Aluminum 5052(Al 5052)-stainless steel 316(SS 316)plates were explosively cladded with Al 1100,pure copper and SS 304 interlayers.The operational parameters viz.,standoff distance,explosive mass ratio(mass ratio of th...Aluminum 5052(Al 5052)-stainless steel 316(SS 316)plates were explosively cladded with Al 1100,pure copper and SS 304 interlayers.The operational parameters viz.,standoff distance,explosive mass ratio(mass ratio of the explosive to the flyer plate)and inclination angle were varied and the results were presented.The advent of interlayer relocates the lower boundary of the welding window,and enhances the welding regime by 40%.A triaxial welding window,considering the influence of the third operational parameter,was developed as well.Use of interlayer transforms the continuous molten layer formed in the traditional Al 5052-SS 316 explosive clad interfaces into a smooth interface devoid or with a slender presence of intermetallic compounds.The microhardness,ram tensile and shear strengths of the interlayered clads are higher than those of the traditional explosive clads,and the maximum values are witnessed for stainless steel interlaced Al 5052-SS 316 explosive clads.展开更多
Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensifie...Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence？ This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual （biological）, collective （socio-cultural）, and planetary （cosmological）. The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.展开更多
As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known his...As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known history. There is an urgent need for research and education to focus on the complex and direct link between ionizing radiation and its irreversible impact on the environment. Hence, nuclear energy and ionizing radiation issues can no longer be viewed in isolation. Historical facts and official reports prove that a code of ethics did not previously exist in nuclear industry： the risks of ionizing radiation are too great and unpredictable. Elimination of existing man-made ionizing radiation sources in this century is untenable and unsustainable. The intent of this paper is to review and demonstrate that ＇Atoms for Peace＇ is a false and unethical enterprise, and offers insights into the social and ethical aspects of ionizing radiation as a result of nuclear power development. The unethical nature of nuclear weapons, along with risk perception and ethical dilemmas of atom for peace, nuclear weapon tests, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the International Court of Justice＇s opinion and the World Economic Forum-Global Risk Landscape will be discussed.展开更多
After the Tianjin Port 8.12 explosion, an enormous amount of potassium dichromate （K2Cr2O7） and butanone （CH3COCH2CH3） leaked into the coastal soil-groundwater system, which potentially threatened the environment ...After the Tianjin Port 8.12 explosion, an enormous amount of potassium dichromate （K2Cr2O7） and butanone （CH3COCH2CH3） leaked into the coastal soil-groundwater system, which potentially threatened the environment and human health. Determining the transport process of hazards is necessary to establish guidelines for remediating the contaminated area. This work aims to investigate the migration of potassium dichromate and butanone in the coastal soil-groundwater system through a coupling unsaturated-saturated numerical model, incorporating the HYDRUS model into the MODFLOW/ MT3D model. In the unsaturated zone, two-dimensional HYDRUS model was applied, and its recharge flux at the bottom boundary was utilized as the input of MODFLOW/MT3D model in the saturated zone. Results showed that Cr2O^（2-）7 migrated much faster than butanone in the unsaturated zone and reached the water table in about 1 year. In comparison, butanone was unlikely to enter the aquifer even 5 years later with a migration depth of about 2.2 m. Driven by groundwater, the Cr2O^（2-）7 that entered the aquifer migrated about 161 m toward southeast 5 years later. In the saturated zone, the contamination plume covered mainly the southeast area due to the groundwater flow direction.展开更多
This discussion paper is an attempt to consider new ideas about the nature of explosive phenomena of the meteorite bodies in the Earth＇s atmosphere. Authors attract approaches, based on the concepts of physics of com...This discussion paper is an attempt to consider new ideas about the nature of explosive phenomena of the meteorite bodies in the Earth＇s atmosphere. Authors attract approaches, based on the concepts of physics of combustion, explosion and detonation in order to explain the explosive collapse of the meteorite. Authors believe that the meteorite explosion may be the result of gas-detonation mechanism of overheated meteoric bodies explosive boiling-up （the ＂vapor explosion＂）, accompanied by the formation of a supersonic front of shock wave. The considered hypothesis regarding the role of the ＂vapor explosion＂ in geological disasters can be used to explain the mechanisms of explosive phenomena in Volcanology： （1） With respect to the description of nature of phreatic eruptions; （2） for interpretation of dynamic regularities of the volcano crater opening and the subsequent shock-wave emission of steam-gas ＂fountain＂ to a height of several kilometers with fragments of magma and rocks as a result of the ＂vapor explosion＂ of overheated magma mass under the dome of the volcano.展开更多
文摘Aluminum 5052(Al 5052)-stainless steel 316(SS 316)plates were explosively cladded with Al 1100,pure copper and SS 304 interlayers.The operational parameters viz.,standoff distance,explosive mass ratio(mass ratio of the explosive to the flyer plate)and inclination angle were varied and the results were presented.The advent of interlayer relocates the lower boundary of the welding window,and enhances the welding regime by 40%.A triaxial welding window,considering the influence of the third operational parameter,was developed as well.Use of interlayer transforms the continuous molten layer formed in the traditional Al 5052-SS 316 explosive clad interfaces into a smooth interface devoid or with a slender presence of intermetallic compounds.The microhardness,ram tensile and shear strengths of the interlayered clads are higher than those of the traditional explosive clads,and the maximum values are witnessed for stainless steel interlaced Al 5052-SS 316 explosive clads.
文摘Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence？ This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual （biological）, collective （socio-cultural）, and planetary （cosmological）. The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.
文摘As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known history. There is an urgent need for research and education to focus on the complex and direct link between ionizing radiation and its irreversible impact on the environment. Hence, nuclear energy and ionizing radiation issues can no longer be viewed in isolation. Historical facts and official reports prove that a code of ethics did not previously exist in nuclear industry： the risks of ionizing radiation are too great and unpredictable. Elimination of existing man-made ionizing radiation sources in this century is untenable and unsustainable. The intent of this paper is to review and demonstrate that ＇Atoms for Peace＇ is a false and unethical enterprise, and offers insights into the social and ethical aspects of ionizing radiation as a result of nuclear power development. The unethical nature of nuclear weapons, along with risk perception and ethical dilemmas of atom for peace, nuclear weapon tests, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the International Court of Justice＇s opinion and the World Economic Forum-Global Risk Landscape will be discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21656001)
文摘After the Tianjin Port 8.12 explosion, an enormous amount of potassium dichromate （K2Cr2O7） and butanone （CH3COCH2CH3） leaked into the coastal soil-groundwater system, which potentially threatened the environment and human health. Determining the transport process of hazards is necessary to establish guidelines for remediating the contaminated area. This work aims to investigate the migration of potassium dichromate and butanone in the coastal soil-groundwater system through a coupling unsaturated-saturated numerical model, incorporating the HYDRUS model into the MODFLOW/ MT3D model. In the unsaturated zone, two-dimensional HYDRUS model was applied, and its recharge flux at the bottom boundary was utilized as the input of MODFLOW/MT3D model in the saturated zone. Results showed that Cr2O^（2-）7 migrated much faster than butanone in the unsaturated zone and reached the water table in about 1 year. In comparison, butanone was unlikely to enter the aquifer even 5 years later with a migration depth of about 2.2 m. Driven by groundwater, the Cr2O^（2-）7 that entered the aquifer migrated about 161 m toward southeast 5 years later. In the saturated zone, the contamination plume covered mainly the southeast area due to the groundwater flow direction.
文摘This discussion paper is an attempt to consider new ideas about the nature of explosive phenomena of the meteorite bodies in the Earth＇s atmosphere. Authors attract approaches, based on the concepts of physics of combustion, explosion and detonation in order to explain the explosive collapse of the meteorite. Authors believe that the meteorite explosion may be the result of gas-detonation mechanism of overheated meteoric bodies explosive boiling-up （the ＂vapor explosion＂）, accompanied by the formation of a supersonic front of shock wave. The considered hypothesis regarding the role of the ＂vapor explosion＂ in geological disasters can be used to explain the mechanisms of explosive phenomena in Volcanology： （1） With respect to the description of nature of phreatic eruptions; （2） for interpretation of dynamic regularities of the volcano crater opening and the subsequent shock-wave emission of steam-gas ＂fountain＂ to a height of several kilometers with fragments of magma and rocks as a result of the ＂vapor explosion＂ of overheated magma mass under the dome of the volcano.
