[Objective] The aim was to detect effects of biochar on soil enzyme activity and mechanism. [Method] Soils were sampled from experimental fields of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and added with charcoals in d...[Objective] The aim was to detect effects of biochar on soil enzyme activity and mechanism. [Method] Soils were sampled from experimental fields of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and added with charcoals in different types in order to analyze dynamic changes of alkaline phosphatase and cellulase activities and effects of charcoals on soil enzyme activities. [Result] By applying charcoal, enzyme activity of soil samples all improved and the increase degree was higher of alkaline phosphatase than cellulase activity. Mid-temperature charcoal at 8% is the best. [Conclusion] The research provides references for effects of biochar on physi- cal and chemical properties.展开更多
In this study, the rice straw was hydrolysed by using 3.0% （w/v） H2SO4 followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rice straw hydrolysate obtained was treated with charcoal powder and the optimal condition of detoxificati...In this study, the rice straw was hydrolysed by using 3.0% （w/v） H2SO4 followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rice straw hydrolysate obtained was treated with charcoal powder and the optimal condition of detoxification with charcoal powder was investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for detoxification was the use of 2.5 grams of non-sterilized charcoal powder in 100 mL hydrolysate. The mixture was operated at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 5 min. The detoxified hydrolysate was then used for ethanol production using P. stipitis TISTR 5806. The condition of the detoxified hydrolysate fermentation which gave maximum ethanol concentration of 21 g/L was at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 72 h. Without detoxification, the P. stipitis TISTR 5806 could not however utilize the hydrolysate for ethanol production.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of the...This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanxi Province Soft Science Research Program(2014041020-2)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to detect effects of biochar on soil enzyme activity and mechanism. [Method] Soils were sampled from experimental fields of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and added with charcoals in different types in order to analyze dynamic changes of alkaline phosphatase and cellulase activities and effects of charcoals on soil enzyme activities. [Result] By applying charcoal, enzyme activity of soil samples all improved and the increase degree was higher of alkaline phosphatase than cellulase activity. Mid-temperature charcoal at 8% is the best. [Conclusion] The research provides references for effects of biochar on physi- cal and chemical properties.
文摘In this study, the rice straw was hydrolysed by using 3.0% （w/v） H2SO4 followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rice straw hydrolysate obtained was treated with charcoal powder and the optimal condition of detoxification with charcoal powder was investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for detoxification was the use of 2.5 grams of non-sterilized charcoal powder in 100 mL hydrolysate. The mixture was operated at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 5 min. The detoxified hydrolysate was then used for ethanol production using P. stipitis TISTR 5806. The condition of the detoxified hydrolysate fermentation which gave maximum ethanol concentration of 21 g/L was at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 72 h. Without detoxification, the P. stipitis TISTR 5806 could not however utilize the hydrolysate for ethanol production.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.
