不同耕作措施对延边烟田水分、烤烟生长及烟叶产量品质的影响

以吉林延边主栽烤烟品种吉烟9号为试验材料,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同耕作措施对烟田水分、烤烟生长及烟叶产量品质的影响。结果表明:(1)移栽20 d后,垄下深松处理(T1和T2)烟田各土层水分含量均高于常规起垄(CK),移栽40 d和60 d后,50 cm以上各土层含水量均是垄下深松结合揭膜后中耕培土处理(T2)>对照>垄下深松;(2)垄下深松处理(T1)旺长期烟叶氮素和磷素含量高于对照,垄下深松结合揭膜后中耕培土处理(T2)团棵期与旺长期烟叶氮素和磷素含量高于对照,且烟叶钾素含量均随着生育时期的推进呈下降趋势;(3)T1和T2可不同程度促进烤烟生长,增大叶面积,增产增质,其中垄下深松结合揭膜后中耕培土处理烤烟经济性状各项指标和致香物质总量最高,化学成分较为协调,产量和产值分别较对照提高310 kg/hm2和5997.9元/hm2。

湘南烤烟生理特性对生育前期烟田水分的响应

采用大田控水试验,分别将烟株生育前期烟田供水量控制为常规供水量的70%,50%和30%,研究了湘南烤烟生理特性对烟田不同水分条件的响应。结果表明:在按常规供水量的70%和50%供水条件下,烟株叶片发育、根系发育及综合长势明显优于对照;成熟期各处理的叶片超氧阴离子和过氧化氢均低于对照,叶绿素含量均高于对照;初始荧光(F0)略高于对照,而最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)略低于对照。控水处理叶片的"日灼烟"现象显著减少,说明在湘南烟区气候条件下适当控制生育前期烟田的含水率有利于烟株的壮根壮苗和生长发育,可作为防控该烟区烟叶"高温逼熟"现象的有效措施之一。

多雨烟区烤烟水肥供需矛盾与对策--以河北中烟福建省龙岩市漳平烟叶基地为例

恰当的水肥供给是烤烟优质适产必不可少的关键技术。福建烟区总体上雨水充沛,在按时按量施肥的情况下,水分与养分供给不足本不应是福建烤烟生长过程中出现的问题。但通过田间实地调查发现漳平烟区的水肥供给与烤烟生长的水肥需求规律脱节的现象常年存在。其根本原因在于烟株根系附近土壤水分不足,肥料无法及时溶解转化,烟株难以足量吸收养分,导致烟株难以及时健壮生长发育,进而降低烟叶产质量。因此,多雨烟区同样需要注意防止烤烟生长过程中水肥供给不足问题。

Control Effect of 80% Nicosulfuron·Atrazine Water-dispersible Granules on Weeds in Spring Maize Field

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the control effect of different concentrations of 80% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules on weeds in spring maize field. [Method] Maize field was sprayed with 300, 375, 450, 750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules respectively, with 40 g/L nicosulfuron suspending concentrate and 38% atrazine suspending concentrate as control agents. Artificial weeding and control(CK) plots were set. [Result] Fresh weight control efficiency of 375-750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules was significantly higher than that of 40 g/L nicosulfuron suspending concentrate and 38% atrazine suspending concentrate; no obvious phytotoxicity symptoms were observed after application of 300-450 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine waterdispersible granules; 750 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules posed certain impact on the growth of maize seedlings. Compared with control plots, various doses of 80% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules significantly improved the yield of maize. [Conclusion] In the present study, 375-450 g/hm280% nicosulfuron·atrazine water-dispersible granules exhibited high control effect on weeds in maize field and were safe for the growth of maize seedlings.