我国灾害防减基本法的框架设计

本文认为,灾害防减基本法的立法宗旨是及时发现突变征兆、尽量减慢量的积累以及全力弥补突变损耗;并以实证研究与比较分析的方法探求灾害防减立法框架,指出该框架应包括常设双重多级防灾组织体系、多元定期直列防灾方案系统、临时应急联动统筹指挥机制等,其重点应放在明确各级政府与国内企业的社会责任,保障灾害防减行动特别牺牲者的合法利益,从而形成国家统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责以及属地管理为主的灾害管理体制。

贵州省科技防灾减灾体制机制探析

充分认识科技防灾减灾的必要性与有效性,大力开展防灾减灾科普知识宣传与教育工作,培养全民科技防灾减灾意识,从体制机制建设入手,建立起符合省情实际需要的、科学完整的、有效的立体防控体系,对于完善我省科技防灾减灾体制机制,提高我省运用科技手段进行防灾减灾的能力与水平具有十分重要的意义。

试论我国生态文明建设的基本目标和基础工程

人口、资源、能源、环境、生态和灾害是自然界的最基本的物质力量,是影响和制约社会存在和发展的基本条件,其可持续性构成了一切持续性的基础。这样,维持和加强上述因子的可持续性就成为生态文明建设的基本目标和基础工程。我国生态文明建设的基本目标和基础工程是,建设一个人口均衡型社会、资源和能源节约型社会、环境友好型社会、生态安全型社会和灾害防减型社会。在此基础上,我们才能夯实生态文明的自然物质基础。

Analysis on the Influence of Meteorological Disasters on China Tourism Industry

Main meteorological disasters and their destruction on tourism landscape (including natural landscape and human landscape) were analyzed by using the methods of statistical analysis and cited examples, the impact of meteorological disasters on tourism brand, tourism decision, tourism transport, peak tourist season and the threat on tourism industry chain were studied, the main tourism meteorological disasters in North China, East China, Central China, Northeast Region, Southeast Region and Southwest Region were summarized, and some comprehensive measures of meteorological disaster for prevention and mitigation were put forward.

STUDY ON INDEX SYSTEM OF ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC DISASTER PERCEPTION IN THE WESTERN CHINA

The study on humanity response to global environment change is a new direction in the research of global change science, of which an important aspect is to study the adaptation strategies of human being to environmental changes in different regions. One reasonable and scientific adaptation strategy is based on not only scientific assessment of the impact of environmental change on society, but also correct estimation of the public perception of environmental change, whereas the research on the latter is terribly weak. This paper intends to understand the personality difference in public perception of environment in the western China primarily by establishing the assessment index system of nation environmental perception and analyzing the results of questionnaire survey in some regions of Shaanxi Province. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The state of public perception of disaster is one of the foundations of constituting and enforcing reasonable adaptation strategy to environmental change. 2) The personality differences of public perception of disaster appear as follows: female disaster perception is stronger than male;the order of disaster perception from strong to weak from the point of age characteristics is 20-30, 0-20, 40-50, 30-40, 50-60, 60 year old or over in turns; the order of disaster perception from strong to weak from the point of educational characteristics is senior high school, college, illiterate, junior high school, primary school, in turns; the order of disaster perception from strong to weak from the point of occupation characteristics is student, farmer, teacher, worker and functionary, in turns; the order of disaster perception from strong to weak from the point of habitat characteristics is city, countryside, towns, and metropolis in turns.

Analysis of Main Climatic Disasters in Rice Production in Changsha and its Strategies

According to the meteorological data from National Basic Meteorological Station in Changsha in recent 43 years and statistics of occurrence time and intensity of main meteorological disasters for rice in Changsha in recent 13 years,a comparison was conducted to the meteorological situations between the first 30 years and the last 13 years.Results indicated that the main meteorological disasters in rice production in Changsha showed an increasing occurrence tendency of high temperature damage,drought and cold-dew wind,but a decreasing occurrence tendency of low temperature,late spring cold,dry and hot wind,gale,hail,flood,cloudy and drizzly day.In the end,some corresponding strategies for preventing and reducing meteorological disasters in rice production were put forward.

Analysis on Characteristics of Seismic Damage of the Nepal M_S8.1 Earthquake in the Tibet Area of China

On April 25,2015,a M_S8. 1 earthquake occurred in Nepal. In the Tibet area of China,this earthquake caused heavy casualties and damage to housing,roads,communications,other lifeline engineering, water conservancy and other infrastructure. This paper introduces the basic situation of the earthquake,and based on the investigation and assessment of seismic intensity,the damage of the disaster area is analyzed,and building types and damage to the lifeline systems and various industries are given. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the earthquake disaster,this paper points out the existing problems in seismic fortification,and finally puts forward proposals for the prevention and control of earthquake geological disasters, scientific planning for the restoration and reconstruction,strengthening earthquake prevention and disaster reduction propaganda,improving the awareness of earthquake preparedness in the agricultural and pastoral areas,strengthening the guidance and supervision of housing construction in rural areas to reduce the casualties and losses,and promoting the harmonious development of economy in Tibet.

Recent researches on disaster prevention and mitigation in civil engineering

Disaster prevention and mitigation for civil engineering structures is an important research field. It involves disaster field forming mechanism, disaster dynamic responses and collapse analysis, disaster prevention and mitigation strategies, and so on. The recent researches and applications on disaster prevention and mitigation in civil engineering are commented, especially for the new researches published in Science China.