遗传多样性研究是保护生物学研究的重要内容之一,对种质资源的保存利用和研究有重要的理论价值及实践意义。野生大豆是栽培大豆的野生近缘种,在长期自然环境选择下形成了较为丰富的变异类型,是大豆的珍贵基因库,具有高蛋白含量、较强的...遗传多样性研究是保护生物学研究的重要内容之一,对种质资源的保存利用和研究有重要的理论价值及实践意义。野生大豆是栽培大豆的野生近缘种,在长期自然环境选择下形成了较为丰富的变异类型,是大豆的珍贵基因库,具有高蛋白含量、较强的抗逆性和较高的繁殖系数等优良特点,为栽培大豆的遗传育种和种质改良提供了重要的基因资源。从20世纪80年代初开始,中国科研工作者在对全国野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)搜集考察基础上,分别从农艺性状、酶水平、基因水平和细胞质水平揭示了野生大豆的遗传多样性。近30年野生大豆遗传多样性的研究成果表明,野生大豆遗传多样性研究为野生大豆的种质保护与保存奠定了理论基础,同时,也为野生大豆作为栽培大豆的遗传资源提供了有效利用的理论依据。展开更多
Strictosidine synthase (STR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) by condensing tryptamine and secologanin into strictosidine. The transgenic tobacco plants targeting STR to...Strictosidine synthase (STR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) by condensing tryptamine and secologanin into strictosidine. The transgenic tobacco plants targeting STR to subcellular compartments were established to express STR in chloroplast, vacuole and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the tobacco stable transformation. It was shown that STR was effectively expressed in the above subcellular compartments by Western blot analysis and STR enzymatic assay. In vitro , STR enzymatic assay was measured indirectly by fluorimetrically detecting depletion of tryptamine feeding on secologanin in the reaction mixture. The tryptamine were completely depleted by STR in the crude extract of leaves of transgenic tobacco plants targeting and expressing STR in the chloroplast, vacuole and ER, which ascertained the STR functionally targeted to the three subcellular compartments. To confirm STR correct targeting and expressing in chloroplast, the chloroplasts were isolated and the fractions of purified chloroplasts were analyzed by Western blot. The hypothesis of STR correct targeting to the chloroplast was tested. The results have implications on our understanding of the complex intracellular trafficking in metabolic intermediates of TIA biosynthesis.展开更多
Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, ...Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted field experiments to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a biorational （Agroneem~） and conventional pesticide （imidacloprid or thiamethoxam） on insect pests of these crops. In the first year, two varieties of cowpea （Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purple Hull） and two of tomato （Mariana and German Johnson） were used; in the second year, the better performing of each group （Mississippi Silver and Mariana） were used for the study. A split-plot design with four replications in Year 1, and a randomized complete block design with six treatment combinations in Year 2. In the first year, both pesticide groups were applied following manufacturer＇s recommendation （10-14 d cycles）; and in the second year, the application of the pesticides was driven by economic thresholds level （ETL） of insect pests. The most prevalent species of insects recorded in both crops were in the families： Chrysomelidae, Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Vespidae, Sarcophagidae, Thripidae and Sphingidae. In both years, the diversity of insects on cowpea was greater than on tomato and more insects were observed in the second year compared to the first, despite the absence of significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between varieties in the treated plots. The yield of cowpea and tomato was comparable in all sprayed plots.展开更多
文摘遗传多样性研究是保护生物学研究的重要内容之一,对种质资源的保存利用和研究有重要的理论价值及实践意义。野生大豆是栽培大豆的野生近缘种,在长期自然环境选择下形成了较为丰富的变异类型,是大豆的珍贵基因库,具有高蛋白含量、较强的抗逆性和较高的繁殖系数等优良特点,为栽培大豆的遗传育种和种质改良提供了重要的基因资源。从20世纪80年代初开始,中国科研工作者在对全国野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)搜集考察基础上,分别从农艺性状、酶水平、基因水平和细胞质水平揭示了野生大豆的遗传多样性。近30年野生大豆遗传多样性的研究成果表明,野生大豆遗传多样性研究为野生大豆的种质保护与保存奠定了理论基础,同时,也为野生大豆作为栽培大豆的遗传资源提供了有效利用的理论依据。
文摘Strictosidine synthase (STR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) by condensing tryptamine and secologanin into strictosidine. The transgenic tobacco plants targeting STR to subcellular compartments were established to express STR in chloroplast, vacuole and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the tobacco stable transformation. It was shown that STR was effectively expressed in the above subcellular compartments by Western blot analysis and STR enzymatic assay. In vitro , STR enzymatic assay was measured indirectly by fluorimetrically detecting depletion of tryptamine feeding on secologanin in the reaction mixture. The tryptamine were completely depleted by STR in the crude extract of leaves of transgenic tobacco plants targeting and expressing STR in the chloroplast, vacuole and ER, which ascertained the STR functionally targeted to the three subcellular compartments. To confirm STR correct targeting and expressing in chloroplast, the chloroplasts were isolated and the fractions of purified chloroplasts were analyzed by Western blot. The hypothesis of STR correct targeting to the chloroplast was tested. The results have implications on our understanding of the complex intracellular trafficking in metabolic intermediates of TIA biosynthesis.
文摘Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted field experiments to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a biorational （Agroneem~） and conventional pesticide （imidacloprid or thiamethoxam） on insect pests of these crops. In the first year, two varieties of cowpea （Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purple Hull） and two of tomato （Mariana and German Johnson） were used; in the second year, the better performing of each group （Mississippi Silver and Mariana） were used for the study. A split-plot design with four replications in Year 1, and a randomized complete block design with six treatment combinations in Year 2. In the first year, both pesticide groups were applied following manufacturer＇s recommendation （10-14 d cycles）; and in the second year, the application of the pesticides was driven by economic thresholds level （ETL） of insect pests. The most prevalent species of insects recorded in both crops were in the families： Chrysomelidae, Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Vespidae, Sarcophagidae, Thripidae and Sphingidae. In both years, the diversity of insects on cowpea was greater than on tomato and more insects were observed in the second year compared to the first, despite the absence of significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between varieties in the treated plots. The yield of cowpea and tomato was comparable in all sprayed plots.
