资料匮乏山丘区山洪灾害风险区划分

由于目前山洪灾害风险分析计算的方法大多来源于丰富的水文资料和山洪资料,不太适用于资料匮乏的北方山丘区,为此提出了适合资料匮乏地区山洪灾害风险图的计算及划分方法,旨在供我国北方资料匮乏地区的山洪灾害的风险分析参考。

洞庭湖垸内灾害风险区湖垸高效生态农业模式研究

为了协调好防灾减灾与农业可持续发展的关系,运用灾害学、循环经济学以及农业、林业、牧业、水产、生态、系统工程等学科交叉的理论与方法,将灾害防控技术体系、先进的农业生产方式及生产技术体系与高效生态农业结构的优化机理融为一体,设计了垸內居民区庭院循环经济型灭虫防病技术集成模式,垸内生产区水陆循环经济型血防治鼠避洪耐涝技术集成模式,并分别在典型区域进行了示范,试验表明:与传统生产方式相比,生态、经济、社会三大效益十分显著。同时认为,在建设好优势农产品生产基地的基础上,积极创造条件,发展与之相配套的商品服务体系和市场体系,促进粮、猪、油、麻、渔等产品的精、深加工,延伸产业链,增加产品附加值,提升模式的综合效益,进而推进湖垸农业产业化。

洞庭湖垸外灾害风险区湖洲高效生态农业模式研究

为了协调好防灾减灾与湖洲农业综合开发的关系,运用灾害学和循环经济学以及农业、林业、牧业、水产、生态、系统工程等学科交叉的理论与方法,将灾害防控技术体系、农业生产方式与高效生态农业结构的优化机理融为一体,设计了湖草洲畜、禽、鱼一体化开发的灭螺治鼠防洪技术集成模式,荻芦洲荻、芦、林、牧、农一体化开发的灭螺治鼠抗洪技术集成模式。并分别在典型区域进行了示范,试验表明:与传统农业生产方式相比,生态、经济、社会三大效益十分显著。同时致力于湖洲农业产业化,认为在建设好优势农产品生产基地的基础上,大力发展与之相配套的产品加工等商品服务体系和市场体系,促进荻、芦、林、牧等产品精、深加工,延伸产业链,提高产品附加值,从整体上提高湖洲高效生态农业模式的综合效益,使之成为湖区农业经济的新增长点。

美国海岸带灾害风险区管理撤退机制

海平面上升使得全球被迫搬家的人数可能会达到数亿,管理撤退逐步成为有效消除风险的首要选择,频繁、严重的海岸带灾害向传统“人定胜天”的防御思想提出了挑战。基于文献研究了美国海岸带灾害风险地区的管理撤退机制,通过对案例和法规的梳理阐述了管理撤退的重要性,总结了实施管理撤退的5类工具,包括规划、收购、监管、发展权转让、法律,探讨了撤退之后接收地区居民适应问题和撤退地区生态修复问题。

加强非工程措施 全面构筑现代防洪体系

随着我国改革开放的深入,国民经济的快速发展,市场经济体制和法制体系的逐步健全,人民物质与文化生活质量的不断提高,对防洪保安的要求也越来越高.同时,"人与自然和谐共处,实现经济社会可持续发展"这一新思想、新观念的提出,并且迅速得到广泛共识,充分反映出了时代的要求,它标志着社会的进步和我国经济社会已经进入了一个新的时代.我国的防洪事业要适应"人与自然和谐共处,实现经济社会可持续发展"这一新要求,必须解放思想,更新观念,开拓思路,努力创新,勇于实践,全面构筑现代防洪体系.

Risk assessment of water inrush in tunnels based on attribute interval recognition theory

Water inrush is one of the most serious geological hazards in underground engineering construction.In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of water inrush,a new attribute interval recognition theory and method is proposed to systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.Its innovation mainly includes that the value of evaluation index is an interval rather than a certain value;the single-index attribute evaluation model is improved non-linearly based on the idea of normal distribution;the synthetic attribute interval analysis method based on improved intuitionistic fuzzy theory is proposed.The TFN-AHP method is proposed to analyze the weight of evaluation index.By analyzing geological factors and engineering factors in tunnel zone,a multi-grade hierarchical index system for tunnel water inrush risk assessment is established.The proposed method is applied to ventilation incline of Xiakou tunnel,and its rationality and practicability is verified by comparison with field situation and evaluation results of other methods.In addition,the results evaluated by this method,which considers that water inrush is a complex non-linear system and the geological conditions have spatial variability,are more accurate and reliable.And it has good applicability in solving the problem of certain and uncertain problem.

Risk assessment of maize drought disaster in southwest China using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model

The East Asian monsoon has a tremendous impact on agricultural production in China. An assessment of the risk of drought disaster in maize-producing regions is therefore important in ensuring a reduction in such disasters and an increase in food security. A risk assessment model, EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model, for maize drought disasters based on the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator crop model is proposed for areas with the topographic characteristics of the mountainous karst region in southwest China. This region has one of the highest levels of environmental degradation in China. The results showed that the hazard risk level for the maize zone of southwest China is generally high. Most hazard index values were between 0.4 and 0.5,accounting for 47.32% of total study area. However,the risk level for drought loss was low. Most of the loss rate was ＆lt;0.1, accounting for 96.24% of the total study area. The three high-risk areas were mainlydistributed in the parallel ridge–valley areas in the east of Sichuan Province, the West Mountain area of Guizhou Province, and the south of Yunnan Province.These results provide a scientific basis and support for the reduction of agricultural drought disasters and an increase in food security in the southwest China maize zone.

Risk Assessment and Zoning of Agricultural Drought Disaster in Heilongjiang Province

In this study,we first zoned the drought degree in the years from 1971 to 2000 in Heilongjiang Province by using precipitation anomaly equation as an indicator,and analyzed the temporal distribution characteristics and laws of arid disaster in different periods.Using the method of human being habitat risk assessment,we further studied and zoned the drought disaster risk index(DDRI)of maize cultivated in 74 stations in Heilongjiang Province via GIS software.The results showed that(1)the occurrence frequency of moderate and heavy drought in Heilongjiang Province was 1970s>1990s>1980s,and(2)the high risk area of drought disaster for maize production mainly assembled in Qiqihar and Daqing regions in west Heilongjiang Province,where agricultural drought should be highly concerned,while low risk and slight risk areas mainly distribute in middle areas and east plain areas in Heilongjiang Province.Our study provided basis for the defense of agricultural drought disaster.

Implementation of Action Research to Challenge Poverty of Local Communities in Forest Protection Area

Forest land including forest protection areas in Indonesia have been degraded due to poverty of local communities who live in the surrounding areas. They tend to destroy the forest and are less attentive to forest conservation causing conflict between local community and government. Forest protection areas are very fragile and at risk from natural disaster, mainly in small islands. Natural resources management in small islands needs to be done properly. Therefore, a research has been done for local communities in the Gunung Sirimau forest protection area, Ambon, with objectives to increase income in local communities and knowledge of forest conservation. This study used the action research method. The results of this study showed that income of local communities in three demplots increased by IDR 3,966,000 （in cycle 1）, IDR 20,107,000 （in cycle 2） and IDR 25,897,000 （in cycle 3）. Unfortunately, their knowledge regarding forest conservation and tree maintenance, both in theory and practice is still low. A lot of effort is needed to increase their knowledge in the next action research. The effort to increase income of local communities and its knowledge of forest conservation should be done step by step. If their knowledge is sufficient, promotion of the environmental service of forest protection areas through carbon trade implementation can be carried out.

The Role of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions Institution:From the Perspective of the RiskSociety Theory

Earthquake disaster risk,as a typical social disaster risk,is one of the most important risks in modern Chinese society.This study gives definitions of the institution,describes the formation history,the connotations and development and analyzes its role in the control of major social risks caused by earthquakes.Finally,the paper presents recommendations for continuous improvement of this institution under the guidance of risk society theory,and for its application to the government reform and social governance.