[背景]近年来,青少年电子烟使用率不断上升,且电子烟相关肺损伤病例激增,引起各领域研究人员的关注。[目的]通过文献计量学及可视化分析探讨2013-2022年全球范围内电子烟或电子烟产品使用相关肺损伤(EVALI)的研究热点与趋势。[方法]选用...[背景]近年来,青少年电子烟使用率不断上升,且电子烟相关肺损伤病例激增,引起各领域研究人员的关注。[目的]通过文献计量学及可视化分析探讨2013-2022年全球范围内电子烟或电子烟产品使用相关肺损伤(EVALI)的研究热点与趋势。[方法]选用Web of Science核心数据库,获取2013-2022年全球EVALI相关的文献,从国家/地区、机构、作者、期刊、被引文献、关键词等方面进行统计,采用CiteSpace 6.2.R1绘制发文量趋势分析图、作者合作网络分析图、论文共被引聚类时间分布图、关键词聚类分析图等图谱,并对数据进行可视化分析。[结果]通过检索,2013-2022年间EVALI相关研究的文献共有888篇。发文量逐年增加,在2020年增幅明显,从2021年开始有所下降,但引用量逐年增加。发文量最活跃的国家是美国(631篇),欧美国家合作紧密且中心性更为突出,发文机构中加州大学系统以103篇居榜首。Rahman I (27篇)发表论文最多,中心度较高;Goniewicz M L被引文献最多;网络分析图显示作者间的合作相对较弱。American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine(《美国呼吸与重症监护医学杂志》)是发文量最高的期刊(94篇)。被引次数前5名的文献均被引用超过300次。EVALI相关研究的高频关键词依次是nicotine(尼古丁,149次),exposure(暴露,118次)、oxidative stress(氧化应激,80次)等。共同引用网络中关键节点的聚类和聚类时间分布图表明青少年电子烟成瘾开始受到社会的广泛关注。从突现分析得到排名前25个关键词来看,对EVALI发病机制的研究重点逐渐从电子烟蒸气对肺产生的氧化应激损伤转向调味化学物质在肺损伤过程中发挥的氧化作用,目前该领域研究的兴趣主要是电子烟中各种化学物质以及加热元件对肺的损伤机制。[结论] EVALI正受到政府、医疗机构等领域研究人员的持续关注。多种电子烟成分如调味化学物质产生了不同程度的细胞毒性、炎症和肺损伤。但EVALI的病理生理机制仍不清楚,未来应鼓励更多的中国学者参与该领域研究。展开更多
In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transpl...In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of tobacco. [Method] Different proportion combinations of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate were applied to Jiyan 9, and its agronomic traits, field natural in...[Objective] This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of tobacco. [Method] Different proportion combinations of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate were applied to Jiyan 9, and its agronomic traits, field natural incidence, economic characters and chemical composition were compared among different treatments. [Result] Iron-zinc combined application improved the yield and quality of tobacco. Among all the treatments, Treatment 2 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 10 kg/hm2） and Treatment 5 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 15 kg/hm2） were the best. [Conclusion] This study will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield and quality of tobacco.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （c...[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.展开更多
The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smok...The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smoke was studied. The data presented herein suggested that the amount of smoke in the burning process can be better suppressed after the cotton fabric finishing with built-up system was burnt. Some general principles were identified, and the likely causes of the observed effects were analyzed according to test data.展开更多
The research examines the status of adoption of improved tobacco recommended varieties among smallholder farmers with a view to assess the impact of tobacco production on household income in the region. A survey appro...The research examines the status of adoption of improved tobacco recommended varieties among smallholder farmers with a view to assess the impact of tobacco production on household income in the region. A survey approach was used to collect data from a sample of 160 tobacco farmers who were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results show that farmers have responded appreciably to intervention programme that promote the use of the tobacco recommended varieties with an adoption rate of 61.6%. Information flow from various tobacco companies was the significant factor influencing the decision of farmers to adopt the tobacco recommended varieties. Constraints in the adoption noted include poor germination of seeds, high demand of inputs, unreliable availability of seeds and inadequate knowledge on tobacco production. The mean household income from tobacco production （4,232,415 Tshs） was significantly higher than the mean income of other income sources cumulatively （211,333 Tshs） with an income advantage of 4,021,082 Tshs. The study concludes that farmers are responding appreciably to intervention programmes that promote the use of tobacco recommended varieties in the region. Also tobacco sub-sector has higher contribution on household total income as compared to other enterprises.展开更多
Smoking is widely used in fish processing for the color and flavor. Smoke flavorings have evolved as a successful alternative to traditional smoking. The hazards of the fish products treated by liquid-smoking process ...Smoking is widely used in fish processing for the color and flavor. Smoke flavorings have evolved as a successful alternative to traditional smoking. The hazards of the fish products treated by liquid-smoking process are discussed in this review. The smoke flavoring is one important ingredient in the smoke-flavored fish. This paper gives the definition of smoke flavorings and the hazard of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） residue in the smoke flavorings on the market. It gives also an assessment of chemical hazards such as carcinogenic PAHs, especially Benzo-[α]pyrene, as well as biological hazards such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, histamine and parasites in smoke-flavored fish. The limitations in regulations or standards are discussed. Smoke flavored fish have lower content of PAHs as compared with the traditional smoking techniques if the PAHs residue in smoke flavorings is controlled by regulations or standards.展开更多
Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle...Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle, tryptophan content, and cuticle morphology of the smoke-exposed hair were evaluated, and compared to unexposed virgin hair. The results showed that pollution exposure can cause significant chemical damage to hair. In particular, virgin hair exposure to pollution can cause damage to the hair cuticles(higher wet/dry combing), protein degradation, and a more hydrophilic hair surface.展开更多
文摘[背景]近年来,青少年电子烟使用率不断上升,且电子烟相关肺损伤病例激增,引起各领域研究人员的关注。[目的]通过文献计量学及可视化分析探讨2013-2022年全球范围内电子烟或电子烟产品使用相关肺损伤(EVALI)的研究热点与趋势。[方法]选用Web of Science核心数据库,获取2013-2022年全球EVALI相关的文献,从国家/地区、机构、作者、期刊、被引文献、关键词等方面进行统计,采用CiteSpace 6.2.R1绘制发文量趋势分析图、作者合作网络分析图、论文共被引聚类时间分布图、关键词聚类分析图等图谱,并对数据进行可视化分析。[结果]通过检索,2013-2022年间EVALI相关研究的文献共有888篇。发文量逐年增加,在2020年增幅明显,从2021年开始有所下降,但引用量逐年增加。发文量最活跃的国家是美国(631篇),欧美国家合作紧密且中心性更为突出,发文机构中加州大学系统以103篇居榜首。Rahman I (27篇)发表论文最多,中心度较高;Goniewicz M L被引文献最多;网络分析图显示作者间的合作相对较弱。American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine(《美国呼吸与重症监护医学杂志》)是发文量最高的期刊(94篇)。被引次数前5名的文献均被引用超过300次。EVALI相关研究的高频关键词依次是nicotine(尼古丁,149次),exposure(暴露,118次)、oxidative stress(氧化应激,80次)等。共同引用网络中关键节点的聚类和聚类时间分布图表明青少年电子烟成瘾开始受到社会的广泛关注。从突现分析得到排名前25个关键词来看,对EVALI发病机制的研究重点逐渐从电子烟蒸气对肺产生的氧化应激损伤转向调味化学物质在肺损伤过程中发挥的氧化作用,目前该领域研究的兴趣主要是电子烟中各种化学物质以及加热元件对肺的损伤机制。[结论] EVALI正受到政府、医疗机构等领域研究人员的持续关注。多种电子烟成分如调味化学物质产生了不同程度的细胞毒性、炎症和肺损伤。但EVALI的病理生理机制仍不清楚,未来应鼓励更多的中国学者参与该领域研究。
文摘In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.
基金Supported by Key Special Project for High-quality Filled Low-tar Tobacco Research and Development and Characteristic High-quality Tobacco Development of State Tobacco Monopoly Administration(TS-06-20110038)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of tobacco. [Method] Different proportion combinations of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate were applied to Jiyan 9, and its agronomic traits, field natural incidence, economic characters and chemical composition were compared among different treatments. [Result] Iron-zinc combined application improved the yield and quality of tobacco. Among all the treatments, Treatment 2 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 10 kg/hm2） and Treatment 5 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 15 kg/hm2） were the best. [Conclusion] This study will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield and quality of tobacco.
基金Supported by the Research and Application of PVY Disease Control Technology in Shaotong Tobacco Planting Area of the Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Company of China Tobacco Cooperation(2015YN2)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.
文摘The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smoke was studied. The data presented herein suggested that the amount of smoke in the burning process can be better suppressed after the cotton fabric finishing with built-up system was burnt. Some general principles were identified, and the likely causes of the observed effects were analyzed according to test data.
文摘The research examines the status of adoption of improved tobacco recommended varieties among smallholder farmers with a view to assess the impact of tobacco production on household income in the region. A survey approach was used to collect data from a sample of 160 tobacco farmers who were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results show that farmers have responded appreciably to intervention programme that promote the use of the tobacco recommended varieties with an adoption rate of 61.6%. Information flow from various tobacco companies was the significant factor influencing the decision of farmers to adopt the tobacco recommended varieties. Constraints in the adoption noted include poor germination of seeds, high demand of inputs, unreliable availability of seeds and inadequate knowledge on tobacco production. The mean household income from tobacco production （4,232,415 Tshs） was significantly higher than the mean income of other income sources cumulatively （211,333 Tshs） with an income advantage of 4,021,082 Tshs. The study concludes that farmers are responding appreciably to intervention programmes that promote the use of tobacco recommended varieties in the region. Also tobacco sub-sector has higher contribution on household total income as compared to other enterprises.
文摘Smoking is widely used in fish processing for the color and flavor. Smoke flavorings have evolved as a successful alternative to traditional smoking. The hazards of the fish products treated by liquid-smoking process are discussed in this review. The smoke flavoring is one important ingredient in the smoke-flavored fish. This paper gives the definition of smoke flavorings and the hazard of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） residue in the smoke flavorings on the market. It gives also an assessment of chemical hazards such as carcinogenic PAHs, especially Benzo-[α]pyrene, as well as biological hazards such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, histamine and parasites in smoke-flavored fish. The limitations in regulations or standards are discussed. Smoke flavored fish have lower content of PAHs as compared with the traditional smoking techniques if the PAHs residue in smoke flavorings is controlled by regulations or standards.
文摘Cigarette smoke was used to simulate a polluted environment and an experiment was performed to reveal how healthy and bleached hair are damaged by a polluted environment. The dry/wet combability, surface contact angle, tryptophan content, and cuticle morphology of the smoke-exposed hair were evaluated, and compared to unexposed virgin hair. The results showed that pollution exposure can cause significant chemical damage to hair. In particular, virgin hair exposure to pollution can cause damage to the hair cuticles(higher wet/dry combing), protein degradation, and a more hydrophilic hair surface.
