烟台海岸海洋放线菌分布规律及抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究烟台海岸潮间带泥样中放线菌分布规律及抑菌活性。[方法]采用常规分离培养和琼脂块拮抗性测定法。[结果]从烟台海岸潮间带泥样中共分离得到357株放线菌,拮抗细菌的放线菌菌株数比拮抗真菌的多,抗革兰氏阴性细菌的放线菌菌株数较抗革兰氏阳性细菌的多,拮抗青霉的放线菌菌株数多于抗白色假丝酵母的放线菌菌株数;从泥样分离筛选所得的拮抗性放线菌中,中等拮抗性放线菌占多数,而且随着参试靶标菌个数的增加,对靶标菌均有拮抗性的放线菌菌株数却在减少。[结论]为进一步开发利用烟台海岸的海洋放线菌资源奠定了基础。

烟台海岸带土壤重金属定量源解析及空间预测

定量解析土壤重金属污染来源并绘制空间分布图是土壤重金属调查评价的核心,可为区域土壤环境管理和修复提供科学参考。以中国北方名优农产品生产基地烟台海岸带为研究区,系统开展表层土壤样品采集和重金属分析测试;利用正定矩阵因子分解定量解析土壤重金属的来源贡献;基于独立成分分析和序贯高斯模拟构建多元地统计模拟技术,实现土壤重金属的空间预测及潜在污染区域划定。结果表明:(1)研究区表层土壤中As、Co、Cr、Mn和Ni主要为自然来源,且空间分布受成土母质的控制;(2)工业和交通排放是土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn的重要来源,三者在金、铜矿的尾矿区以及烟台市区呈现出污染热点;(3)土壤中Cu主要来自铜基杀菌剂和有机肥施用等农业活动,高值区主要分布在果园土壤;(4)土壤中Hg主要来源于煤炭燃烧和混汞法炼金所排放Hg的大气沉降,高值区主要分布在金矿以及龙口、蓬莱市区周边;(5) Cu、Hg和Cd的潜在污染区域面积占研究区总面积的37.5%、14.3%和8.6%,应给予重点关注。

烟台近岸典型生态区沉积物重金属形态分布及其污染状况

运用Tessier连续提取法,对烟台海岸带3个典型生态敏感区表层沉积物重金属Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的形态分布和污染状况进行了分析研究。结果表明,研究区域中河口区与排污口区重金属Cr、Cu、Cd、Zn和Ni的含量较高,尤其是Cd污染严重。养殖区基本符合海洋沉积物质量第1类标准;重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni主要以残渣态为主,Cu和Pb的酸溶态所占比例较高,而Cd的可提取态比例较高,在河口区与排污口区高达90%,生物有效性最高。

Temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of macroalgal communities along the Yantai coast, China

To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted monthly at four sites along the coast: Jiahe River estuary, Zhifu Island, Fisherman's Wharf, and Yangma Island. The species composition and abundance, and their relationship with environmental variables were assessed. Along the Yantai coast, 35 macroalgae species were identifi ed, including 24 Rhodophyta spp., 7 Chlorophyta, and 4 Phaeophyta spp. Highest species numbers were recorded in the summer at all sampling sites, except in the Jiahe River estuary. Macroalgae biomass was the greatest in the summer. Year-round, the highest species number and dry biomass recorded at Fisherman's Wharf and Yangma Island was attributed to the substrate type. In summer, Ulva pertusa Kjellman was the dominant species identifi ed along the Yantai coast, which indicates a risk of macroalgae blooms. Our results show that seawater temperature and nutrients appear to signifi cantly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of macroalgal abundance along the Yantai coast. The effects of environmental variables on the macroalgae on the Yantai coast need further study.

Molecular diversity of Enteromorpha from the coast of Yantai:a dual-marker assessment

We collected nine Enteromorpha specimens from the coast of Yantai and evaluated their diversity based on analyses of their ITS(internal transcribed spacer) and 5S rDNA NTS(non-transcribed spacer) sequences.The ITS sequences showed slight nucleotide divergences between Enteromorpha linza and Enteromorpha prolifera.In contrast,multiple highly variable regions were found in the ITS region of Enteromorpha flexuosa.In general,there were more variable sites in the NTS region than in the ITS region in the three species.The variations in 5S rDNA NTS sequences indicated that the molecular diversity of Enteromorpha from the coast of Yantai is very high.However,a phylogenetic tree constructed using 5S rDNA NTS sequence data indicated that genetic differences were not directly related to geographical distribution.