烟利克 从液态烟中吸出真金

“吸烟有害健康”——用小品大师赵本山的话说“地球人都知道”。烟像毒瘾一样让亿万烟民欲罢不能，想戒又戒不掉。有人曾经将李白的《蜀道难》改写成了“戒烟难，难于上青天……”来形容戒烟的不易。然而。这一切却在位于安徽合肥市瑶海区濉溪东路壹品世家十八楼的安徽龙震科技有限公司得到改写。

湍流烟羽环境下多机器人主动嗅觉实现方法研究

给出了一种用于实现主动嗅觉(也称气味/气体源定位或化学烟羽跟踪)的多机器人协同搜索策略.将蚁群算法与逆风搜索相结合用于协调多机器人的运动方向.蚁群算法可有效调动机器人朝信息素高的区域运动且保证机器人之间的距离不会过大;逆风搜索可降低算法过早地陷入局部最优的概率.为正确判断转移方向,蚁群算法中还增加了对历史信息的考虑.在源头确认方面,本文提出了气味/气体浓度持久性判断结合机器人旋转计算流体质量通量散度的方法.仿真表明,本文的主动嗅觉搜索策略可适用于湍流烟制环境,且可有效地逃脱浓度局部最优和风场的漩涡,另外可最终确认源头位置.

钢铁企业余热资源的“量”与“质”

通过对钢铁企业余热资源总量的调研、实测与计算,对各生产系统现有的各类余热资源"量"与"质"进行分析与评价,从中可以找出钢铁企业余热资源回收利用的薄弱环节和潜力所在,为制定合理、有效的节能措施提供依据。

Study on Driving Technology Innovation Using Patent Management Mechanism

In order to improve the cigarette enterprise technology innovation and patent management status, the macro work should start from the four aspects of patent ideology introduction, patent organization design, perfecting patent system and implementation of specific measures, and attention should be attached to strengthen the cooperation of the cigarette enterprise management departments. On the other hand, Jn the microscopic work level, it should build the culture atmosphere of the entire tobacco industry respect intellectual property rights, actively cultivate the na- tional patent agents and patent engineers, and gradually promote the patent work to develop in the direction of specialization, self-independence, so as to construct a scientific mechanism for patent management, and enhance the core competitiveness of the tobacco industry.

Study on Curing Effect and the Waste Heat Recovering Equipment Design of Flue Gas of Bulk Curing Barn

In order to realize tobacco curing with energy saving and emission reduc- ing and lower cost, the waste heat recovering equipment was designed and built on blowing-upward type bulk curing barn. The comparative experiment of tobacco leaf curing was conducted between a bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas and conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that the effect of saving coal in bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas was obvious than the contrast. The coal consumption quantity was 1.531 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving coal in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.181 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf than the contrast and saving coal rate was 10.57%. The electricity consumption quantity was 0.593 kWh per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving elec- tricity quantity in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.022 kWh/kg and the saving electricity rate was 3.58% than the contrast. The saving curing cost was 0.158 yuan per kg of dry tobacco leaf and saving cost rate 9.09% in bulk cur- ing barn with use waste heat of flue gas than the contrast. The appearance quality, grade structure and primary chemical composition had no significant difference be- tween bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas and the contrast.

Effect of garlic on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in rats

AIM： To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of garlic on liver injury induced by isoniazid （INH） and rifarnpicin （RIF）. METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH and RIF daily each for 28 d. For hepatoprotective studies, 0.25 g/kg per day of freshly prepared garlic hornogenate was administered orally half an hour before the INH＋RIF doses. Serum alanine arninotransferase （AIT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and bilirubin were estimated on d 0, 14, 21, and 28 in all the rats. Histological analysis was carried out to assess the injury to the liver. Lipid peroxidation （1PO） as a marker of oxidative stress and non-protein thiols （glutathione） for antioxidant levels were measured in liver hornogenate. RESULTS： The treatment of rats with INH＋RIF （50 mg/kg per day each） induced hepatotoxicity in all the treated animals as judged by elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, presence of focal hepatocytic necrosis （6/8） and portal triaditis （8/8）. Garlic simultaneously administered at a dose of 0.25 g/kg per day prevented the induction of histopathological injuries in INH＋RIF co-treated animals, except in 4 animals, which showed only moderate portal triaditis. The histological changes correlated with oxidative stress in INH＋RIF treated animals. The group which received 0.25 g/kg per day garlic hornogenate along with INH＋RIF showed higher levels of glutathione （P〈0.05） and low levels of 1PO （P〈 0.05） as compared to INH＋RIF treated group. CONCLUSION： Freshly prepared garlic homogenate protects against INH＋RIF-induced liver injury in experimental animal model.

Effects of four Indian medicinal herbs on Isoniazid-, Rifampicin- and Pyrazinamide-induced hepatic injury and immunosuppression in guinea pigs

AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/Kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH + RIF + PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb + AKT groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST) bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were assessed on d 0 and 21 in all the groups. Phagocytic % (P%), Phagocytic Index (PI) and Chemotactic Index (CI) were also measured as immunologic parameters. Histological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. RESULTS: The AKT treated control group showed hepatotoxicity as judged by elevated serum AST 5-fold, AST/ALT ratio 4-fold, ALP 2-fold and hepatological changes, such as focal necrosis, portal triaditis and steatosis. Immune function was suppressed as judged by decreased P% (51.67 ?1.68 vs 40.61 ?1.28, P < 0.01), PI (2.0725±0.05 vs 0.61±0.05, P < 0.001) and CI (1.8525±0.04 vs 0.695±0.07, P < 0.001). All four herb treated groups showed normal liver histology, enzyme levels and increased P%, while PI and CI were enhanced in the TC and ZM treated groups, respectively. CL + AKT, TC + AKT and ZM + AKT showed nearly normal histology with minimal inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, while OS + AKT showed partial protection. Hepatotoxicity was prevented by restricting the rise of AST by 2-fold in CL + AKT and TC + AKT groups and by 3-fold in OS + AKT and ZM + AKT groups, AST/ALT by 2-fold and ALP to normal levels in all four groups. All four herb + AKT groups showed normal to enhanced neutrophil function. CONCLUSION: All four herbs showed hepatoprotective potential and prevented immunosuppression. CL and TC showed the highest hepatoprotective activity, while TC and ZM showed strong immunostimulatory activity.

Comparative study: Vonoprazan and proton pump inhibitors in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

AIMTo compare the effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan-based therapy with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based therapies to treat Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).METHODSWe retrospectively analysed data from first-line (vonoprazan or PPI with 200 mg clarithromycin and 750 mg amoxicillin twice daily for 7 d) (n = 1353) and second-line (vonoprazan or PPI with 250 mg metronidazole and 750 mg amoxicillin twice daily for 7 d) (n = 261) eradication treatments for H. pylori -positive patients with associated gastrointestinal diseases from April 2014 to December 2015 at Hattori Clinic, Japan. The primary endpoint was the eradication rate, which was assessed with a full analysis set. The secondary endpoints were adverse events and related factors.RESULTSAfter the first-line treatments, the eradication rates for vonoprazan, esomeprazol, rabeprazole, and lansoprazole were 87.9% (95%CI: 84.9%-90.5%), 71.6% (95%CI: 67.5%-75.5%), 62.9% (95%CI: 52.0%-72.9%), and 57.3% (95%CI: 50.4%-64.1%), respectively. The vonoprazan eradication rate was significantly higher than that of the PPIs (P &#x0003c; 0.01). Interestingly, smoking did not affect the H. pylori eradication rate in the vonoprazan group (P = 0.34), whereas it decreased the rates in the PPI groups (P = 0.013). The incidence of adverse events in the vonoprazan group was not different from the PPI group (P = 0.054), although the vonoprazan group exhibited a wider range of adverse events. Vonoprazan-based triple therapy was highly effective as a second-line treatment, with an eradication rate similar to that of PPI-based therapy.CONCLUSIONVonoprazan might be superior to PPIs in first-line H. pylori therapy, particularly for smokers. However, caution is required due to possible adverse events.

Capillary gas chromatographic determination of dimethachlon residues in fresh tobacco leaves and cut-tobacco

Simple procedures for extraction and chromatographic determination of dimethachlon residues in fresh tobacco leaves and cut-tobacco are described.The determination was carried out by capillary gas chromatography(GC) with electron capture detection(ECD) and confirmed by GC-MS.The mean recoveries and relative standard deviation(RSD) were 93.2%～112.9% and 3.5%～6.7%,respectively at levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg.The limit of determination was 0.001 mg/kg.Tobacco samples in routine check were successfully analyzed using the proposed method.

Driving Mechanism of Cultivated Land Transition in Yantai Proper,Shandong Province,China

Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the quantitative perspective. Based on the vector data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2009 of Yantai Proper, Shandong Province China, 11 explanatory variables were chosen from two aspects: the elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area, which presented physical factors; cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center, cost distance to major roads, cost distance to city roads, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads, which presented the socio-economic factors. Combined with spatial analysis tools and Logistic regression analysis model, we construct Logistic regression analyses with four objectives that were urban construction land, rural residential land, orchard and other lands. The results show that, cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center and cost distance to city roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into urban construction land. The main explained factors on the transition of cultivated land into rural residential land are slope, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads. Slope, cost distance to minor water area, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into orchard land. Elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area are the main explanatory variables on the transition of cultivated land into other land uses.

Effect of Removing the Lower Leaves on the Physiological Features and Aroma Constituents of Flue-Cured Tobacco

Yunyan 97 was selected as the raw material. The effects of removing different number （0, 2, 3 and 4） of lower leaves on root activity, chlorophyll content, physiological features and contents of neutral aroma constituents in the flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that the removal of lower leaves could significantly increase the root activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr）, and delay the photosynthetic functional decline. Such effects were the greatest in lower leaves, followed by middle leaves and upper leaves. Moreover, the degree of the effects increased with higher number of leaves removed. After She lower leaves were removed, the water use efficiency （WUE） of leaves in the first 10 d became higher with more leaves removed. In the later periods （24 d, 38 d）, WUE decreased with more leaves removed. For the middle and upper leaves, the removal of three leaves （T2） and two leaves （T1） resulted in the highest contents of aroma constituents, respectively. For the tobaccos cultured in soil with moderate fertility under the experimental conditions, the appropriate number of lower leaves removed should be 2-3.

Thermal Analyses of Combined Utilization Process of Seawater by Solar Chimney

It is promising to simultaneously develop multiple products through the combined utilization of seawater by solar chimney technology. A small scale experimental system was set up. The collector temperature, the seawater temperature, and the temperature and humidity of the airflow under the collector were measured. Thermal network analysis of the system was carried out. The results show that the airflow is nearly saturated at the entrance of the chimney, and the mean dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures of the airflow have increased by 8.4 ℃ and 9.6 ℃, respectively. The radiation heat transfer between the collector and the sky is the biggest heat loss in the system, which is up to 29.1% on average of the solar energy. However, the water evaporation heat is about 23.6% on average of the solar energy. To reduce the heat loss and enhance the water evaporation, it is necessary to reduce the emissivity and thermal conductivity of the collector and increase the evaporation areas.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Photosynthetic Nitrogen use Efficiency in Tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.）

Soil pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to examine the effects of different nitrogen （N） supply （low, 0.15 g N/kg; middle, 0.3 g N/kg; and high, 0.6 g N/kg dry soil） on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency （PNUE） of tobacco seedlings （Nicotiana tabacum L. Yunyan 87）. The results showed middle and high N significantly enhanced seedling growth including plant stem and leaf dry weight comparing with low N. High N supply could lead to a dramatic increase in the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco seedlings under low N conditions. There were significant differences in leaf N content between nitrogen treatments. About a 76% increase in leafN content in plants fed by high N resulted in about 43% increase in Rubisco content and 27% in net photosynthetic rate. The non-corresponding increases in photosynthetic rate in tobacco seedlings fed by high N relative to low N resulted from Rubisco activity and/or carboxylation efficiency （CE）. These results indicated that tobacco seedlings under high N application can maintain high net photosynthetic rate （Pn） but lower PNUE, will finally result in a decline in N use efficiency.

Reduction of Tobacco Smoking Health Risk Through an Appropriate Media Based Communication Strategy in Uganda

The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of the cases, unknown. Smoking accounts for almost half of the deaths in middle age in some regions. In Uganda, translating findings into policy action is slow and involves several stakeholders. It will continue to require support from tobacco control campaign groups. This paper analyses secondary literature on tobacco smoking and later provides an appropriate medium based communication strategy that can be adopted to counteract the persuasive smoking evil adverts of tobacco companies as well as creating awareness among the population of the health impacts caused by smoking.

Experimental investigation on solar-flue gas chimney

Flue gases exhausted from thermal power plants contain more than 50% of the fuel thermal energy. In the present work, experimental investigation was carried out to study the utilization of thermal energy in flue gases to enhance the performance of modified solar chimney consisting of Savonius wind rotor. A modified solar chimney model was designed and fabricated to carry out experimental measurement. The model consists of thermal energy conversion unit; Savonius wind rotor and a chimney. The thermal energy in the flue gas transfers to the air particles in the air channel across the absorber plate and results in upward air stream due to the buoyancy effect. With an 9 absorber area of 2.36 re＇and flue gas mass flow rate of0.18 kg/s, air velocity＇ of 4.1 m/s was achieved at the top of the thermal unit. Increasing the mass flow rate of the flue gas to 0.24 kg/s enhances the air velocity to be 4.6 m/s. The results have demonstrated the possibility＇ of utilizing the thermal energy in the waste flue gas to enhance the performance of a solar chimney and facilitate the continuous operation during the absence of the sun.

Effects on type 2 diabetes complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis:regiment of insulin,isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide and ethambutol versus the regiment plus Qi-boosting and Yin-nourishing decoction of Traditional Chinese Medicine

OBjECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect on type 2diabetes mellitus(T2DM) complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) of insulin,isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide and ethambutol(conventional medication) administered together with Qi-boosting and Yin-nourishing decoction derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS:A total of 60 patients with T2 DM complicated with pulmonary TB were randomly and equally divided into positive control group and treatment group.The control group was treated with Western conventional regiment(WCR):insulin,isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide,and ethambutol,whereas the treatment group was given both WCR and Qi-boosting and V/n-nourishing decoction prepared from TCM.RESULTS:After the treatment,20(66.7%) and 11(36.7%) cases showed sputum bacteria negative conversion in the WCR plus TCM group and WCM group respectively(P < 0.05).A total of 25(83.3%)and 18(60%) cases showed improvement in lung lesion in the WCR plus TCM group and WCM group respectively(P < 0.05).Compared with WCR group,fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the WCR plus TCM group significantly decreased(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION:Qi-boosting and Yin-nourishing decoction combined with the Western medication showed better curative effect in treating T2 DM complicated with pulmonary TB compared with the group using the conventional Western Medicine alone.

Mathematical Simulation of Lithium Bromide Solution Laminar Falling Film Evaporation in Vertical Tube

For utilization of the residual heat of flue gas to drive the absorption chillers,a lithium-bromide falling film in vertical tube type generator is presented.A mathematical model was developed to simulate the heat and mass coupled problem of laminar falling film evaporation in vertical tube.In the model,the factor of mass transfer was taken into account in heat transfer performance calculation.The temperature and concentration fields were calculated.Some tests were conducted for the factors such as Re number,heating flux,the inlet concentration and operating pressure which can affect the heat and mass transfer performance in laminar falling film evaporation.The heat transfer performance is enhanced with the increasing of heat flux.An increasing inlet concentration can weaken the heat transfer performance.The operating pressure hardly affects on heat and mass transfer.The bigger inlet Re number means weaker heat transfer effects and stronger mass transfer.The mass transfer obviously restrains the heat transfer in the falling film solution.The relation between dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and the inlet Re number is obtained.

Brave New Venture

How venture capitalists are navigating a new legal landscape in search of profitable exits