热剂反应自蔓延高温合成材料研究进展

热剂反应是自蔓延高温合成反应的一个分支,它采用成本低廉的天然氧化物作原料,比元素直接合成材料具有更显著的经济效益。通过对工业和实验中最具代表性的两种热剂反应——铝热剂与镁热剂反应研究及应用的介绍,阐述了热剂反应的发展状况,并指出了热剂反应研究的不足和有待进一步研究的若干问题。

新型聚氨酯反应性热熔胶

德国Henkel公司推出了一种适用于鞋底鞋帮粘接的聚氨酯反应性热熔胶粘剂，由不同结晶性，不同Tg的聚酯二元醇和低分子质量聚醚二醇混合物的MDI预聚物制得，用该胶粘接5min后，丁腈橡胶底和皮革的剥离强度可达（40-58）N·cm^-1。

Investigation on the coordination mechanism of Pt-containing species and qualification of the alkaline content during Pt/C preparation via a solvothermal polyol method

A solvothermal assisted ethylene glycol reduction method is a common technology for Pt/C catalysts preparation. Here, the coordination mechanism of the Pt-containing species is deeply studied by innovatively adopting the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy technology and H+ concentration detector. Moreover, the amount of Na OH that effectively coordinates Pt4+ has been tentatively qualified and the heating parameters during the preparation process of Pt/C have also been optimized. As investigated, the optimized 20-(1/22)-140-2 Pt/C(20 wt%Pt;m(Pt):m(Na OH)=1/22;heating temperature: 140 °C, heating time: 2 h) exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) than the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C(E-TEK) in acidic media. This work provides a theoretical reserve and technical accumulation for industrialized mass production of highly efficient Pt/C catalysts for ORR in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Maximum Hydrogen Production by Autothermal Steam Reforming of Bio-oil With NiCuZnAI Catalyst

Autothermal steam reforming （ATR） of bio-oil, which couples the endothermic steam reform- ing reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation, offers many advantages from a technical and economic point of view. Effective production of hydrogen through ATR of bio-oil was performed at lower temperature with NiCuZnAl catalyst. The highest hydrogen yield from bio-oil reached 64.3% with a nearly complete bio-oil conversion at 600℃, the ratio of steam to carbon fed （S/C） of 3 and the oxygen to carbon ratio （O/C） of 0.34. The reaction conditions in ATR including temperature, O/C, S/C and weight hourly space velocity can be used to control both hydrogen yield and products distribution. The comparison between the ATR and common steam reforming of bio-oil was studied. The mechanism of the ATR of bio-oil was also discussed.

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50-300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave.The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment(HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) ,scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) ,energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS) ,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) .The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed.The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT.Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure,and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50-250 nm and shell thickness of 15-30 nm.The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Stabilizers on the Thermostability of Live Attenuated Thermo-adapted Peste des petits ruminants Vaccines

In this study, thermo-adapted （Ta） PPR vaccines were assessed for their stability at 25, 37, 40, 42 and 45℃ in lyophilized form using two extrinsic stabilizers {lactalbumin hydrolysate-sucrose （LS） and stabilizer E} and in reconstituted form with the diluents （1 mol/L MgSO4 or 0.85% NaC1）. The lyophilized vaccines showed an expiry period of 24-26 days at 25℃, 7-8 days at 37℃ and 3-4 days at 40℃. LS stabilizer was superior at 42℃ with a shelf-life of 44 h, whereas in stabilizer E, a 40 h shelf-life with a comparable half-life was observed. At 45 ℃, the half-life in stabilizer E was better than LS and lasted for 1 day. Furthermore, the reconstituted vaccine maintained the titre for 48 h both at 4℃ and 25℃ and for 24-30 h at 37℃. As both the stabilizers performed equally well with regard to shelf-life and half-life, the present study suggests LS as stabilizer as a choice for lyophilization with 0.85% NaCldiluent, because it has better performance at higher temperature. These Ta vaccines can be used as alternatives to existing vaccines for the control of the disease in tropical countries as they are effective in avoiding vaccination failure due to the breakdown in cold-chain maintenance, as this vaccine is considerably more stable at ambient temperatures.

环氧树脂部分

20073103可低温固化的带环氧官能团的粉末涂料组成物；20073104具有良好的耐热、耐湿性用于半导体设备封装的液态环氧埘脂组成物；20073105用于耐腐蚀、耐候性涂料组成物的环氧树脂；20073106环氧反应性热熔胶粘剂组成物；20073107贮存稳定性和可固化性获得良好平衡的单组分液态环氧树脂用潜伏性固化剂；

Validation of the TASS/SMR-S Code for the Core Heat Transfer Model on the Steady Experimental Conditions

The SMART （System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor） which is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR was developed by the KAERI （Korea Atomic Energy Institute） for electricity generation and seawater desalination. To enhance its safety, the various design concepts were adopted such as the most containing of the RCS （reactor coolant system） components and a PRHRS （passive residual heat removal system）. To ensure the safety and performance of the SMART, a thermal hydraulic evaluation and safety analysis are performed by the TASS/SMR-S code. It uses a one dimensional node/path modeling and point kinetics for the core power simulation. The code also has specific models reflecting the design features of the SMART such as a helical tube and PRHRS heat transfer models. In this study, the validation of the core heat transfer model in the TASS/SMR-S code on the steady conditions was performed with the Bennett＇s heated tube tests and THTF （thermal hydraulic test facility） experiment. From the results of the TASS/SMR-S code calculation, the CHF （critical heat flux） point and the fuel rod surface temperature were predicted conservatively compared to the test results.

Thermal Analysis of Composite Cements

The hydration of cement compounds gives hydrated compounds, which allow linking together, the different particles and aggregate of cement, and gives the concrete the required qualities. The dynamics of hydration reactions will depend on many factors, such as the fineness of cement, the ratio w/c during hydration, temperature, mixing technique, and the presence of additives in blended cement, as pozzolan, tuff and slag from blast furnaces. We studied the thermal and kinetic reactions of Portland cement hydration, and its variants with different additions using a differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The parameters from these models of curves allow us to evaluate the enthalpies, and the degree of progression of this blended cement, and finally determine their activation energies. We can say that the hydration of Portland cement is due to a series of reactions as （ C3S,C2S,C3A and C4AF reactions with water） and each of them, has its own kinetic, the experimental measurement of the heat of hydration, allows us to represent the overall kinetics of these reactions values of activation energy, they are therefore apparent and global energy. In our experiments, significant differences in these physicochemical parameters were observed, depending on the additive used.

Simultaneous N-intercalation and N-doping of epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC（0001） through thermal reactions with ammonia

Surface functionalization of epitaxial graphene overlayers on 6H-SiC（0001） has been attempted through thermal reactions in NH3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and micro-region low energy electron diffraction results show that a significant amount of N is present at the NHB-treated graphene surface, which results in strong band bending at the SiC surface as well as decoupling of the graphene overlayers from the substrate. The majority of the surface N species can be removed by annealing in vacuum up to 850 ~C, weakening the surface band bending and resuming the strong coupling of graphene with the SiC surface. The desorbed N atoms can be attributed to the intercalated species between graphene and SiC. Low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations confirm the presence of N dopants in the graphene lattice, which are in the form of graphitic substitution and can be stable above 850 ~C. This is the first report of simultaneous N intercalation and N doping of epitaxial graphene overlayers on SiC, and it may be employed to alter the surface physical and chemical properties of epitaxial graphene overlayers.

Hot water as a mild Brφnsted acid catalyst in ring opening reactions of epoxides

Ring opening of extremely hydrophobic epoxides with water, amines, sodium azide and thiophenol was realized in the mixture solvent of water and 1, 4-dioxane under reflux condition. Hot water was believed to act as a mild Bronsted acid catalyst in the epoxide-opening reactions.

Solvothermal preparation of iron phosphonate cages

Three new iron（Ⅲ） phosphonate cage-like complexes with [Fe4], [Feg] and [Fe14] cores have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction with various starting materials. Magnetic studies show overall antiferromagnetic interaction presented in these cages.

Polydopamine directed MnO@C microstructures as electrode for lithium ion battery

In this work,a facile process was reported to fabricate amorphous carbon-coated MnO micropeanuts(MPs)with 1.8μm in length and 1.0μm in width using hydrothermal reaction followed by heat treatment in the oxygen-free environment.With Mn Cl_2 and KMnO_4 dissolved in the mixture of ethylene glycol and water,MnCO_3 MP precursors were obtained via the hydrothermal reaction with dopamine as surfactant.Then MnCO_3 MP was annealed at 600°C in the N_2 atmosphere and was transformed into MnO MP,and simultaneously the formed polydopamine during the hydrothermal reaction was carbonized to produce amorphous carbon-coating on the MnO MP surface.In contrast,MnCO_3 nanoparticle(NP)precursor was formed without the addition of dopamine and MnO NP agglomerates were prepared after pyrolysis.The carbonization of polydopamine during thermolysis improves the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the MnO MP and thus its electrochemical performance as electrode materials for lithium ion battery.Hopefully,this facile strategy for fabricating and designing carbon-coated materials would inspire more novel nanostructures and applications thereof.