～20°.Given the analytical results of our on-site experiments,we have shown that the parameters determined reflect the stability of steep slopes accurately and effectively.These conclusions provide a basis for the application of a new type of steep slope stability monitoring technology in open-pit mines.

Neck-controlled sensitivity study on nano-grain SnO_2 gas sensors

The electrical potential inside a cylinder with a space charge layer is used to express the neck potential barrier of nano-SnO2 gas elements, and the neck-controlled sensitivity and the grain size effect are studied. It is shown that the sensing properties are influenced by the microstructural features, such as the grain size, the geometry and connectivity between grains, and that the neck controlled sensitivity alone is higher than the neck-grain controlled sensitivity and the difference between the neck controlled sensitivity and the neck-grain controlled sensitivity is large in the high sensitivity range for nano-SnO2 gas elements, which suggests a possible approach to the improvement of the sensitivity of a sensor by decreasing the number of necks of a nano-grain SnO2 gas element.

Improved ZiehI-Neelsen Microscopy： Bleach Sputum Smear Negative Specimens after Centrifugation

Background： Direct ZN （Ziehl-Neelsen） sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of TB （tuberculosis） has low sensitivity, especially in TB/HIV co-infected patients. Sputum concentration by bleach （NaOCI） with sedimentation has been used to increase the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy in many settings but with varying results. Objective： To determine whether bleach plus centrifugation significantly improves the detection of AFB （acid-fast bacilli） in ZN smear-negative sputum specimens. Methods： Three hundred and seventy sputum specimens were collected from new TB suspects attending a Nairobi referral district hospital and processed for direct microscopy using ZN technique and culture on Lowenstein Jensen Media. All smear-negative specimens were treated with 3.5% bleach and left to stand for 30 min before centrifugation. The bleach treated smears were processed and examined using ZN technique. Results： Of the 370 specimens, 200 （54%） were positive culture. The number of sputum samples that were smear-positive by direct ZN was 138 （37.2%）, with a sensitivity of 66%. After treatment of direct ZN smear-negative specimens with 3.5% bleach and centrifugation, the total number of AFB smear-positive samples increased to 171 with an increase in sensitivity of 66% to 81.1% （15.1%）. Conclusion： In this study, bleach with centrifugation significantly increased the yield of sputum smear microscopy. Further evaluation of these techniques in routine programmes is required especially in settings where the burden of TB/HIV is high.

教师采用“批注式”听课的点滴体会

有人把听课比作是“耳听六路，眼观八方”“好记性不如烂笔头”实质是在说作为听课的教师，要以欣赏、批判的眼光把“看、听、想、记”结合起来，那才是有效的听课。但作为听课者，每个人的记忆力和反思力又不同，光记不思考，课后再回顾，很难找到灵感性的东西，因此“批注式”听课便应运而生。

Study on Sensitivity Improving of Fiber Bragg Grating Based pH Sensor

The key factor of the sensitivity in the FBG-based pH sensor is analyzed in detail. A multi-thin-layer structure of the gel coated cover was proposed and implemented with a special process. The sensors with the coated thickness of 420 ~m, 500 ~m, and 580 ~m were built up, respectively. The corresponding spectral shifts of 0.08nm, 0.13nm, and 0.22nm were detected when the pH sensors were soaked in the pH value of 3-9. Meanwhile, the sensor with the gel layer thickness of 580 ~tm was measured in the optimum measurement time period with the pH value changing from 3-12, in which the detected sensitivity of 52pm/pH was achieved in the pH range of 6-12.

The CDF and its sensitivity analysis of stochastic structure with stochastic excitation by advanced stratified line sampling

For the stochastic structure with stochastic excitation, an advanced stratified line sampling (SLS) method is presented to obtain the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the structural response and its sensitivity. The advanced stratified line sampling method introduces a set of middle failure subsets firstly. And for each subset, the conventional line sampling can be used to obtain the corresponding value of the response's CDF. At the same time, the sensitivity estimations of each failure subset can also be computed by modifying the important direction and corresponding reliability coefficients. The properties of CDF sensitivity are proved while the performance function is linear with normal random variables. After two simple examples are used to demonstrate the properties of CDF sensitivity and the feasibility of the presented method, the method employed to analyze the CDF and corresponding sensitivity of root bending moment (RBM) responses for the stochastic BAH is wing with gust excitation to a square-edged gust and to a Dryden gust. The results show that the parameters of the second and the fifth order modals exert more influence on the CDF of response than the other ones, and the presented SLS method can more significantly reduce the computational cost compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).

Sensitivity and Performance of Cavity Optomechanical Field Sensors

This article describes in detail a technique for model!ng cavity optomechanical field sensors. A magnetic or electric field induces a spatially varying stress across the sensor, which then induces a force on mechanical eigenmodes of the system. The force on each oscillator can then be determined from an overlap integral between magnetostrictive stress and the corresponding eigenmode, with the optomechanical coupling strength determining the ultimate resolution with which this force can be detected. Furthermore, an optomechanical magnetic field sensor is compared to other magnetic field sensors in terms of sensitivity and potential for miniaturization. It is shown that an optomechanical sensor can potentially outperform state-of-the-art magnetometers of similar size, in particular other sensors based on a magnetostrictive mechanism.

Magnetically induced micropillar arrays for an ultrasensitive flexible sensor with a wireless recharging system

Significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the sensitivity and working range of flexible pressure sensors to improve the precise measurement of subtle variations in pressure over a wide detection spectrum. However,achieving sensitivities exceeding 1000 kPa^(-1) while maintaining a pressure working range over 100 kPa is still challenging because of the limited intrinsic properties of soft matrix materials. Here, we report a magnetic field-induced porous elastomer with micropillar arrays(MPAs) as sensing materials and a well-patterned nickel fabric as an electrode. The developed sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 10,268 kPa^(-1)(0.6–170 kPa) with a minimum detection pressure of 0.25 Pa and a fast response time of 3 ms because of the unique structure of the MPAs and the textured morphology of the electrode. The porous elastomer provides an extended working range of up to 500 kPa with long-time durability. The sophisticated sensor system coupled with an integrated wireless recharging system comprising a flexible supercapacitor and inductive coils for transmission achieves excellent performance. Thus, a diverse range of practical applications requiring a low-to-high pressure range sensing can be developed. Our strategy, which combines a microstructured high-performance sensor device with a wireless recharging system, provides a basis for creating next-generation flexible electronics.

Highly sensitive and selective two-photon sensing of cartap using Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles

A highly sensitive and selective two-photon sensing scheme for detection of cartap was developed by using Au@Ag bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles.Cartap was found to induce the aggregation of Au@Ag nanoparticles and up to 700-fold enhancement in two-photon photoluminescence.Huge enhancement in two-photon photoluminescence allows achieving a detection limit of as low as 0.0062 mg/kg,which is better than the conventional colorimetric methods.This two-photon sensing scheme has a broad dynamic range and displays excellent selectivity in detection of cartap against over other ten kinds of commonly used insecticides.