基于原位PXRF数据的土壤锰、锌污染分布协同克里金插值与高分地图绘制

高分辨率土壤重金属污染绘图(HRMMs)有助于准确识别需要进行风险管控或修复的区域.传统HRMMs基于网格模式土壤采样,开展化学分析并采用地质统计插值方法绘制污染分布地图,成本高、速度慢,且不适合高度异质性污染场地.该研究提出了一种通过多元非线性回归改善便携式X射线荧光分析(PXRF)数据,采用改进的PXRF数据进行协同克里金插值,以及HRMMs地图绘制和重金属污染分布预测的新方法.为了支持模型的建立和验证,选择我国西北某锰、锌污染场地开展研究.结果表明:(1)引入PXRF数据作为协同克里金插值的辅助变量能有效提高插值精度,而校正的PXRF数据可进一步提高空间刻画精度.重金属Mn和Zn的校正PXRF协同克里金插值较原始PXRF协同克里金插值的平均误差分别降低了4.5%和78.2%.(2)主变量点位密度的变化会改变校正后PXRF协同克里金插值的精度.以Zn为例,当主变量点位密度大于4个/(10^(4)m^(2))时,校正后的PXRF协同克里金插值的精度显著降低.(3)增加辅助变量点位密度可显著提高协同克里金插值精度.当辅助变量点位密度增至7个/(10^(4)m^(2))时,校正后PXRF协同克里金插值的平均误差与均方根误差分别降低了92.4%和34.7%.研究显示,通过对PXRF数据的校正可有效提高污染物协同克里金插值的精度,同时协同克里金插值需要满足一定量的主变量点位密度要求,且辅助变量点位密度越高,协同克里金插值的精度越高.

公安专用视频监控系统前端布点研究综述

现实中由于公安专用视频监控系统本身的一些特性,如覆盖规模大、联网层次复杂、公安业务应用要求高、财政成本和法律法规限制严格等因素,势必造成系统前端点位建设需要运用科学合理的前端布点方法来指导工作,以实现在各方面因素限制下部署有限的点位达到系统最佳的效能的目的。对国内外与系统前端布点相关的研究文献进行了广泛深入的调研。通过全面性分析影响前端布点的几个因素;得知除了公安业务需求之外,单摄像机物理特性与多摄像机相互关系是影响系统前端布点最重要的影响因素。其中在业界研究中,单摄像机物理特性通常由传感覆盖问题所体现,多摄像机相互关系则主要涉及区域点位密度问题与点位部署/规划问题两个方面。经过调研发现,当前业界对于公安专用视频监控系统前端布点工作的专门性研究较少,集中在具体单个问题的研究。因此该项工作的开展,需要将上述三个问题相关的研究综合起来,并结合公安业务需求来进行综合考虑。

Modified algorithm of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning for applications in open-pit mines

A modified algorithm of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning （GG-PPP） was developed by decreasing the number of unknowns to be estimated so that accurate position solutions can be achieved in the case of less number of visible satellites. The system time difference between GPS and GLONASS （STDGG） and zenith tropospheric delay （ZTD） values were firstly estimated in an open sky condition using the traditional GG-PPP algorithm. Then, they were used as a priori known values in the modified algorithm instead of estimating them as unknowns. The proposed algorithm was tested using observations collected at BJFS station in a simulated open-pit mine environment. The results show that the position filter converges much faster to a stable value in all three coordinate components using the modified algorithm than using the traditional algorithm. The modified algorithm achieves higher positioning accuracy as well. The accuracy improvement in the horizontal direction and vertical direction reaches 69% and 95% at a satellite elevation mask angle of 50°, respectively.

Land deformation monitoring in mining area with PPP-AR

The mining area deformation monitoring theory and method using precise point positioning （PPP） ambi- guity resolution （AR） were studied, and an ambiguity fixing model with satellite and receiver combina- tion phase delay （CPD） was proposed for zero-differenced PPP ambiguity fixing and its corresponding formula derivation was given. The data processing results for I h at six IGS stations in China show that 93% of ambiguities can be fixed within 10 min and all ambiguities can be fixed within 15 min. After ambi- guity fixing, the positioning accuracy is improved by more than 85% in the E and N directions, with abso- lute positioning accuracy reaching millimeter level, and it was improved by 70% in the U direction, reaching centimeter level; the proposed zero-differenced ambiguity fixing model can effectively improve the convergence rate and positioning accuracy in PPP. Data monitoring continuously conducted for half a year at four COPS stations of Shanxi China Coal Pingshuo Group validated the feasibility of using PPP in mining area deformation monitoring.

A highly-efficient oxygen evolution electrode based on defective nickel-iron layered double hydroxide

Exploring efficient and cost-effective electro- catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） is critical to water splitting. While nickel-iron layered double hydroxide （NiFe LDH） has been long recognized as a promising non- precious electrocatalyst for OER, its intrinsic activity needs further improvement. Herein, we design a highly-efficient oxygen evolution electrode based on defective NiFe LDH na- noarray. By combing the merits of the modulated electronic structure, more exposed active sites, and the conductive elec- trode, the defective NiFe LDH electrocatalysts show a low onset potential of 1.40 V （vs. RHE）. An overpotential of only 200 mV is required for 10 mA cm-2, which is 48 mV lower than that of pristine NiFe-LDH. Density functional theory plus U （DFT＋U） calculations are further employed for the origin of this OER activity enhancement. We find the introduction of oxygen vacancies leads to a lower valance state of Fe and the narrowed bandgap, which means the electrons tend to be ea- sily excited into the conduction band, resulting in the lowered reaction overpotential and enhanced OER performance.

Precise orbit determination of Beidou Satellites with precise positioning

Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system constellation currently consists of eight Beidou satellites and can provide preliminary service of navigation and positioning in the Asia-Pacific Region.Based on the self-developed software Position And Navigation Data Analysis(PANDA) and Beidou Experimental Tracking Stations (BETS),which are built by Wuhan University,the study of Beidou precise orbit determination,static precise point positioning (PPP),and high precision relative positioning,and differential positioning are carried out comprehensively.Results show that the radial precision of the Beidou satellite orbit determination is better than 10 centimeters.The RMS of static PPP can reach several centimeters to even millimeters for baseline relative positioning.The precision of kinematic pseudo-range differential positioning and RTK mode positioning are 2-4 m and 5-10 cm respectively,which are close to the level of GPS precise positioning.Research in this paper verifies that,with support of ground reference station network,Beidou satellite navigation system can provide precise positioning from several decimeters to meters in the wide area and several centimeters in the regional area.These promising results would be helpful for the implementation and applications of Beidou satellite navigation system.

Multicarbons generation factory:CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO_(2)electrocatalysis

Tandem electrocatalysis is an emerging concept for effective electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)towards multicarbons(C_(2+)).This decouples the multiple steps of CO_(2)-to-C_(2+)into two steps of CO_(2)-to-CO and CO-to-C_(2+)catalyzed by individual catalysts,to improve the Faradic efficiency(FE).However,due to the mass-transport limitation of CO from the generation site to the long-distance consumption site,such a strategy still remains challenge for high-rate production of C_(2+)products.Herein,we designed CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst,which made the catalytic sites of Ni and Cu for independently catalyzing CO_(2)-to-CO and CO-to-C_(2+)compactly neighbored,enabling the in-situ generation and rapid consumption of CO.The CuO/Ni SAs tandem catalyst achieved a particularly high partial current density of C_(2+)products(1220.8 mA/cm^(2)),while still maintained outstanding C_(2+)products FE(81.4%)and excellent selectivities towards ethylene(FE 54.1%)and ethanol(FE 28.8%),enabling the profitable production of multicarbons by CO_(2)RR.

Promotion of spinosad biosynthesis by chromosomal integration of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene in Saccharopolyspora spinosa

To promote spinosad biosynthesis by improving the limited oxygen supply during high-density fermentation of Saccharopolyspora spinosa, the open reading frame of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene was placed under the control of the promoter for the erythromycin resistance gene by splicing using overlapping extension PCR. This was cloned into the integrating vector pSET152, yielding the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene expression plasmid pSET152EVHB. This was then introduced into S. spinosa SP06081 by conjugal transfer, and integrated into the chromosome by site-specific recombination at the integration site ФC31 on pSET152EVHB. The resultant conjugant, S. spinosa S078-1101, was genetically stable. The integration was further confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. A carbon monoxide differential spectrum assay showed that active Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was successfully expressed in S. spinosa S078-1101. Fermentation results revealed that expression of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene significantly promoted spinosad biosynthesis under normal oxygen and moderately oxygen-limiting conditions （P〈0.01）. These findings demonstrate that integrating expression of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene improves oxygen uptake and is an effective means for the genetic improvement of S. spinosa fermentation. Saccharopolyspora spinosa, spinosad, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, integrating vector, homologous recombination