烟草保润性能测试方法

为了得到一套过程简便、结果准确的烟草保润性能测试方法,为增香保润重大专项的实施奠定基础,考察了测试方法、湿度控制手段、取样量及烟样形态4个因素对保润性能测试结果可靠性的影响。结果表明:在进行烟草保润性能测试时,尽量增大取样量,采用差量法、将形态均匀的烟丝放入硫酸干燥器内,并将硫酸干燥器放入相同湿度下的恒温恒湿箱中进行烟丝解湿或吸湿过程水分变化情况的测试,可以得到相对准确的测试结果。

烟草中总挥发酸含量的分析方法研究

通过对烟草中挥发酸总量分析的全过程进行研究 ,确定出该项分析的最佳条件为 :10g烟样 ,用磷酸溶液调节其初始pH =2 0 ,用去离子水进行水蒸气蒸馏 80min ,接收馏出液 4 0 0mL(挥发酸总量≤ 0 3%时接收 30 0mL) ,用苯酚红作指示剂 (或采用自动电位滴定 ,终点pH =8 0 ) .在此条件下 ,纯样品的回收率可达 96 0 4 % .

A novel carbon trap sampling system for coal-fired flue gas mercury measurement

A novel carbon trap sampling system for gas-phase mercury measurement in flue gas is developed, including the high efficient sorbents made of modified biomass cokes and high precision sorbent traps for measuring particle-bound and total vapor-phase mercury in flue gas. A dedusting device is installed to collect fine fly ash for reducing the measurement errors. The thorough comparison test of mercury concentration in flue gas is conducted between the novel sampling system and the Ontario hydro method （OHM） in a 6 kW circulating fluidized bed combustor. Mercury mass balance rates of the OHM range from 95.47% to 104.72%. The mercury breakthrough rates for the second section of the sorbent trap are all below 2%. The relative deviations in the two test cases are in the range of 15. 96% to 17. 56% under different conditions. The verified data suggest that this novel carbon trap sampling system can meet the standards of quality assurance and quality control required by EPA Method 30B and can be applied to the coal-fired flue gas mercury sampling system.

Application of FTIR to analysis chemical structure of soot aerosol emitted from lump-coal combustion in fixed bed

The objectives of this work are to study the primary chemical structure of soot aerosol derived from lump-coal combustion in different experimental conditions in fixed bed. A laboratory-scale movable fixed bed, water-cooled soot aerosol collection system, and electric reactor have been designed and used in the process. Three kinds of coals, sized at 3-5 ram, have been heated in the experiments. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FTlR） has been employed to test functional groups of soot aerosol samples. Infrared spectra from 400 to 4000 cm^ -1 and semiquantitative analysis have been employed. The results of experiments show that contents of hydrogen-bonded are increased, contents of unsaturated hydrocarbons are increased, and contents of aromatic hydrocarbons are decreased with temperature increase; contents of hydrogen-bonded and unsaturated hydrocarbons are increased first and decreased late, and contents of aromatic hydrocarbons are decreased with gases residence time extension; the contents of hydrogen bonded and unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from soot aerosol samples are higher than those from original coal samples in lower-volatile coals, and the contents of aromatic hydrocarbons derived from soot aerosol samples are lower than those from original coals; and contents of hydrogen-bonded are decreased, contents of unsaturated hydrocarbons are increased, and contents of aromatic hydrocarbons are decreased with a increase.

Molecular diversity of Enteromorpha from the coast of Yantai:a dual-marker assessment

We collected nine Enteromorpha specimens from the coast of Yantai and evaluated their diversity based on analyses of their ITS(internal transcribed spacer) and 5S rDNA NTS(non-transcribed spacer) sequences.The ITS sequences showed slight nucleotide divergences between Enteromorpha linza and Enteromorpha prolifera.In contrast,multiple highly variable regions were found in the ITS region of Enteromorpha flexuosa.In general,there were more variable sites in the NTS region than in the ITS region in the three species.The variations in 5S rDNA NTS sequences indicated that the molecular diversity of Enteromorpha from the coast of Yantai is very high.However,a phylogenetic tree constructed using 5S rDNA NTS sequence data indicated that genetic differences were not directly related to geographical distribution.

Correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions: an analysis based on a sample from general population of China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.

The effect of different deformation mechanisms on the chemical structure of anthracite coals

To study the effect of different deformation mechanisms on the chemical structure of anthracite coals and further understand the correlation between changed chemical structures and coal and gas outburst, ten groups of sub-high-temperature and sub-high-pressure deformation experiments were performed. All samples maintained primary structure, which were collected from the Qudi Mine in the southern Qinshui Basin of China. The samples were analyzed by ultimate analysis, Vitrinite Reflection(VR), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy both before and after deformation experiments for contrasting. The results showed that the VR values of all samples after experiments were significantly higher than before experiments, which suggested that the metamorphism degree of anthracite coals was increased by deformation. The results also indicated that both temperature and strain rate had significant effects on the chemical structure of anthracite coals. At a high strain rate of 4×10?5 s?1, the deformation of the samples was mainly brittle in which the mechanical energy was transformed mainly into frictional energy. In this situation, all samples developed several distinct fractured surfaces and the change of chemical structures was not obvious. On the contrary, with the decrease of the strain rates, the ductile deformation was dominated and the mechanical energy was mainly transformed into strain energy, resulting in the accumulation of deformation energy confessed by increasing quantity of dislocation and creep in the coal's interior nucleus. The absorption in the aromatic ring groups increased; otherwise the absorption in the aliphatic structures and ether oxygen groups decreased rapidly. During these experiments, CO was collected from two experimental samples. The number of aromatic rings and the structure defects within the two generated gas samples increased and the degree of molecular structure orders decreased.