K_2Ti_2O_5在去除柴油机尾气烟炭中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了柴油氧化催化剂K2Ti2O5。以炭黑模拟柴油发动机尾气中的烟炭,利用程序升温研究了K2Ti2O5对烟炭的催化氧化活性。结果表明,当K2Ti2O5与炭黑颗粒紧密接触时,炭黑起燃温度为280℃,峰温为325℃,其催化活性高于松散接触者,也高于传统的Pt负载型催化剂;K2Ti2O5与水混合后发生水解反应,但只要经重新干燥和高温焙烧,仍能保持较高的活性,说明K2Ti2O5具有良好的可再生性。

灯烟炭黑在EPDM胶料中的应用

现在，95％的炭黑是用炉法生产的。炉法是生产橡胶工业用的各种ASTM炭黑的标准方法。

高炉炉缸环缝成因探讨

通过对武钢 1号高炉 1 999年 1 0月大修破损调查研究 ,发现炉缸碳砖破损状况与过去报导的有所不同。在高碱度负荷下 ,该高炉炉缸部位产生了平行于炉壳的至上而下的三条环裂。利用所得测试数据探讨了三条环裂的形成机理。

烟煤低温氧化规律的实验研究

通过自制的升温氧化装置 ,对采自不同矿区的几个烟煤样品进行了升温氧化实验 ,考察了煤炭粒度、风流流量和瓦斯含量对煤炭低温氧化的影响 。

Synthesis of K-doped three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Mn_(0.5)Ce_(0.5)O_δ catalysts and their catalytic performance for soot oxidation

A series of K-doped Mn0.5Ce0.5Oδ （K-MCO） catalysts with three-dimensionally ordered macroporous （3DOM） structure and different K loadings were successfully synthesized using simple methods. These catalysts exhibited well-defined 3DOM nanostructure, which consisted of extensive interconnecting networks of spherical voids. The effects of the calcination temperature and calcination time on the morphological characteristics and crystalline forms of the catalysts were systematically studied. The catalysts showed high catalytic activity for the combustion of soot. 3DOM 20% K-MCO-4h catalyst, in particular, showed the highest catalytic activity of all of the catalysts studied （e.g., Ts0 = 331 ~C and Smco2 = 95.3%）. The occurrence of structural and synergistic effects among the K, Mn, and Ce atoms in the catalysts was favorable for enhancing their catalytic activity towards the combustion of diesel soot. Furthermore, the temperatures required for the complete combustion of the soot （〈400 ℃） were well within the exhaust temperature range （175-400 ℃）, which means that the accumulated soot can be removed under the conditions of the diesel exhaust gas. These catalysts could therefore be used in numerous practical applications because they are easy to synthesize, exhibit high catalytic activity, and can be made from low cost materials.

Effects of Au-Ce strong interactions on catalytic activity of Au/CeO_2/3DOM Al_2O_3 catalyst for soot combustion under loose contact conditions

Au/3DOM（three-dimensionally ordered macroporous） Al2O3 and Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 were prepared using a reduction-deposition method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Au nanoparticles of similar sizes were well dispersed and supported on the inner walls of uniform macropores.The norminal Au loading is 2%.Al-Ce-O solid solution in CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 catalysts can be formed due to the incorporation of Al^3＋ ions into the ceria lattice,which causes the creation of extrinsic oxygen vacancies.The extrinsic oxygen vacancies improved the oxygen-transport properties.The strong metal-support interactions between Au and CeO2 increased the amount of active oxygen on the Au nanoparticle surfaces,and this promoted soot oxidation.The activities of the Au-based catalysts were higher than those of the supports（Al2O3 or CeO2/3DOM Al2O3） at low temperature.Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 had the highest catalytic activity for soot combustion,with T（10）,T（50）,and T（90） values of 273,364,and 412℃,respectively.

Effects of Different Biochar Dosages and Types on Growth, Yield and Output Value of Flue-cured Tobacco in Hanzhong Area

[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different biochar dosages and trpes on growth, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in Hanzhong. [Methods] In May-September of 2013, Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County, Hanzhong City, a field experiment was carded out to study the effects of- biochardosage and type on tobacco agronomic traits, yield and output value in each growth period. [Results] Biochar application significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and leaf size in the early growth pedod, and raised tobacco yield, output value and the proportion of high grade leaf： With the increase of biochar dosage, tobacco agronom~ traits were significantly improved, and yield, output value and proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves also increased significantly, and the highest tobacco yield and output value occurred at the dosage of 900 kg/hm2. Agronomic traits of tobacco leaves with the application of rice husk char and wheat straw char were significantly better than those with the application of peanut shell char, appli- cation of rice husk char was more conducive to the development of leaves in the vigorous pedod and stems in the squaring period, but straw char was beneficial to improvement of plant height and leaf number in the vigorous period and leaf growth in the squaring period, and application of rice husk char had the best effect on the increases of yield and output value of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] Application of biochar is an effective measure forimproving tobacco-planting soil and promoting the growth and development of tobacco in Hanzhong, biochar application amount should be controlled at about 600-900 kg/hm2, and rice husk char is the preferred choice as soil improvement material.

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous perovskite-type La_(1-x)K_xNiO_3 catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity for soot combustion: the Effect of K-substitution

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) La1?xKxNiO3 perovskite-type catalysts were successfully prepared by a colloidal crystal template method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray scattering elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction of H2. Further, their catalytic activity in soot combustion was determined by temperature-programmed oxidation reaction. K substitution into the LaNiO3 lattice led to remarkably improved catalytic activity of this catalyst in soot combustion. Amongst various catalysts, La0.95K0.05NiO3 exhibited the highest activity in soot combustion (with its T50 and CO2 S values being 338 °C and 98.2%, respectively), which is comparable to the catalytic activities of Pt-based catalysts under the condition of poor contact between the soot and the catalyst. K-substitution improves the valence state of Ni and increases the number of oxygen vacancies, thereby leading to increased density of surface-active oxygen species. The active oxygen species play a vital role in catalyzing the elimination of soot. The perovskite-type La1?xKxNiO3 nanocatalysts with 3DOM structure without noble metals have potential for practical applications in the catalytic combustion of diesel soot particles.

Fabrication of ultrafine Pd nanoparticles on 3D ordered macroporous TiO_2 for enhanced catalytic activity during diesel soot combustion

Nanocatalysts consisting of three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM)TiO2‐supported ultrafine Pd nanoparticles(Pd/3DOM‐TiO2‐GBMR)were readily fabricated by gas bubbling‐assisted membrane reduction(GBMR)method.These catalysts had a well‐defined and highly ordered macroporous nanostructure with an average pore size of 280 nm.In addition,ultrafine hemispherical Pd nanoparticles(NPs)with a mean particle size of 1.1 nm were found to be well dispersed over the surface of the 3DOM‐TiO2 support and deposited on the inner walls of the material.The nanostructure of the 3DOM‐TiO2 support ensured efficient contact between soot particles and the catalyst.The large interface area between the ultrafine Pd NPs and the TiO2 also increased the density of sites for O2 activation as a result of the strong metal(Pd)‐support(TiO2)interaction(SMSI).A Pd/3DOM‐TiO2‐GBMR catalyst with ultrafine Pd NPs(1.1 nm)exhibited higher catalytic activity during diesel soot combustion compared with that obtained from a specimen having relatively large Pd NPs(5.0 nm).The T10,T50 and T90 values obtained from the former were 295,370 and 415°C.Both the activity and nanostructure of the Pd/3DOM‐TiO2‐GBMR catalyst were stable over five replicate soot oxidation trials.These results suggest that nanocatalysts having a 3DOM structure together with ultrafine Pd NPs can decrease the amount of Pd required,and that this approach has potential practical applications in the catalytic combustion of diesel soot particles.

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous CeO_2/Al_2O_3-supported Au nanoparticle catalysts: Effects of CeO_2 nanolayers on catalytic activity in soot oxidation

A series of catalysts consisting of three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM)x‐CeO2/Al2O3‐supported Au nanoparticles(x=2,10,20,and40wt%)were successfully synthesized using a reduction‐deposition method.These catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method,X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,and temperature‐programmed reduction by H2.Au nanoparticles of mean particle size5nm were well dispersed and supported on the inner walls of uniform macropores.The3DOM structure improved the contact efficiency between soot and the catalyst.An Al‐Ce‐O solid solution was formed in the multilayer support,i.e.,x‐CeO2/Al2O3,by the incorporation of Al3+ions into the CeO2lattice,which resulted in the creation of extrinsic oxygen vacancies.Strong interactions between the metal(Au)and the support(Ce)increased the amount of active oxygen species,and this promoted soot oxidation.The catalytic performance in soot combustion was evaluated using a temperature‐programmed oxidation technique.The presence of CeO2nanolayers in the3DOM Au/x‐CeO2/Al2O3catalysts clearly improved the catalytic activities in soot oxidation.Among the prepared catalysts,3DOM Au/20%CeO2/Al2O3showed high catalytic activity and stability in diesel soot oxidation.

Surface and Hydrogen Sorption Characteristics of Various Activated Carbons Developed from Rat Coal Mine （Zonguldak） and Anthracite

Activated carbon samples were developed from coal samples obtained from a coal mine, rat （Zonguldak, Turkey） and anthracite （Siberia, Russia）, applying pyrolysis in a temperature range of 600-900 ℃ under N2 flow, and activation using chemical agents such as KOH, NH4Cl, ZnCl2 at 650 ℃. Nitrogen adsorption at low temperature （77 K） was used to characterize the activated carbon samples, and their pore structure properties including pore volume, pore diameter and pore size distribution were determined by means of the t-plots and DFT methods. The surface area values were higher for rat coal samples than for anthracite one, and for the rat coal samples treated with KOH ＋ NH4Cl ＋ ZnCl2 at 650 °C [Rat650（2）] there are highest surface area and total pore volume, 315.6 m2·g^-1 and 0.156 ml·g^-1, respectively. The highest value of the hydrogen sorption capacity was found as 0.71% （by mass） for the rat coal sample obtained by KOH ＋ ZnCl2 treatment at 650 °C [Rat650（1）].

Experimental study on removal nitrogen oxide of flue gas by using solid absorbents

With the rapid development of modem industry and increase of consumption of the coal, petroleum and natural gas etc., emission of nitrogen oxide （NOx） from flue gas has air environment quality worsen day by day. This research work is experimental study on removal low concentration NOx of flue gas by using solid absorbents. The experiment result shown that denification rate by modified activated carbon is higher than that of modified zeolite and rectorite. Average denitrification rate is 65.47% and maximum denitrification rate is 95.82% for activated carbon; average denitrification rate is respectively as 43.29% and 36.18%, maximum denitrification rate is respectively as 87.51% and 79.47% for modified zeolite and rectorite. Experiment results indicated that NO adsorption process of activated carbon can be described by Freudlich adsorption mode, K=0.143 and n=2.842 and Freudlich adsorption isotherm equation is： q = 0.143MO^0.3519.

李广平的彩墨画

1963年生于山东平原,现任教于曲阜师范大学美术系。曾有个人展览于比利时根特,法国巴黎,德国慕尼黑,荷兰阿姆斯丹,中国北京、广州等地,作品多次参加中国嘉德拍卖公司,太平洋拍卖公司。

氧化后处理炭黑

本发明与氧化后处理炭黑有关，这样的氧化后处理炭黑可在油漆、油墨及墨水(比如用于喷墨打印机)中用作着色剂。

Experimental study on removing NO from flue gas using microwave irradiation over activated carbon carried catalyst

Nitrogen oxides(NOx) from flue gas can be removed efficiently by activated carbon continuously irradiated by microwave,which,however,needs high temperature and consumes excessive carbon. If catalyst is added into activated carbon,then reaction temperature can be reduced and selectivity of reaction enhanced. The effects on flue gas denitrification by adding different catalysts to microwave reactor were studied in this paper. It was found that the addition of catalyst could reduce the microwave power required by the same removal efficiency obviously;the difference of removal efficiency was different due to different catalysts,and the Cu-based catalyst has more catalytic action efficiency. Reaction temperature decreased by about 200℃ and removal efficiency increased by 25% after adding Cu-based catalyst. In addition,characteristic analysis for activated carbon conducted by X-ray diffraction confirmed that active component of catalyst existed on the surface of activated carbon.