血液标志物与胰腺外炎症CT评分对急性胰腺炎严重性早期预测的比较

目的:比较血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分(extrapancreatic inflammation on CT score,EPIC)对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)严重性的早期预测价值.方法:对2010-09/2011-09住院的96例AP患者首个24h内的临床、实验室及CT资料进行分析.临床上重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的标准为:死亡或持续器官衰竭及/或入住ICU,及/或手术治疗.对重症急性胰腺炎组及轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)组患者血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分进行t检验,血液标志物及EPIC预测AP严重性的相关性检验及预测AP严重性的ROC分析,并计算预测敏感性、阳性预测值及准确度.结果:MAP76例,SAP20例.重症患者的血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分均明显较轻症患者的大[白细胞:(15.16±5.06)×109/Lvs(11.05±1.76)×109/L,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值:18.95±12.13vs6.63±3.44,高敏C-反应蛋白:58.35mg/L±20.47mg/Lvs28.59mg/L±12.92mg/L,D-二聚体:1596.95μg/L±1409.05μg/Lvs412.52μg/L±316.66μg/L,胰腺外炎症CT评分:3.30±0.86vs1.50±0.96,P=0.000].白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的Spearman相关系数(rs)分别为0.419、0.571、0.568、0.434及0.61(P=0.000).白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分对AP严重性预测的曲线下面积分别为0.798(0.670-0.925)、0.906(0.830-0.981)、0.904(0.838-0.970)、0.808(0.638-0.938)以及0.917(0.851-0.983);预测敏感性分别为70.00%、85.00%、85.00%、75.00%及85.00%;阳性预测值分别为58.33%、73.91%、51.52%、48.39%及72.00%;预测准确度分别为83.33%、90.63%、80.21%、78.13%及90.63%.结论:白细胞及D-二聚体对AP严重性的预测价值中等,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白及胰腺外炎症CT评分的预测价值较高,其中中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和胰腺外炎症CT评分预测的准确度最高,胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的相关系数最大,其预测AP严重性的受试者曲线下面积最大.

MCTSI与EPIC评分对中至重度急性胰腺炎患者的严重程度及预后预测价值的研究

目的:探究修订版CT严重指数(MCTSI)和胰腺外炎症CT评分(EPIC)对中至重度急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的严重程度及预后的预测价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2024年1月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院平谷医院收治的82例中至重度AP患者,所有患者行腹盆部CT检查,并根据严重程度,将中度AP患者纳入中度组、重度AP患者纳入重度组,根据预后结局,将患者分为预后良好组、预后不良组,比较不同严重程度及不同预后患者的MCTSI评分、EPIC评分差异,采用Pearson分析法分析AP患者MCTSI评分、EPIC评分与疾病严重程度、预后的相关性,并使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析MCTSI评分、EPIC评分对AP严重程度和预后的预测效能。结果:中度组的MCTSI评分、EPIC评分均低于重度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组的MCTSI评分、EPIC评分均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AP患者MCTSI评分、EPIC评分与疾病严重程度、不良预后结局均呈正相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,MCTSI评分、EPIC评分两者联合预测重度AP及AP患者不良预后结局的曲线下面积(AUC)值均高于单独预测(P<0.05)。结论:MCTSI与EPIC评分均可用于中至重度AP患者的疾病严重程度及预后的预测,且两者联合诊断可有效提高预测效能,在AP患者的疾病进展和预后评估中具备一定参考价值。

中药导泻治疗重症急性胰腺炎的护理

对24例应用中药导泻治疗的重症急性胰腺炎进行系统性回顾。中药导泻治疗后病人舒适度增加,并发症减少。认为应用中药导泻治疗可预防和治疗肠道衰竭,减少重症急性胰腺炎的并发症,护理中应严格掌握灌入药液的温度、量并选择合适的灌入途径,以发挥其最大功效。

酒精性急性胰腺炎CRP浓度及EPIC评分特点与其严重性的关系

目的探讨酒精性急性胰腺炎（AAP）的血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）浓度及胰腺外炎症CT评分（EPIC）评分特点与胰腺炎严重性的关系。方法回顾性分析2010年1月~12月在我院住院的急性胰腺炎患者66例。AAP 24例,全为男性。非AAP 42例,男29例,女13例。患者入院24 h内进行血清hs-CRP浓度检测及腹部CT检查。结果 AAP组中男性明显较非AAP组多（100%vs69.05%,P=0.0065）。AAP患者年龄较非AAP患者年龄轻（41.58岁±8.30岁vs49.86岁±17.39岁,P〈0.05）,AAP患者血清hs-CRP浓度、EPIC评分均明显较非AAP患者高（54.19 mg/L±25.31 mg/Lvs32.04 mg/L±17.66 mg/L,P〈0.05;2.83±1.52vs1.38±1.45,P=0.0003）。AAP重症率为45.83%,非AAP重症率为9.52%,差异具有明显统计学意义（P=0.0021）。AAP患者中,重症患者的血清hs-CRP及EPIC评分均较轻症患者高,差异有统计学意义（63.88 mg/L±17.10 mg/Lvs45.95 mg/L±24.26mg/L,P=0.0435;4.18±0.40vs1.69±1.11,P〈0.05）。结论中青年男性是AAP的易感人群,AAP重症发生率较高,AAP患者血清hs-CRP浓度及EPIC均明显较非AAP患者高,而且AAP组中重症患者的血清hs-CRP浓度及EPIC评分明显较轻症的高。CRP浓度及EPIC评分能反映AAP严重性,可以作为AAP严重性判断的有效指标。

5种评分系统对急性胰腺炎病情预测价值比较

目的比较5种评分系统对急性胰腺炎病情的预测价值,为临床选择合适地预测急性胰腺炎病情的评分系统提供依据。方法分析113例急性胰腺炎患者的Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、CT严重程度指数(CTSI)评分和胰腺外炎症CT(EPIC)评分结果,绘制各评分系统预测患者轻重分型、局部并发症、全身并发症、器官衰竭的受试者工作特征曲线,并比较其曲线下面积(AUC)。结果 EPIC评分系统预测患者局部并发症的AUC高于Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分系统,CTSI评分系统高于Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分系统(P均<0.05)。APACHEⅡ评分系统预测患者器官衰竭的AUC高于CTSI评分系统(P<0.05)。5种评分系统预测患者轻重分型、全身并发症的AUC比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 EPIC评分、CTSI评分系统对急性胰腺炎局部并发症的预测价值较高,而APACHEⅡ评分系统对器官衰竭的预测价值较高。

EPIC联合NLR与BISAP早期预测急性胰腺炎严重性的比较

目的:比较联合胰腺外炎症CT评分(extropancreatic inflammation on abdominal computed tomography,EPIC)及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutropil-lymphocyte rate,NLR)与急性胰腺炎床旁严重指数(bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis,BISAP)早期预测急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)严重性的价值.方法:对2010-01/2014-04住院的358例AP患者资料进行分析.对所有患者进行EPIC、NLR、BISAP、改良Marshall及联合指标评分.联合指标评分为EPIC分数加上NLR得分(其中NLR≥7.345为1分,<7.345为0分).轻度AP划入轻症组,中度AP重度AP划入重症组.两组的EPIC、NLR、BISAP及联合指标评分进行t检验,采用Spearman检验评价各类指标评分与重症的相关性.对各类指标早期预测AP严重性的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)及敏感性、特殊性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数进行了研究.结果:358例AP中,重症55例(占15.363%,55/358),轻症303例(占84.637%,303/358).重症组的EPIC、NLR、BISAP及联合指标评分比轻症组的评分高,分别为4.200±1.393 vs 1.373±1.333,14.358±5.908 vs 7.929±4.514,2.655±0.985 vs 0.993±0.843,5.164±1.385 vs 1.819±1.493,所有P=0.000.EPIC、NLR、BISAP及联合指标评分与重症的相关系数分别为0.529、0.406、0.546及0.554,所有P=0.000.EPIC、NLR、BISAP及联合指标评分早期预测AP严重性的AUC分别为0.914(95%CI:0.867-0.961),0.825(95%CI:0.778-0.872),0.911(95%CI:0.863-0.960)及0.938(95%CI:0.900-0.975),所有P=0.000.BISAP及联合指标评分预测重症的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数分别为90.909%、80.528%、82.123%、45.872%、97.992%、0.714及85.455%、86.469%、86.313%、53.409%、97.037%、0.719.结论:联合EPIC及NLR指标简便易于获得,其早期预测AP严重性的曲线下面积较BISAP的预测面积大,与其他指标相比,其预测的重症AP的特异性及准确性较高.

APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分及EPIC评分对急性胰腺炎预后评价的比较——附198例报告

目的:比较急性生理学及慢性健康状况Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronichealth evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、Ranson评分及腹部CT胰腺外炎症(extrapancreaticinflammation on abdominal computed tomography,EPIC)评分预测急性胰腺炎(acute pancreati-tis,AP)预后的价值。方法:临床资料完整的AP患者198例,其中确诊为重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)60例,轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)138例,采用受试者工作特性曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分、EPIC评分预测AP的病情严重程度、并发症的价值。结果:198例患者中,SAP和MAP患者APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分、EPIC评分分值比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。EPIC评分标准判断SAP的敏感度、特异度最高,曲线下面积最大,且其预测局部并发症的曲线下面积最大,而APACHEⅡ评分预测全身并发症的曲线下面积最大。结论:对入院24 h内的AP患者,EPIC评分结合APACHEⅡ评分能有效预测其预后,而Ranson评分不具优势。

急性胰腺炎液体复苏的临床研究进展

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的发病机制复杂,发病率和死亡率高,是临床上常见的消化系统急危重病。急性胰腺炎初期通过补液维持胰腺的微循环以预防胰腺的坏死和器官衰竭是治疗急性胰腺炎的关键步骤。但目前治疗急性胰腺炎的补液时机,输注液体的类型,最佳补液速度以及补液途经等具体细节问题上尚无统一的治疗方案。因此,需要临床医师不断的探讨和研究。本文围绕急性胰腺炎潜在的病理生理改变,阐述液体复苏(fluid resuscitation,FL)的原理,讨论和综述近几年来取得的液体复苏(FL)的研究进展。

酒精性急性胰腺炎患者血清hs-CRP、NLR及EPIC评分与病情严重程度的相关性

目的:探讨酒精性急性胰腺炎(alcoholic acute pancreatitis,AAP)患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio,NLR)及胰腺外炎症CT评分(extra-pancreatic inflammation on CT,EPIC)特点及与病情严重程度的相关性.方法:选取2013-04/2014-04新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者106例,其中AAP患者44例作为观察组,非AAP患者62例作为对照组,所有患者入院24 h内进行血液检验及腹部CT检查,对比两组患者的血清hs-CRP水平、NLR及EPIC评分,分析3项指标与AAP病情严重性的相关性.结果:观察组男性患者比例、重症患者比例、血清hs-CRP水平、NLR及EPIC评分较对照组高,观察组患者年龄较对照组轻(均P<0.05);观察组中重症患者和轻症患者的血清hs-CRP水平分别为(65.45 mg/L±15.4mg/L vs 42.13 mg/L±13.76 mg/L)、NLR分别为(14.64±4.65 vs 7.12±2.75)及EPIC评分分别为(4.23分±0.54分vs 1.72分±0.2分),重症患者明显高于轻症患者(t=2.6522.903,2.886,均P<0.05).Spearman相关性分析结果显示:血清hs-CRP水平、NLR及EPIC评分与AAP严重性存在相关性(r=0.5390.626,0.507,均P<0.05).结论:AAP好发于中青年男性,其重症发生率高,血清hs-CRP水平、NLR及EPIC评分高于非AAP患者;AAP患者的血清hs-CRP水平、NLR及EPIC评分可以作为反应AAP严重性的有效指标.

Duodenal duplication cyst causing severe pancreatitis:Imaging findings and pathological correlation

We here report a case of a 18-year-old man with a history of recurrent abdominal pain and a previous episode of severe acute pancreatitis. Abdominal ultrasonography, contrast enhanced multislice computer tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cystic mass lesion. Only on delayed phase magnetic resonance images after GadoliniumBOPTA injection, it was possible to demonstrate the lesion's relationship with the biliary tree, differentiating the lesion from intraluminal duodenal diverticulum, and to achieve the diagnosis of duodenal duplication cyst, a recognized rare cause of acute pancreatitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology.

Pancreatitis: Preventing catastrophic haemorrhage

Pancreatitis represents nearly 3% of acute admissions to general surgery in United Kingdom hospitals and has a mortality of around 1%-7% which increases to around 10%-18% in patients with severe pancreatitis. Patients at greatest risk were those identified to have infected pancreatic necrosis and/or organ failure. This review seeks to highlight the potential vascular complications associated with pancreatitis that despite being relatively uncommon are associated with mortality in the region of 34%-52%. We examine the current evidence base to determine the most appropriate method by which to image and treat pseudo-aneurysms that arise as the result of acute and chronic inflammation of pancreas. We identify how early recognition of the presence of a pseudo-aneurysm can facilitate expedited care in an expert centre of a complex pathology that may require angiographic, percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical intervention to prevent catastrophic haemorrhage.

Pathophysiology of pulmonary complications of acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis in its severe form is complicated by multiple organ system dysfunction, most importantly by pulmonary complications which include hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and pleural effusion. The pathogenesis of some of the above complications is attributed to the production of noxious cytokines. Clinically significant is the early onset of pleural effusion, which heralds a poor outcome of acute pancreatitis. The role of circulating trypsin, phospholipase A2, platelet activating factor, release of free fatty acids, chemoattractants such as tumor necrsosis factor （TNF）- alpha, interleukin （IL）-1, IL-6, IL-8, fMet-leu-phe （a bacterial wall product）, nitric oxide, substance P, and macrophage inhlbitor factor is currently studied. The hope is that future management of acute pancreatitis with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung injury will be directed against the production of noxious cytokines.

Using the polymerase chain reaction coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to investigate the association between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in predicted acute severe pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the use of PCR and DGGE to investigate the association between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in predicted severe AP.METHODS: Patients with biochemical and clinical evidence of acute pancreatitis and an APACHE Ⅱ score ≥8 were enrolled. PCR and DGGE were employed to detect bacterial translocation in blood samples collected on d1,3, and 8 after the admission. Standard microbial blood cultures were taken when there was clinical evidence of sepsis or when felt to be clinically indicated by the supervising team.RESULTS: Six patients were included. Of all the patients investigated, only one developed septic complications;the others had uneventful illness. Bacteria were detected using PCR in 4 of the 17 collected blood samples. The patient with sepsis was PCR-positive in two samples (taken on d 1 and 3), despite three negative blood cultures. Using DGGE and specific primers, the bacteria in all blood specimens which tested positive for the presence of bacterial DNA were identified as E coli.CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed thatunlike traditional microbiological techniques, PCR can detect the presence of bacteria in the blood of patients with severe AP. Therefore, this latter method in conjunction with DGGE is potentially an extremely useful tool in predicting septic morbidity and evaluating patients with the disease. Further research using increased numbers of patients, in particular those patients with necrosis and sepsis, is required to assess the reliability of PCR and DGGE in the rapid diagnosis of infection in AP.

Study progress on mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with hepatic injury

Study on the action mechanism of inflammatory mediators generated by the severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） in multiple organ injury is a hotspot in the surgical field. In clinical practice, the main complicated organ dysfunctions are shock, respiratory failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, with the rate of hepatic diseases being closely next to them. The hepatic injury caused by SAP cannot only aggravate the state of pancreatitis, but also develop into hepatic failure and cause patient death, lts complicated pathogenic mechanism is an obstacle in clinical treatment. Among many pathogenic factors, the changes of vasoactive substances, participation of inflammatory mediators as well as OFR （oxygen free radical）, endotoxin, etc. may play important roles in its progression.

Protective effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide on renal injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide on renal injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: One hundred and eighty SD rats were randomly assigned to the model group, Baicalin-treated group, octreotide-treated group and sham operation group. The mortality, plasma endotoxin level, contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in serum, expression levels of renal Bax and Bcl-2 protein, apoptotic indexes and pathological changes of kidney were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. RESULTS: The renal pathological changes were milder in treated group than in model group. The survival at 12 h and renal apoptotic indexes at 6 h were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in treated group than in model group [66.67% vs 100%; 0.00 (0.02)% and 0.00 (0.04)% vs 0.00 (0.00)%, respectively]. The serum CREA content was markedly lower in octreotide-treated group than in model group at 3 h and 6 h (P < 0.01, 29.200 ± 5.710 μmol/L vs 38.400 ± 11.344 μmol/L; P < 0.05, 33.533 ± 10.106 μmol/L vs 45.154 ± 17.435 μmol/L, respectively). The expression level of renal Bax protein was not significantly different between model group and treated groups at all time points. The expression level of renal Bcl-2 protein was lower in Baicalin-treated group than in model group at 6 h [P < 0.001, 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 3.00 (3.00) grade score]. The Bcl-2 expression level was lower in octreotide-treated group than in model group at 6 h and 12 h [P < 0.05, 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 3.00 (3.00) grade score; 0.00 (0.00) grade score vs 0.00 (1.25) grade score, respectively]. The serum NO contents were lower in treated groups than in model group at 3 h and 12 h [P < 0.05, 57.50 (22.50) and 52.50 (15.00) μmol/L vs 65.00 (7.50) μmol/L; P < 0.01, 57.50 (27.50) and 45.00 (12.50) μmol/L vs 74.10 (26.15) μmol/L, respectively]. The plasma endotoxin content and serum BUN content (at 6 h and 12 h) were lower in treated groups than in model group. The contents of IL-6, ET-1, TNF-α (at 6 h) and PLA2 (at 6 h and 12 h) were lower in treated groups than in model group [P < 0.001, 3.031 (0.870) and 2.646 (1.373) pg/mL vs 5.437 (1.025) pg/mL; 2.882 (1.392) and 3.076 (1.205) pg/mL vs 6.817 (0.810) pg/mL; 2.832 (0.597) and 2.462 (1.353) pg/mL vs 5.356 (0.747) pg/mL; 16.226 (3.174) and 14.855 (5.747) pg/mL vs 25.625 (7.973) pg/mL; 18.625 (5.780) and 15.185 (1.761) pg/mL vs 24.725 (3.759) pg/mL; 65.10 (27.51) and 47.60 (16.50) pg/mL vs 92.15 (23.12) pg/mL; 67.91 ± 20.61 and 66.86 ± 22.10 U/mL, 63.13 ± 26.31 and 53.63 ± 12.28 U/mL vs 101.46 ± 14.67 and 105.33 ± 18.10 U/mL, respectively]. CONCLUSION: Both Baicalin and octreotide can protect the kidney of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. The therapeutic mechanisms of Baicalin and octreotide might be related to their inhibition of inflammatory mediators and induction of apoptosis. Baicalin might be a promising therapeutic tool for severe acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis at the beginning of the 21st century: The state of the art

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas which can lead to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality in 20% of patients. Gallstones and alcohol consumption are the most frequent causes of pancreatitis in adults. The treatment of mild acute pancreatitis is conservative and supportive; however severe episodes characterized by necrosis of the pancreatic tissue may require surgical intervention. Advanced understanding of the pathology, and increased interest in assessment of disease severity are the cornerstones of future management strategies of this complex and heterogeneous disease in the 21st century.

Severe acute pancreatitis: Clinical course and management

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.

Experimental study of therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control group, Baicalin treatment group, octreotide treatment group and sham operation group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 h, 6 h and 12 h groups with 15 rats in each group. The survival, ascites volume and pathological changes of pancreas in all rats were observed at different time points after operation. The plasma amylase content and serum TNF-α, IL-6, malonaldehyde （MDA） and PLA2 contents were also determined. RESULTS： The survival was not obviously different between the treated groups, and was significantly higher in treated groups at 12 h compared to the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 15 vs 10）. The ascites/body weight ratio at 3 h and 6 h was significantly lower in Baicalin treatment group compared to the model control group and octreotide treatment group （P 〈 0.05, 1.00 vs 2.02 and 1.43 and P 〈 0.001, 2.29 （1.21） vs 2.70 （0.80） and 2.08 （2.21）, respectively）. The contents of amylase, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and PLA2 were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 4342 vs 5303, 5058 vs 6272 in amylase, P 〈 0.01, 21.90 vs 36.30, 23.80 vs 39.70, 36 vs 54.35 in MDA and 56.25 vs 76.10 in PIA2, or P 〈 0.001, 65.10 and 47.60 vs 92.15 in TNF-α, 3.03 vs 5.44, 2.88 vs 6.82, 2.83 vs 5.36 in IL-6, respectively）. The pathological scores of pancreas in the treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 9.00 vs 10.05, 6.00 vs 9.00, 8.00 vs 10.05）, but no marked difference was found between the treated groups. CONCLUSION： The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. The Baicalin injection is also cheap and has a big application range, quite hopefully to be used in clinical treatment of SAP.

Induction of apoptosis by artemisinin relieving the severity of inflammation in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

AIM： To observe the apoptosis and oncosis of pancreatic acinar cells and secondary inflammatory reaction in pancreatic tissue from rats with acute pancreatitis （AP）, and the influences of artemisinin on them.METHODS： AP was induced by 4 intraperitoneal iojections of caerulein at 1 h intervals. To induce apoptosis, solution of artemisinin （50 mg/kg） was given intraperitoneally 1, 12, 24 and 36 h after the last caerulein injection. Histological examination of impairment of pancreatic tissue and detection of serum amylase were performed to evaluate the severity of acute pancreatitis. Apoptosis and oncosis were detected with acridine orange （AO） and ethylene dibromide （EB） staining. Caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） activation was detected by flow cytometry. Macrophage inflammatory protein-lα（MIP-1α） protein was measured by Western blot. Interleukin- 1β（IL-1β） mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS： Addition of artemisinin increased the number of apoptotic cells （11.7%±1.4% vs 6.3%± 0.7%, P 〈 0.05）, while reduced the number of oncotic cells （13.0% ±2.4% vs 17.5%±2.2%, P 〈 0.05）. The activity of caspase-3 speeded up （1.52±0.21 vs 1.03±0.08, P 〈 0.05）, the pancreas pathological impairment was relieved （3.0±0.5 vs 4.0± 0.5, P 〈 0.05） and the level of serum amylase decreased （5642±721 U/dL vs 7821±653 U/dL, P 〈 0.05）. The activation of NF-1α （29%±4.1% vs 42%±5.8%）, MIP-1α protein （3.7±0.5 vs 5.8±0.7）,MPO （0.52±0.06 U/g vs 0.68±0.09 U/g）, IL-1β mRNA （1.7 ±0.3 vs 2.4 ±0.4） in the apoptosis inducing group was obviously decreased （P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Inducing apoptosis can relieve pathological impairment and inflammatory reaction in AP rats.