乌梅炭品中有机酸含量的测定

目的通过测定不同炮制程度的乌梅炭品的柠檬酸、苹果酸、熊果酸和齐墩果酸等4种有机酸含量，确定比较具有专属性的标准炭有机酸含量与生品有机酸含量的比值。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定不同炮制程度的乌梅炭品的柠檬酸、苹果酸、熊果酸和齐墩果酸等4种有机酸含量，比较具有专属性的标准炭有机酸含量与生品有机酸含量的比值。结果乌梅标准炭的有机酸含量大约占该生品含量的34％～37％。结论随着乌梅炒制时间的增加，炭品的有机酸含量呈明显的递减趋势。

乌梅及其炭品质量标准检查项下的初步研究

目的:对乌梅及其炭品水分、灰分及酸不溶性灰分、重金属、农药残留量、砷盐进行研究,确定其质量标准。方法:以甲苯法测定水分,马福炉灰化法测定灰分及酸不溶性灰分,比色法测定重金属,亚铁氰化银试纸法测定有机氯农药残留量,PR2000A型速测仪法测定有机磷农药残留量,古蔡氏法测定砷盐量。结果:初步定出限量。结论:可控制其质量。

贵州苗药翠云草生品及炒炭品质量标准研究

目的:通过对10批次翠云草生品及炒炭品质量进行研究,建立其质量标准。方法:对10批次翠云草饮片进行了显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、总黄酮测定等研究,进行分析评价。结果:建议翠云草生品饮片的质量标准中水分不得过11.0%,总灰分不得过13.0%,酸不溶性灰分不得过5.0%,醇溶性浸出物不得少于20.0%,总黄酮不得低于1.4%;炒炭品中水分不得过9.0%,总灰分不得过20.0%,酸不溶性灰分不得过6.3%,醇溶性浸出物不得少于17.0%,总黄酮不得低于1.4%。结论:初步建立了翠云草饮片量化质控标准评价体系。

大蓟生品及炭品中多糖不同提取方法的比较

目的:通过对几种不同的提取多糖方法的比较研究,寻找提取大蓟生品及炭品多糖效果较好的方法。方法:分别采用水提醇沉法、醇提除杂法、超声辅助法、碱提取法对中药大蓟生品及炭品进行提取,用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量。结果:生品多糖4种方法测定的结果分别为1.587%,1.908%,2.283%,0.112%;炭品多糖测定的结果分别为2.142%,0.425%,2.302%,2.343%。结论:大蓟生品的多糖提取方法是超声辅助法提取的多糖含量较高,差异显著。大蓟炭的多糖提取方法是醇提除杂法提取的多糖含量较高,差异显著。

棕榈及其制炭品的药理作用比较

本文对棕榈及其炮制品进行了血小板聚集,血液粘度、凝血时间及复钙四个药理指标的实验观察,结果表明,以烫棕炭作用尤为显著。

饮用水深度处理中活性炭的筛选试验研究

目前国内生产的适合于不同水源水质的饮用水处理的活性炭品种较多，性能不一。研究表明，用作饮用水深度处理的活性炭的选炭工作至关重要，要针对所处理的水质进行吸附等温线测定、动态吸附柱试验和对实际有机物的去除效果试验测定后经综合分析、合理评定才能选择确定合适的活性炭，而不能单采用碘值及亚甲蓝值。

蒲黄、蒲黄炭与五灵脂配伍对血瘀模型大鼠血小板参数的影响

目的:考察蒲黄、蒲黄炭分别与五灵脂配伍对血瘀模型大鼠血小板参数的影响。方法:以云南白药为阳性药,空白组与模型组灌胃0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液,云南白药组与生品复方、炭品复方高(7.2 g·kg-1)、中(3.6 g·kg-1)、低(1.8 g·kg-1)剂量组灌胃相应的药物,连续给药7 d,第7天给药后皮下注射肾上腺素加冰水浸泡,复制大鼠急性血瘀模型,采用Born比浊法测定盐酸肾上腺素(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率,采用ELISA法测定血淤模型大鼠血浆中TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血小板聚集率显著提高(P<0.01),TXB2显著增加(P<0.01),6-keto-PGF1α显著减少(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,阳性药可显著抑制血瘀模型大鼠血小板聚集率(P<0.01),使TXB2显著减少(P<0.01),6-keto-PGF1α显著增加(P<0.01);生品复方高、中、低剂量组可显著抑制血瘀模型大鼠血小板聚集率(P<0.01,P<0.05);炭品复方高剂量组可显著促进血瘀模型大鼠血小板聚集率(P<0.01);生品复方高、中、低剂量组,炭品复方中、低剂量组均能使血瘀模型大鼠TXB2显著减少,6-keto-PGF1α显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与相同剂量下蒲黄炭品复方比较,蒲黄生品复方使血瘀模型大鼠TXB2显著减少,6-keto-PGF1α显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:蒲黄生品复方高、中、低剂量组,炭品复方低剂量组均可抑制血瘀模型大鼠的血小板聚集率,改善血浆中TXB2、6-keto-PGF1水平,从而表现出一定的活血作用,且相同剂量下生品复方作用优于炭品复方。炭品复方中、高剂量组可提高血瘀模型大鼠的血小板聚集率,这与蒲黄生品行血,炒炭后活血作用减弱的传统炮制理论相符合,为蒲黄在临床上的生熟异用提供了一定的参考。

略谈炭药与鲜药的临床应用

近年来,作为各级中医院的药房,中药干品逐渐备全,而炭药、鲜药仍得不到重视。凡处方中开出的炭药、鲜药,皆以干药代之。导致这种局面发生的原因是多方面的,但笔者认为最主要的原因,在于当前的临床中医药人员,对炭药、鲜药在临床用药中的地位、作用缺乏足够的认识。本文着重对炭药、鲜药在杂病、温病临床上应用思路作如下论述,以期能够引起中医药人员对这一问题的重视。

Effects of Biochar on Tobacco-planting Soil Improvement and Tobacco Quality in Mudanjiang Area

This study was conducted to study the feasibility of biochar in soil im- provement and tobacco quality. The black soil in NinganCountry of Mudanjiang was used as the material in this study, and the effects of biochar on tobacco-planting soil C/N, soil microorganisms, the development of tobacco, and chemical compo- nents and neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco werestudied. The results showed that the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 could increase soil C/N by 31.79%, and the quantity of actinomycetes in the soil was 3.8 times as much as that in control. The growth wasobviously better after biochar application, plant height and effective leaf number were significantly higher than those ofcontrol, but total sugar and nicotine were not significantly different. The application of biochar at a rate of 1 200 kg/hm2 increased the potassium content by 11%, the application of biochar at a rate of 2 400 kg/hm2 improved total sugar content by 5.40%, and the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 made the tobacco solanone content 1.97 times as that of control. Comprehensive studies showed that the application of biochar 1 200-1 800 kg/hm2 could improvesoilenvironment, and promote tobacco growth and quality.

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on three activated carbon samples:Effect of pore structure

To investigate the influence of the activated carbon pore structure on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, three commercial activated carbon samples were chosen. The fixed-bed thermostatic adsorption experiments were conducted under certain conditions, where toluene, acetone, and 1, 2-dichloroethane acted as adsorbents. Then, the incidence relation between the experimental results and the activated carbon pore structure was analyzed. After that, the results of the correlation analysis were verified in accordance with fractal theory and adsorption characteristic curve analysis. The results show that the pore diameter gradient is helpful for strengthening the intemal diffusion. Under the same condition, the adsorption of organic gases tends to be selective, and the positions of toluene, acetone and 1, 2-dichloroethane adsorbed on the activated carbon are mainly in the ranges of 1.27-1.49 nm, 0.67-0.84 nm and 1.39-1.75 nm, respectively. The relationship between adsorption capacity and activated carbon pore volume can accurately explain the spreading process of the adsorbents in the activated carbon.

A review of state-of-the-art processing operations in coal preparation

Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining, pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture which hinder the value of the coal product. Coal preparation plants typically employ several parallel circuits of cleaning and dewatering operations, with each circuit designed to optimally treat a specific size range of coal. Recent innovations in coal preparation have increased the efficiency and capac- ity of individual unit operations while reinforcing the standard parallel cleaning approach. This article, which describes the historical influences and state-of-the-art design for the various coal preparation unit operations, is organized to distinguish between coarse/intermediate coal cleaning and fine/ultrafine coal cleaning. Size reduction, screening, classification, cleaning, dewatering, waste disposal unit operations are particularly highlighted, with a special focus on the LI.S. design philosophy. Notable differences between the U.S. and international operations are described as appropriate.

Effects of coal prices on merchandise prices in China

Coal is the principal form of energy used in China. Hence, coal price variations are expected to have some influence on merchandise prices. Monthly data from January, 2002, to October, 2010, were used to construct a varying-parameter state space model, and an error correction model, to estimate the influence of coat prices on Chinese merchandise prices. The time lag and the dynamic relationship were determined from the data. A long term equilibrium relationship between coal price and the PPI, and the CPI, can be observed. The long term influence of coal price fluctuations on the PPI is 0.263%. The corresponding value for the CPI is 0.157%. The PPI shows an influence from coal price change in the first period of observation： by eight periods the influence is obvious, after which it diminishes. The effect of coal price change on the CPI is rather weak and has no long term memory. Analysis of variance shows a similar situation. The elas- ticity coefficient of coal prices on the CPI, or the PPI, fluctuates over the 2002-2004 period. From 2002 to 2007 the influence elasticity on the CPI declined and subsequently levelled off after 2009.

The research of mine rock burst hazard identification based on fault tree analysis

In order to identify the rock burst hazard in coalmine and thus to give a credible forecast, firstly, analyzed such effect factors as natural geological factors and mining technological conditions based on the investigation of more than one hundred mine rock burst cases. Secondly, adopted the fault tree analysis （FTA） technology to the mine rock burst hazard identification for the first time and confirmed twelve kinds of basic events, that is, the large mining depth, the burst-orientation coal seams, the solid strata of roof and bottom, near the faults with bigger fall, the folds, the change of seam thickness, other regional tectonics transformation or stress strip, the drilling, blasting and extracting operation, the unscientific extracting methods, the illogical extracting sequence, the residual pillars and the too close distance between the working face and the residual areas or the stopping extracting lines. Moreover, worked out the fault tree of mine rock burst. At last, it made qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and forecasted the rock burst hazard according to the characteristic of geologic structure and exploitation technology conditions in certain mine of Shandong Province, China, the rock burst accidents happened in the following exploitation validated that it is of feasibility and veracity adopting FTA to identify the mine rock burst hazard.

RESEARCH ON THE QGS2020 TYPE PIANO-WIRE PROBABILITY SCREEN

Integrating the probability screen with the piano-wire screen, the authors developed the QGS2020 type piano-wire probability screen (PWPS), a new screen which has a large capacity, high efficiency, and no blinding. The results of the indus trial tests show that this screen is suitable for dry sCreening the fine particles from high-moisture raw coal. This paper describes the operation principles, the structure features and the mechanical model of the QGS2020 type PWPS, and also includes data from industrial tests.

基于UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS辨识的侧柏叶炒炭前后化学成分分析

目的:对侧柏叶炒炭前后化学成分进行辨识。方法:采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法(UHPLCQTOF-MS/MS)对侧柏叶及其制备的侧柏炭进行化学成分辨识和比较,色谱条件为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱(0~3.5 min,5%~15%B;3.5~6 min,15%~30%B;6~6.5 min,30%B;6.5~12 min,30%~70%B;12~12.5 min,70%B;12.5~18 min,70%~100%B;18~22 min,100%B),进样量5μL,流速0.4 mL·min^(-1);质谱条件为电喷雾离子源,正、负离子全扫描模式采集一、二级质谱数据。利用自建二级质谱数据库及相应裂解规律匹配法对含有MS/MS数据的色谱峰进行物质鉴定。结果:正、负离子模式分别辨识出了77,76种变化趋势一致的物质,侧柏叶炒炭后消失的成分基本为氨基酸类、酮醛等易挥发性成分,而新产生成分包括6种黄酮苷元类(鼠李素,3,6,3’-三羟基黄酮,6,7,3’-三羟基黄酮,4’-羟基-2’-甲基-3,4,5-三甲氧基查尔酮,草质素,3’,5’-二甲氧基-3,5,7,4’-四羟基黄酮),3种香豆素类(7-羟基香豆素,7,8-二羟基香豆素和8-乙酰基-7-羟基香豆素)及3种苯甲酸类(3-甲基苯邻二酚、邻苯二酚、色酮-3-甲酸)。其中辨识出的化学物质中共计黄酮类成分40种(槲皮苷、槲皮素、山柰酚等)。结论:侧柏叶炒炭后化学成分发生了明显的量变和质变,辨识出的主要有效成分黄酮类可为侧柏叶炒炭前后功效变化物质基础的确定提供依据。

Investigations on the Thermodynamic Stability and Availability of Nutrients for Plants by Humic Substances Extracted from Peat Samples

This work evaluated the complexation capacity, exchange constants and availability of micronutrients for plants and humic substances extracted from peat samples. Samples of humic substances extracted from two tropical peats （HS-P1 and HS-P2） were enriched with the micronutrients Cu（II）, Co（II）, Fe（II）, Mn（II）, Ni（II） and Zn（II） and the parameters for formation of the complexes （HS-N） were evaluated at different pH. The Scatchard model was used to calculate the maximum complexation capacity and the nutrient availability was studied using exchange capacity experiments based on ultrafiltration procedure. The optimum pH for complexation was 4.5 and the order of affinity was： Fe（II） 〉 Cu（II） 〉 Co（II） 〉 Mn（II） = Ni（II） 〉 Zn（II）. The maximum complexation capacity reached 56.8 mg·g-1 Fe of HS-P1 （the highest） and 1.7 mg.g1 Zn of HS-P2 （the slightest）. The exchange experiments showed that HS-P-Fe complexes were formed preferentially. The least stable complex was formed with Zn, which was therefore, more easily available. The results contribute to understand the behavior and availability of some nutrients in soils.

Selection of leading industries for coal resource cities based on coupling coordination of industry's technological innovation

Taking the city of Qitaihe is as an example in order to provide practical methods for the selection of leading industries for coal resource cities, this paper establishes the specific operation scheme for selection of leading industries according to the actual situation of coal resource cities based on the theory of coupling coordination together with the coupling coordination for technological innovation. The results show that the degree for coupling coordination of the technological innovation for each alternative industry differentiates with the development of coal resource cities. For example, the average degree of food processing industry from agricultural produce is 0.9. Therefore, coal resource cities should develop some industries related to coal industry, such as coking industry, some chemical and medicines industry and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing, in the near future, however, some industries with greater market and influence potentials and low carbon emissions should be attached much importance to in the future.

Characterizations of Abandoned Peatlands from Acadian Peninsula： Agro-ecologic and Environmental Value-Added Alternatives

In the northeast region of New Brunswick, the majority of peatlands are mainly used for horticultural purposes. Abandoned peatlands after peat extraction could represent one of the most important ecological resources through their remaining substrates： serving as agronomic, ecological or environmental value-added support to local development; and giving a second economic life to peatlands. To evaluate this innovative peat soil management, a study was conducted on three residual peatlands from the Acadian Peninsula. Their status was described through a physic-chemical characterization. The results suggest that the peat thickness and the mineral horizon characteristics are good indicators to identify these post-harvest peat soils. The studied sites were characterized by a flat topography, poor and unequal drainage inducing a variation of the water table level. The peat thickness ranged from 18 cm to 40 cm, while the thickness of the mineral horizon--mostly sandy--ranged between 20 cm and 30 cm. The chemical properties revealed an electrical conductivity above 50 μS·cm^-1, an acid pH, and a variable cation exchange capacity （1.3 cmolc·kg^-1 to 11.4 cmolc·kg^-1）. This preliminary study gives basic knowledge on Acadian Peninsula abandoned peatlands soils and gives information about the conditions of their agro-economic, ecological and/or environmental management.